Amphidinium
Amphidinium Claparede & Lachmann (ref. ID; 1618, 6734) or Cleve & Lachmann (ref. ID; 3517)
[ref. ID; 1618]
Form variable; epicone small; annulus anterior; sulcus straight on hypocone or also on part of epicone; with or without chromatophores; mainly holopytic, some holozoic; coastal or fresh water. (ref. ID; 1618)
[ref. ID; 3490]
The flagellate cell is generally compressed dorso-ventrally and consists of the low epicone and high hypocone. The girdle usually exists transversely in the anterior half, and the sulcus is straight longitudinally and is not extended up to the small epicone and the posterior end of the large hypocone. The chromatophores are sometimes absent. (ref. ID; 3490)
[ref. ID; 6734]
The genus Amphidinium Claparede and Lachmann is among the largest and most diverse of all marine benthic dinoflagellates and has long been recognized as being polyphyletic. One reason for this is the overly generalized criteria used for distinguished Amphidinium from other athecate genera, such as episome dimensions (shorter than 1/3 of the cell length) and the displacement of the cingulum (Steidinger & Tangen 1997). Amphidinium has been defined in recent years after reinvestigations of A. operculatum Claparede & Lachmann, the type species, and putative relatives (Flo Jorgensen et al, 2004; Murray et al. 2004). The genus was subsequently split into Amphidinium sensu stricto and Amphidinium sensu lato. Amphidinium sensu stricto are dorso-ventrally flattened, athecate dinoflagellates with a minute epicone that overlays the anterior ventral part of the hypocone and deflects to the left (Flo Jorgensen et al. 2004). The epicones can be irregular, triangular shaped of crescent-shaped. Cells may or may not be photosynthetic. Some of the former Amphidinium species that do not fit the above description have been classified into new genera, such as the marine benthic Togula Flo Jorgensen, Murry and Daugbjerg (Flo Jorgensen et al. 2004) and the freshwater Prosoaulax Calado & Moestrup (Calado & Moestrup 2005).
Type species; Amphidinium operculatum Claparede & Lachmann (ref. ID; 6734)
- Amphidinium acutissimum Schiller (ref. ID; 3544)
- Amphidinium akanensis Hada, 1959 (ref. ID; 3490 original paper)
- Amphidinium asymmetricum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (ref. ID; 4151)
- Amphidinium carterae Hulburt, 1957 (ref. ID; 4151) reported year? (ref. ID; 323) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3731)
- Amphidinium carteri Hulburt (ref. ID; 3943) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4102)
- Amphidinium fusiforme Martin (ref. ID; 1618)
- Amphidinium glabrum Hoppenrath & Okolodkov, 2000
See; Apicoporus glaber (ref. ID; 6734)
- Amphidinium klebsii Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (ref. ID; 3731)
- Amphidinium lacustre Stein (ref. ID; 1618)
- Amphidinium larvale Lindemann (ref. ID; 3517)
- Amphidinium operculatum Claparede & Lachmann (ref. ID; 6734)
- Amphidinium scissum Kofoid & Swezy (ref. ID; 1618)
Descriptions
The nacked fusiform dinoflagellate is made of a small conical epicone and an elongate hypocone. In the flexible body are seen several oblong chromatophores, a large round nucleus and a single pulsing vacuole. (ref. ID; 3544)
Measurements
Length 26-49 um; breadth 7-13 um. (ref. ID; 3544)
Descriptions
The small species, 20 um in length, is elliptical in front view and somewhat compressed dorso-ventrally. The epicone is crescent-shaped with the broadly rounded end and lower than a half of the hypocone provided with the concaved end. The girdle is more or less deep and nearly straight and the sulcus is wide in the upper part, while striate in the lower region. The nucleolus is ovoidal and nearly central. The chromatophores are absent, but the pale pink pulsing vacuole is seen below the pore of the transverse flagellum. Being no published fresh water species allied to the form, it seems that it is obviously one of the new species. (ref. ID; 3490)
Type locality
A few organisms of the small naked dinoflagellate was collected from Lake Panke in the Akan region under the ice-cover in March, 1936. (ref. ID; 3490)
Amphidinium carteri Hulburt (ref. ID; 3943) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4102)
Descriptions
Marine dinoflagellate. (ref. ID; 4102)
Descriptions
Fusiform, twice as long as broad; circular in cross section; epicone rounded conical; annulus anterior; hypocone two to two and a half times as long as epicone; sulcus obscure; body filled with yellowish green chromatophores except at posterior end; stigma dull orange, below girdle; nucleus ellipsoid, posterior to annulus; pellicle delicate. Martin (1929) found that it was extremely abundant in parts of Delaware Bay and gave rise to red coloration of the water ("Red water"). (ref. ID; 1618)
Measurements
17-22 by 8-11 um in diameter. (ref. ID; 1618)
Descriptions
In fresh and salt (?) water. (ref. ID; 1618)
Measurements
30 by 18 um. (ref. ID; 1618)
Descriptions
Along sandy beaches. (ref. ID; 1618)
Measurements
50-60 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)