Sarcomastigophora

We reproduce the descriptions of morphology from following books;

ref. ID; 1618
Kudo, "Protozoology 5th Ed."
Copyright: CHARLES C THOMAS PUBLISHER, LTD., 1966

and we thank following Scientists and The Society of Protozoologists (The Journal of Protozoology) for quoting text descriptions from their papers.

Genus list

[B]
Balamuthia, Belaria, Belonocystis, Bicoeca, Bicosoeca, Bikosoeca (Syn. Bicoeca), Biomyxa (Syn. Gymnophrys), Branchipocola, Bodo (Syn. Prowazekia), Bodomorpha, Bodopsis, Bordnamonas

[C]
Cachonina, Caecitellus, Caecomyces, Cafeteria, Calycomonas, Campanoeca, Carpediemonas, Carteria, Cashia, Cavostelium, Cephalothamnion, Cephalothamnium, Ceratium, Ceratocorys, Ceratodinium, Cercobodo, Cercomonas, Chaos (Syn. Amoeba), Chilodinium, Chilomastix, Chilomonas, Chlamydomonas (Green alga), Chlamydomyxa, Chromatium, Chromulina, Chrysamoeba, Chrysapsis, Chrysarachnion, Chrysidella, Chrysidiastrum, Chrysocapsa, Chrysococcus, Chrysodendron, Chrysopyxis, Chrysosphaerella, Chytriodinium, Cichkovia, Cinetidomyxa, Cladomonas, Cladonema, Clathrella, Clautriavia, Coccidinium, Cochlodinium, Codonobotrys, Codonocaladium, Codonocladium (See; Codosiga), Codonodendron, Codonoeca, Codonomonas, Codonosiga, Codonosigopsis, Codosiga (Syn. Astrosiga, Codonocladium), Colacium, Collodictyon, Colponema, Corallomyxa, Cruzella, Cryothecomonas, Cryptaulax, Crypthecodinium, Cryptobia, Cryptochrysis, Cryptoglena, Cryptomonas, Cyathomonas, Cyclidiopsis, Cyclomonas, Cyclonexis, Cyrtophora, Cystodinedria, Cystodinium

[D]
Dactylospherium, Dallingeria, Dendromonas, Derepyxis, Dermamoeba, Desmarella, Diaphanoeca, Dictyomyxa, Dictyosphaerium, Dictyostelium, Dimastigamoeba, Dimastigella, Dinamoeba, Dinema, Dingensia, Dinoasteromonas, Dinobryon, Dinomonas, Dinophys (Marine species), Diplocalium, Diploeca, Diplomita, Diplopsalis, Diploselmis, Diplosiga (Syn. Codonosigopsis), Diplosigopsis, Diplotheca, Discocelis, Distigma, Distigmopsis, Dobellina, Dolium, Duboscquella, Dunaliella

[E] Echinamoeba, Eickenia, Endalimax, Endodinium, Entamoeba (Syn. Poneramoeba), Enteromyxa, Entomosigma, Entosiphon, Epipyxis, Errera, Erythropsidinium, Eudorina, Euglena, Euglenocapsa, Euglenopsis, Eutreptia (Syn. Eutreptiella), Eutreptiella (Syn. Gymnastica), Exuviaella

[F] Flabellula, Flamella, Fromentella, Furcilla

[G]
Gambierdiscus, Gephyramoeba, Glaeseria, Glenodinium (Syn. Glenodiniopsis, Stasziecella, Woloszynska), Gloidium, Goniodoma, Gonyaulax, Gonyostomum (Syn. Rhaphidomonas), Gringa, Gymnodinium, Gymnophrydium, Gymnophrys, Gyrodinium, Gyromitus, Gyromonas, Gyropaigne

[H]
Haplozoon, Hartmannella, Hartmannina, Helgolandinium, Helikotropis, Heliobodo, Helkesimastix, Hemidinium, Hemimastix, Hemiselmis, Hemistasia, Heteramoeba, Heterochromonas, Heterochromulina, Heterogromia, Heteromita, Heteronema, Heterosigma, Hexamitus, Histiona, Hyaliella, Hyalobryon, Hyalodaktylethra, Hyalodiscus, Hyalogonium, Hyalophacus, Hydramoeba, Hydrurus, Hymenomonas, Hyperamoeba

[I]
Iodamoeba, Isonema

[J]
Jakoba, Janickina, Jenningsia

[K]
Kamera, Katablepharis, Kathablepharis, Katodinium, Kephyrion, Khawkinea, Kibisidytes, Kiitoksia, Klebsiella, Korotnevella

[L]
Labyrinthula, Lagenoeca, Lentomonas, Lepocinclis (Syn. Crumenula), Leptomyxa, Leptophrys, Leucodictyon, Leukarachnion, Lingulamoeba, Lithocolla

[M]
Macappella, Macromastix, Mallomonas (Syn. Pseudomallomonas), Malpighiella, Marsupiogaster, Martineziella, Massartia, Massisteria, Mastigamoeba (Syn. Mastigina), Mastigella, Mastigina, Mayorella, Megamoebomyxa, Menoidium, Metamoeba, Metachaos, Metopion, Metromonas, Microcometes, Microglena, Micromonas, Monadodendron, Monas (Syn. Physomonas), Monochrysis, Monomorphina, Monosiga, Multicilia, Myxochrysis, Myxodictyum, Myxodinium

[N]
Naegleria, Nematodinium, Neobodo, Nephrochloris, Nephroselmis, Notosolenus

[O]
Ochromonas, Oikomonas (= Oicomonas), Ovalopodium, Oxyrrhis

[P]
Pachysoeca, Palatinella, Pandorina, Parabodo, Parachaos, Paramastix, Paramoeba (Marine species), Paramonas, Paraphysomonas, Paratetramitus, Parmidium, Pelomyxa, Peltomonas, Penardia, Pentamonas, Peranema, Percolomonas, Peridiniopsis, Peridinium, Pesonella, Petalomonas, Phacus, Phaeosphaera, Phalansterium, Phanerobia, Phloxamoeba, Phreatamoeba, Phyllomitus, Phyllomonas, Physomonas, Phytodinium, Placocista, Planoprotostelium, Platyamoeba, Platychrysella, Platytheca, Plectodinium, Pleuromonas, Pleurophrys, Pleurostomum, Ploeotia, Podactinelius, Podostoma, Polychaos, Polykrikos, Polylepidomonas, Polytoma, Polytomella, Pontomyxa, Porochrysis, Postgaardi, Poteriochromonas, Poteriodendron, Proleptomonas, Prorocentrum, Prosoaulax, Protacanthamoeba, Protamoeba, Protaspis, Proterospongia (= Protospongia), Protochrysis, Protogenes, Protogonyaulax, Protomonas, Protoperidinium, Protospongia, Psalteriomonas, Pseudobodo, Pseudochromulina, Pseudokephyrion, Pseudoparamoeba (Marine species), Pseudospora, Pseudovahlkampfia, Pteridomonas, Pyramidochrysis, Pyramimonas, Pyrocystis

[Q]
Quadricilia

[R]
Raphidiophrysopsis, Reclinomonas, Reticulamoeba, Reticulomyxa, Rhabdomonas, Rhaphidomonas, Rhipidodendron, Rhizamoeba, Rhizaspis, Rhizochrysis, Rhizomonas, Rhizoplasm, Rhodomonas, Rhynchomonas (Syn. Cruzella), Rigidomastix, Rostromonas, Rugipes

[S]
Saccamoeba, Sainouron, Salpingoeca, Salpingorhiza, Saltonella, Sappinia, Schewiakoffia, Schizoplasmodiopsis, Schizopyrenus, Sciviamonas, Scrippsiella, Scytomonas, Serpenomonas, Servetia, Siderodendron, Singhamoeba, Solenodinium, Sphaeripara, Sphaerodinium, Sphaeroeca, Sphaleromantis, Sphenomonas, Spiniferomonas, Spiromonas, Spironema, Spongomonas, Spumella, Stachyamoeba, Stelexomonas, Stenocodon, Stephanocodon, Stephanomonas, Stephanopogon, Sterromonas, Stigmamoeba, Stokesiella, Streptomonas, Strombomonas, Stygamoeba, Stylamoeba, Stylobryon, Stylochrysalis, Stylodinium, Stylopyxis, Symbiodinium, Synamoeba, Syncrypta, Syndinium, Synhemidinium, Synura (Syn. Synuropsis)

[T]
Tetrablepharis, Tetracilia, Tetramitus, Thalassomyxa, Thaumatomastix, Thecamoeba, Thecamonas, Theratromyxa, Togula, Toshiba, Toussetia, Trachelomonas, Trentonia, Trepomonas, Trichamoeba, Trichonema, Triflagellum, Trigonomonas, Trimastigamoeba, Trimastix, Trizona, Trochodinium, Tropidoscyphus, Tryanophis, Trypanoplasma

[U]
Urbanella, Urceolus (Syn. Phialonema, Urceolopsis), Uroglena, Uroglenopsis, Urophagus

[V]
Vacuolaria (Syn. Coelomonas), Vahlkampfia, Vampyrella, Vampyrellidium, Vannella, Vexillifera, Volvox

[W]
Wagnerella, Warnowia, Woloszynskia

[Z]
Zygabikodinium

Identification key

Flagellum

• One flagellum
• Two flagella
• Three flagella
• Four flagella
• Possess flagellum(a) and pseudopod(ium)

Pseudopodium

• Axopodium
  See; Heliozoa
• Filopodium
• Lobopodium

Epicone & hypocone (Epitheca & hypotheca)

Stalk

Spine

Chromatophres

Colony formation

Diphasic (possess both amoeboid and flagellate phases)

Two flagella

• Equally long two anterior flagella
  Amphimonas, Cladomonas, Dinomonas, Diplomita, Rhipidodendron, Spiromonas, Spongomonas, Streptomonas, Synura
• Unequally two anterior flagella
  Distigma, Eutreptia, Ochromonas, Monas, Trentonia, Tropidoscyphus, Vacuolaria
• One directed anteriorly and the other posteriorly and trailing
  Anisonema, Bodo, Cercomonas, Colponema, Entosiphon, Heteronema, Marsupiogaster, Notosolenus, Phyllomitus, Pleuromonas, Rhynchomonas, Thaumatomastax
• One directed anteriorly and the other adhering to the pellicle
  Peranema

Scientists list

• Dr. Alan J. Griffiths (retired)
  ref. ID; 3701
• Dr. Annette W. Coleman
  Address: Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
  ref. ID; 4377
• Dr. Boris V. Gromov (- 2001)
  ref. ID; 4790
• Dr. Brian P. Eyden
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3730, 3776
• Dr. Carl T. Friz
  ref. ID; 4817
• Dr. Catherine Bernard
  Address: Australian Water Quality Centre, Private Mail Bag 3, Salisbury SA 5108, Australia
  ref. ID; 4885
• Dr. Christine J. Band-Schmidt
  Adress: CICIMAR-IPN Depto. de Plancton y Ecologia Marina Apdo. Postal 592, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S. Mexico
  ref. ID; 6716
• Dr. David J. Hibberd
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3748
• Dr. David J. Patterson
  Address: Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
  ref. ID; 4003, 4079, 4149, 4872, 4885, 4907
• Dr. David Kahan
  Address: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Zoology, Israel
  ref. ID; 3806
• Dr. David L. Garrison
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 5768
• Dr. E. Willaert
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3805
• Dr. Elizabeth Ramirez
  Address: ENEP-Iztacala, UNAM. Av. de Los Barrios s/n, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
  ref. ID; 4343
• Dr. Ferry J. Siemensma
  Address: Zuidsingel 62, 1241 HD Kortenhoef, The Netherlands
  ref. ID; 4739, 4747
• Dr. Flemming Ekelund
  Address: Terrestrial Ecology, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK - 21 Copenhagen O, Denmark
  ref. ID; 4907
• Dr. Frederick C. Page
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 2297, 2298, 3991
• Dr. G. M. Jones
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 4178
• Dr. Gary C. Mitchell
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3644
• Dr. Gary J. Wedemayer
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 4126
• Dr. Georg Keleti
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 4343
• Dr. Giselle Walker
  Address: Laboratory for Development and Evolution, University Museum of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
  ref. ID; 4923
• Dr. Govinda S. Visvesvara
  Address: Division of Parasitic Diseases, F-36 Chamblee Campus, Bldg. 109; Rm. 1202, National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA
  ref. ID; 177
• Dr. Hada Yoshine
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3490, 3494, 3496, 3497, 3544
• Dr. Helge Abildhauge Thomsen
  Address: Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Kavalergaarden 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
  ref. ID; 4878, 5768
• Dr. Jiri Popovsky
  Address: V. Podhori 3/270, CZ 17100 Praha 71, CZECM REP.
  ref. ID; 3726
• Dr. John P. Cann
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 4224
• Dr. K. J. Clarke
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3720
• Dr. Kurt R. Buck
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 5768
• Dr. Laura B. Ruiz
  Address: Dpto. de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  ref. ID; 3550, 4492, 4965
• Dr. Lawrence Fritz
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 4087, 4254
• Dr. Linden A. Burzell
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3779
• Dr. Milan Ertl
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3714
• Dr. Nigel C. Pennick
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 474, 3715, 3720, 3721, 3724
• Dr. Patricia A. Bolt
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 5768
• Dr. Phyllis Clarke Bradbury
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 4088
• Dr. R. Neal Band
  Address; Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
  ref. ID; 4173
• Dr. Richard L. Tyndall
  Address; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biology Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
  ref. ID; 3805
• Dr. Rudi M. M. Roijackers
  ref. ID; 4747
• Dr. Shafiq-ur-Rehman
  Address: P.O. Box: 56 (GPO), Srinagar (Kashmir), J&K, 190001, India
  ref. ID; 1980
• Dr. Sukumar Chakraborty
  Address: CSIRO Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067, Australia
  ref. ID; 4238
• Dr. Sung Min Boo
  Address: Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejon 305-764, Korea
  ref. ID; 4493
• Dr. Thomas K. Sawyer
  Address: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Center, Oxford Laboratory, Oxford, Maryland 21654, USA
  ref. ID; 3847, 4406
• Dr. Tom Fenchel
  Address: Marine Biological Laboratory (University of Copenhagen) Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark
  ref. ID; 4882
• Dr. Visitacion Conforti
  Address: Dpto. Biologia - Fac. Cs. Exactas y Nats. Cludad Universitaria, Pab. II, 4o P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
  ref ID; 3550, 4492, 4965, 4966
• Dr. Vladimir Sladecek
  Address: Institute of Chemical Technology Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Technicka 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
  ref. ID; 3343, 3409
• Dr. William B. Lushbaugh
  Address: We do not have the address
  ref. ID; 3900
• Dr. William F. Thompson
  Address: Campus Box 7612, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
  ref. ID; 4377