Monogonont rotifers with retractile head, dorso-ventrally compressed loricate body, dorsal and ventral plates connected by a flexible membrane, foot with two short joints, and two toes often ending in a claw. (ref. ID; 689)
ref. ID; 696
The genus Lecane has two well formed toes. The genus Monostyla has a single toe. However, Lecane elasmae Harring & Myers, Lecane sympoda Hauer has toes are fused at base. Hauer (1929) further commented that the extent of fusion of toes varied considerable within individuals of the same species. Since Lecane and Monostyla differ only in the number of toes, Edmondson (1935) suggested to combine these genera under the first genus. Voigt (1957) recognised the force in Edmondson's argument and combined the two genera retaining the older name Lecane. Sudzuki (1964) considered the structure of toes as generically important and resurrected the genus Monostyla for single-toe specimens. (ref. ID; 696)
ref. ID; 1312
Bartos (1959) established the family Lecanidae which included both genera and a new subgenus, Hemimonostyla. Koste (1978) considered Hemimonostyla and Monostyla to be subgenera: later, Koste & Shiel (1990) reerected both genera (Lecane and Monostyla), and gave Hemimonostyla a generic rank. Recently, Segers (1993) questioned the separation of the genera only according to the degree of fusion of the toes, and proposed the Synonymy of Monostyla and Hemimonostyla with Lecane. (ref. ID; 1312)
ref. ID; 1663
Dorsal plate the same size or smaller than the ventral plate, dorsal and ventral plates connected by a flexible membrane. Body (length 150-250 µm) with retractile head, strongly compressed dorso-ventrally. Foot with two rudimentary segments, of which only the posterior is moviable (Lecane) or, with a single long toe (Monostyla), or short joints and two toes often ending in a claw (Hemimonostyla). Toes parallel-sided. Many small littoral species. (ref. ID; 1663)
ref. ID; 2760
The definition of the genera Lecane and Monostyla as given by Harring and Myers (1926) read alike except that in the definition of Monostyla, "toe single" is substituted for "toes two" in the definition of Lecane. Within the last few year several species have been published which are definite transitions between the genera. These are, in order of fusion of the toes, L. elasma Harring & Myers, L. inopinata, Harring and Myers, L. sympoda Hauer, and M. furcata Murray. Lecane agilis Bryce is a side branch of this transition. Lecane elasma itself is variable in this respect; Hauer (1929) has shown that the toes may be slightly fused, while the specimen seen by Harring and Myers have absolutely free toes. These considerations lead to the inevitable conclusion that Lecane and Monostyla are not distinct genera and it is here proposed to unite the two groups under the name Lecane Nitzsch (1827), type species, Lecane luna (Muller). This generic name, under the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, takes precedence over the name Monostyla Ehrenberg. (1830). (ref. ID; 2760)
ref. ID; 2844
In 1935, Edmondson (see; ref. ID; 2760) synonymized Lecane and Monostyla, because these genera differ only by their toes, which are either separated or fused, and because a number of species having incompletely fused toes exist. Bartos (1959), however, placed the intermediate forms in a new subgenus Hemimonostyla. Recently, Koste & Shiel (1990) reestablished Lecane and Monostyla and elevated Hemimonostyla to generic rank, based on an unsubstantiated statement that the differences between them are sufficient to warrant generic separation. No author, however, questions the fact that so far only the degree of fusion of the toes distinguishes the three taxa. I hypothesize that in the Lecanidae, a complete separation of the toes represents a primitive situation which can gradually evolve towards a complete fusion. This follows from a comparison with representatives of the Proalidae, the group most closely related to the Lecanidae. The following remarks can be made. (1) Lecane and Hemimonostyla are diagnosed by a single plesiomorph character (complete separation of toes versus fusion; partial fusion versus complete fusion). (2) Fusion of the toes my have evolved several times. If not, it would mean that species as different as L. furcata (Murray) and L. unguitata (Fadeew) would be closer to each other than to L. inopinata (Harring & Myers) and L. nwadiaroi n. sp. respectively, and that L. agilis (Bryce) and L. undulata Hauer would be closer than to L. clara (Bryce) and L. pusilla Harring, respectively. Therefore, Hemimonostyla and Monostyla have to be considered polyphyletic taxa. (3) The diagnosis of the three taxa is blurred by intraspecific variability: see L. nana (Murray) var. monostyla Rodewald, or L. bulla (Gosse) var. styrax Harring & Myers, or the intraspecific variation in L. aeganea Harring as recorded by Segers & Dumont (1992). These points support the synonymy of Monostyla Ehrenberg and Hemimonostyla Bartos with Lecane Nitzsch. Even a subgeneric status for these taxa can not be considered. Additionally, a consistent application of the 'generic' diagnosis would lead to confusion. For example, the structure of the terminal part of the toes in a species as common and well-known as Lecane bulla (Gosse) would place it in Hemimonostyla rather than in Monostyla. The same holds for several other species as well. Obviously, this would upset taxonomic stability. In a genus as large as Lecane (about 380 taxa described), homonyms are likely occur. Most of these are junior synonyms (e.g. L. appendiculata (Daday) non (Skotikov) nec (Levander) or inadequately described taxa (e.g. L. ungulata (Mola) non (Gosse), and do therefore not threaten taxonomic stability. Some other cases of homonymy are: (1) L. amazonica (Murray, 1913). Hauer (1965) proposed L. murrayi Hauer as a nomen novum for this species, without a valid motivation. This name is a junior homonym of L. murrayi Korde 1927 (a junior synonym of L. subtilis Harring & Myers 1926). Obviously, L. amazonica (Murray) is the valid name for the taxon. (2) The specific epithet longidactyla was used by Edmondson (1948) in a naming Proales. Judging from the original description, the species belongs to Lecane, and, in fact, is a synonym of L. clara (Bryce) (comb. nov., syn. nov.). Arora's (1965) L. longidactyla is a junior homonym, but is not replaced as it is itself synonymous to L. curvicornis (Murray) (new synonym). (3) L. ornata (Harring & Myers, 1926) non (Daday, 1901). I propose the name L. myersi as a nomen novum for the junior homonym. (4) L. rotunda (Olofsson, 1918) non (Jakubski, 1914). In this case, the junior homonym can be replaced by its junior synonym, L. latissima Yamamoto, 1953. (5) L. truncata Yamamoto non (Lessling) nec (Turner). This taxon is most probably a synonym of L. brachydactyla (Stenroos) (new synonym), its description presumably being based on a misinterpreted observation. Leissling's species is also a synonym of L. brachydactyla. (ref. ID; 2844)
ref. ID; 2891
After Bartos (1959), Kutikova (1970) and Koste (1978), the family contains a single genus, which is divided into three subgenus: (1) subgenus Lecane (s.str.) Nitzsch, 1827 (toes always completely separate), (2) subgenus (L.) Hemimonostyla Bartos, 1959 (toes partly fused), (3) subgenus (L.) Monostyla Bartos, 1959 (toes completely fused). All morphological taxonomic characters are taken from contracted animals, as until now the shape of the lorica, especially the form of the anterior margin, the coxal plate, the feet and toes as well as spines (claws and pseudo-claws) have been the basis for identification and systematics. (ref. ID; 2891)
ref. ID; 3114
The genus Monostyla Ehrenberg, 1850 was formerly distinguished from a genus Lecane simply based upon the number of the toes (Harring 1913; Harring-Myers 1926; Wesenberg-Lund 1929). Afterwards, as some transitional specimens were found between both genera by Harring-Myers, the generic separation became rather difficult. Hauer (1929) even pointed out that the degree of the fusion of the toes is different in each specimen and the difference is not 'generic'. These considerations led Edmondson (1935, p.304) to the conclusion that Lecane and Monostyla are not separable genera, and it was proposed to unite the two groups under the name Lecane Nitzsche, 1827, its type species being Lecane luna (O.F. Muller). Recently Voigt (1957, s.211) shows 'Zehenverschmelzung bei Lecane Arten' based upon L. agilis, L. elasma, L. kenchor, L. inopinata, L. sympodia and L. undulata, and he divided genus Lecane into 3 groups owing to the degree of the fusion of the toes: 1. Zehen vollstandig getrennt (Distyla, Cathypna) - Gruppe A 2. Zehen teilweise verwachsen - Gruppe B 3. Zehen ganz verwachsen (Monostyla 1830) - Gruppe C. Voigt's treatment may be logical and warranted on one side so far as we classified the animal basing upon the female, but the Sudzuki is of the opinion the consideration on another sex may be also necessary and it may have a key to the solution of the problem. The males of the group a have been discovered in a few species, viz. L. luna, L. levistyla and L. clare by Wiszniewski and Sudzuki. All these males have a spindle shaped body provided with two wholly separated toes on the annulated foot. While, the males of the group C have been found in L. quadrata, L. psammonphila and L. perpusilla by Harring-Myers, Wiszniewski, and all these males have an elongated body provided with one long toe on the long foot. In this point it results that the males are closely related to the females. The male belonging to the group B, which seems to have an important key to the solution of this problem, has not yet been discovered. As mentioned already in this paper, the toes, especially the number of the toes is an important character for generic diagnosis. The male of the Group A (Lecane) and that of the Group C (Monostyla) are different in number of the toes number of the annulations on the foot, length of the toes, the position of the gonopore, etc. besides the general shape of the body. Accordingly, we should not unite these genera in a single genus, and we had better consider genus Monostyla should be re-established. (ref. ID; 3114)
ref. ID; 3334
The members of this genus have a well-developed lorica consisting of a dorsal and a smaller ventral plate, joined by a flexible membrane. The foot projects through a hole in the ventral plate. The foot is short, of one or two segments, and the toes long. The mastax has malleate trophi. (ref. ID; 3334)
ref. ID; 3592
Resting egg: The resting egg remains inside the lorica of the female, and is released only by decay of the female. The production of resting eggs is apparently limited to a single egg per female in Lecane. Clearly, resting eggs are for dispersal and survival through periods of adverse conditions only, whereas population growth is attained by parthenogenetic reproduction. (ref. ID; 3592)
Lecane abanica Segers, 1994 (ref. ID; 2016, 2922 original paper)
Pejler shall here deal with L. lunaris (Ehrbg), L. constricta (Murray) and L. perplexa (Ahlstrom). These three species can be distinguished from one another partly by the shape of the lorica, partly by their size. However, since the shape of the lorica seems to a large degree to be a function of the size and is moreover dependent on the state of contraction, he has in attempting analyse the variation in the first place concentrated on size, more particularly the length of the lorica. The variation of the latter in the various waters appears. (ref. ID; 1450)
Lecane abanica Segers, 1994 (ref. ID; 2016, 2922 original paper)
Diagnosis
L. abanica n. sp., is diagnosed by the following characters: - the species has a relatively elongate, soft lorica, with a consistently broader dorsal than ventral plate, the ventral with lateral margins diverging anteriorly to meet the dorsal in the antero-lateral corners; - its foot pseudosegment is nearly rectangular, not or scarcely projecting, and preceded by a narrow, elongate prepedal fold; -two parallel- sided toes, bearing incompletely separated claws are present. (ref. ID; 2922)
Descriptions
Female: Lorica relatively soft. Dorsal plate wider than ventral plate, smooth or irregularly folded. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, ventrally and dorsally straight or dorsally with median convexity, antero-lateral corners angulate. Ventral plate longer than wide, with weak, incomplete transverse and elongate longitudinal folds, smooth. Lateral margins smooth or irregularly folded, diverging anteriorly. Lateral sulci absent. Foot plate broad, coxal plates rounded triangular. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, posterior margin with median projection. Foot pseudosegment nearly rectangular, covered or slightly projecting. Toes parallel-sided, with incompletely separated claw. Trophi: fulcrum short, fan-shaped. Rami asymmetrical, with strong anterior prcessi, expanded laterally. Unci are plates consisting of two subequal teeth, and a third, more strongly reduced tooth. Pre-uncinal plates present. Manubria elongate, with strongly curved distal tips, their shaft expanded dorso-ventrally forming a broad lamella. (ref. ID; 2922)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2922)
Comments
L. abanica n. sp., appears most closely related to L. nana (Murray), L. triphema Harring & Myers and L. paxiana Hauer. All of these have a relatively soft lorica, with a narrower ventral than dorsal lorica, and with lateral margins of the ventral lorica, diverging anteriorly. Of these four, only L. paxiana has its toe fused at their basis, while both L. nana and L. triphema have toes without claws. L. abanica n. sp., is distinctive by its elongate lorica, and the presence of incompletely separated claws on its toes. The species can be confused with L. latissima Yamamoto (= L. rotundata (Olofsson) non (Jakubski) and with L. ruttneri Hauer. It differs from the first by its elongate lorica and by its diverging lateral margins. From the second it deviates by, again, its more elongate lorica, by the shape of its ventral lorica, by its squarish foot pseudosegment (with strong bilateral constriction in L. ruttneri) and by the rather weak, incomplete transverse fold on its ventral lorica (strong in L. ruttneri). (ref. ID; 2922)
Etymology
The species name abanica is an adjective, derived from the name of the species' type locality, Al-Aba. (ref. ID; 2922)
Type locality
Saudi Arabia (26 degrees 45'N-49 degrees 46'E), 22 October 1992. Leg. H.J. Dumont. (ref. ID; 2922)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 105 to 106; width of dorsal plate of lorica 72-75; length of ventral plate of lorica 80-82; width of ventral plate of lorica 50; length of toe 34-53; length of claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Female: The outline of the lorica is oval, truncated anteriorly. The anterior margin is slightly convex and sometimes undulate, the dorsolateral points are cut off and recede at an obtuse angle to the external edge. The dorsal plate is slightly narrower than the ventral one rounded posteriorly with an indistinct and wavy edge. The ventral plate is broadly ovate, the anterior edge convex. It carries two stout spines which are to quite at the corners of the anterior edge. The ventral plate is broadly rounded posteriorly. Lateral sulci are shallow. The dorsal plate has fine, uniform, punctuate surface but no design; there are some creases at the anterior edge. The wing-like coxal plates are extremely large and conspicuous, curved and pointed, projecting beyond the posterior edge (hence the name "aliger" = winged). The first foot-joint is elongate, the second broad and square. The toe is medium large, slightly tapering and ending in a split but not double claw. Basal spicules are absent. This species is recognizable by the unique coxal plates, the strong anterior spines and the obtusely cut dorso-anterior corners. Similar coxal plates are depicted only for Lecane (M.) lordi (Gosse, 1889), in Voigt (1957), but the species is not mentioned in the text. (ref. ID; 1807)
Male: Unknown. (ref. ID; 1807)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 76-92; length of ventral plate 82-95; width of dorsal plate 48-67; width of ventral plate 48-75; distance of anterior points 40-57, their length 5; coxal plates 8-15; toe with claw 30-40 µm. (ref. ID; 1807)
Lorica long with straight anterior margin. Toes short, with uniform thickness up to 1/2 their length, afterwards quickly thinned, pointed. (ref. ID; 1806)
Lecane rhytida after Hauer, 1965 (ref. ID; 2808); Lecane rhytida after Koste, 1972 (ref. ID; 2808); Lecane stichaea var. amazonica after Koste, 1978 (ref. ID; 2808)
Diagnosis
There is still a great deal of confusion with respect to this taxon found in the Amazon and misidentified by Hauer (1965). Lecane rhytida has extremely long tips of toes, but no claws or pseudoclaws. L. amazoniana has pseudoclaws which are sharply indented on the outer edge of the toes. Furthermore, while the margin of the lorica between the anterior corner spines in L. rhytida is concave, in L. amazoniana it is straight. L. amazoniana also has special distinct characteristics when compared to the L. stichaea group. (ref. ID; 2808)
Descriptions
This species might be confused with L. rhytida (Harring & Myers). However as Koste & Robertson pointed out, the margin of the lorica between the anterior corner spines is straight and the toes have psedoclaws indented on the outer edge. (ref. ID; 1837)
Claw form: straight, outer edge indented by sharp step. Anterior lorica: margin between anterior spines straight. (ref. ID; 2808)
The body is oval and the anterior dorsal margin is straight. (ref. ID; 2282)
The outline of the ventral plate are irregularly wavy. The frontal edges of the dorsal and ventral plates coincide completely, but the more or less deep ventral sinus was not observed. (ref. ID; 2597)
Measurements
Total length 110 µm. (ref. ID; 2282)
Dorsal plate length 62-67; dorsal plate width 68-73; dorsal plate anterior points 27; ventral plate length 70-72; ventral plate width 55; ventral plate anterior points 28-35; toe length 27-32 µm. (ref. ID; 2597)
Length of lorica 68-71; width of lorica 45-52; length of toe 25-28 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Lecane aspasia was first described by Myers (1917) from material collected in the surroundings of Los Angeles, California, and since then there have not been any more records. It is possible that L. aspasia has been overlooked up until now because it occupies that same habitat as L. signifera ploenensis (Voigt, 1902), and also because it presents similar toes and pattern on the dorsal lorica to L. stichaeoipdes. (ref. ID; 2808)
Lecane bidentata (Dhanapathi, 1976) (ref. ID; 689 original paper, 2016)
Descriptions
Body is oval, anterior dorsal margin with two blunt median short spines ventral margin slightly convex. Dorsal plate is oval, truncate posteriorly and with characteristic surface markings. Ventral plate is broad with a transverse ridge at some distance in front of the first foot joint. Posterior segment is small, obtusely pointed on either side of posterior rounded margin and just projects over the foot. Coxal plates are small and rounded. First foot joint is indistinct and the second pyriform. Toes are slender, slightly enlarged towards the ends, terminating in short claws without spicule. The species resemble L. curvilineatus Arora (1965) but differs by its anterior margins, characteristics surface markings of the dorsal plate, pyriform second foot joint and differently shaped toes. Characteristic of L. bidentata is abtuse teeth-like projections of the anterior dorsal margin. (ref. ID; 689)
Measurements
Total length 196; length of dorsal plate 126; length of ventral plate 140; width of dorsal plate 84; width of ventral plate 98; width at anterior points 56; length of anterior dorsal median spines 7; toe 56; claw 7 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
The lorica does not a straight frontal margin. It has a very small sting on the frontal corners, and the dorsal lorica has a short fold on the occipital end. The dorsal frontal margin has two nothes and the ventral margin has a shallow sinus in the middle. (ref. ID; 4606)
Lorica oval with deep anterior sinus. Dorsal plate stippled in patches. Toe short, incompletely split in middle; tip split. (ref. ID; 1806)
The dorsal plate is narrower and shorter than the ventral plate, which is a little elongated posteriorly. The dorsal plate has a wide pattern. The whole lorica is fine pustulated. The occipital ventral margin is straight, but seems uneven owing to the small pustules. The occipital margin has a stout spine. The toes are grown together at the basis and at the end, but in the middle there is a channel between them. The toes are not enlarged but on the contrary a bit narrowed at the end. There is one claw. (ref. ID; 3019)
Comments
In the material from Mekong at Chrui-Changvar I found some specimens of a Lecane belonging to the subgenus Hemimonostyla. My specimens look a little like Fadeev's L. unguitata, but is different in the form of lorica and the occipital border of this. The animals differ about all in the shape of the distal segment of the reduced foot. Fadeev's animal is more like the specimens of Hauer, but not Wulfert's from Africa and India. The Indian animals are more like the organisms from Cambodia. According to Wulfert Lecane unguitata is variable, but this question should be proved on la large material. (ref. ID; 3019)
Etymology
I name this new species after the collector of the this valuable rotifer material Dr. J. Blache. (ref. ID; 3019)
Measurements
Total length 162; length of dorsal plate 104; width of dorsal plate 105; length of ventral plate 128; width of ventral plate 114; length of toe with claw 40; length of claw 15; lorica width occipital 35; depth of occipital sinus 8 µm. (ref. ID; 3019)
Lecane boliviana Segers, 1994 (ref. ID; 2913 original paper, 7846)
Descriptions
Parthenogenetic female: Lorica stiff, weakly ornamented. Dorsal plate anteriorly narrower, medially wider than ventral plate. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, ventral slightly concave, dorsal nearly straight. Antero-lateral corners with sharp projections. Ventral plate longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and weak longitudinal folds. Lateral margins smooth, slightly curved. Lateral sulci deep. Foot plate short, with rounded triangular coxal plates. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, posterior margin with median projection. Foot pseudosegment simple, not or distinctly projecting. Toe single, parallel-sided in the proximal two thirds, then tapering to point, no claw. (ref. ID; 2913)
Trophi: Manubria elongate, distally curved ventrad, with sharp dorsal projection. Broad lateral lamellae along the shaft present. Fulcrum nearly triangular in ventral view. Rami small, unci consisting of two large and one reduced, fused teeth. Preuncinal plates and triangular epipharyngeal plates present. (ref. ID; 2913)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2913)
Comments
Lecane boliviana n. sp. is closet to L. closterocerca (Schmarda). However, they differ from each other by the antero-lateral corners of their lorica being provided with sharp spines in L. boliviana n. sp., and exist. L. boliviana n. sp. keys out to L. opias Harring & Myers following the key of Segers (1994). L. boliviana n. sp. has a distinctively rounded lorica and a characteristic pattern of longitudinal folds on the ventral plate. L. boliviana n. sp. is a close relative of the common, cosmopolitan L. closterocerca. The decisive character differentiating between them, viz. presence or absence of antero-lateral spines, has proved to be one of the most reliable in the genus. Moreover, both these species were found in abundance and co-occurring: one of the samples contained hundreds of specimens of both species. A similarity of the new species with L. opias is only superficial, as their general lorica sharp is different. In fact, whereas L. boliviana n. sp. is close to L. closterocerca, L. opias is close to L. arcuata (Bryce). Considering this, the non-illustrated record of L. opias from Lake Titicaca by De Beauchamp (1939), which is the only record of this species from South America, may concern L. boliviana n. sp. (ref. ID; 2913)
Etymology
The species name boliviana is an adjective, derived from the name of the country from which the species is described. (ref. ID; 2913)
Type locality
Abundant parthenogenetic females in samples from Kothia Lagoon, and surroundings (La Paz Sur, 68 degrees 27'W- 16 degrees 21'S). (ref. ID; 2913)
Lecane bondi Edmondson, 1934 (ref. ID; 2939 original paper)
See
Lecane curvicornis (ref. ID; 2016)
Descriptions
Lorica pyriform, slightly gibbous dorsally; anterior margins not quite coincident even in fully contracted specimens, with prominent lateral cusps; dorsal plate ovoid, squarely truncate behind, concave anteriorly, with rounded anterior lateral corners, with well marked sculpture, narrower and shorter than ventral plate; ventral plate pyriform, elongate, with very deep transverse fold foot, anterior margin slightly concave; posterior segment fairly small, broad, rounded; toes long, parallel-sided, clawed, with external spicule; claws fairly long, acutely pointed. (ref. ID; 2939)
Comments
Lecane bondi resembles L. curvicornis and L. acronycha from which it differs in the shape of the anterior margin relative size of the posterior segment and the present of sculpturing in this species. The size of the spicule on the toe is very variable; in some specimens it is very long and sharp, while in others, it is hardly noticeable. (ref. ID; 2939)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 127; length of ventral plate 131; width of dorsal plate 103; width of ventral plate 107; length of toe 60 µm. (ref. ID; 2939)
Outline of smooth, unornamented lorica widely oval. Dorsal anterior margin almost horizontal, but in contracted animal shows a medial perpendicular line and a converging symmetrical trapezoidal pattern. Anterior margin of ventral plate roundish, sometimes with v-shaped groove. Dorsal plate narrower and shorter than ventral plate. On ventral lorica surface a short transverse fold, over it an indistinct longitudinal, oval, medially situated pattern. Below this to lower margin a triangular to pear-shaped flat depression, enclosed by a cuticular ridge. Wide oval sectioned second foot joint, covered by symmetrical coxal plate, fits into this cavity. Foot plate clearly laterally deposed from the lorica body. First foot segment trapezoidal. Toes with laterally opposed claws without accessory claws. (ref. ID; 1417)
Comments
In ecological affinities, the n. sp. resembles Lecane grandis (Murray), 1913, which also has similar measurements. It lives equally in brackish and saline water pools. Lecane pyrrha Harring & Myers, 1926 also has similarities. The new species is distinguished, however, through the construction of the lower ventral lorica, particularly through the hitherto singular configuration of the foot-joint region. The extended foot plate and toe tips also are distinctive. (ref. ID; 1417)
Etymology
"booral" is of Aboriginal derivation, meaning large (Reed 1977). (ref. ID; 1417)
Type locality
Roadside pool 15 km south of Meekatharra, W.A. (26 degrees 44'S/118 degrees 25'E). (ref. ID; 1417)
The lorica is ovate, truncated posteriorly, overlapping the foot. Anterior margin straight sometimes slightly wavy, with two lateral cusps. First foot join oblong, hardly visible, second joint trapezoidal. Coxal plates large, circular. Toes short, straight on the inner edges with long sharp points. Unlike in most description of the species, the lorica shows a pattern resembling short wavy hairs, which on the edges actually look like short cilia. (ref. ID; 2894)
The hyaline lorica is broad and oval in shape, but flat and compressed dorso-ventrally, with but a slight convexity dorsally. The dorsal plate is less wide and considerably shorter than the ventral plate, terminating posteriorly in a straight line just over the foot opening. Anteriorly this plate has a wide, straight, and slightly undulate margin, with sharp points on either side, which are clearly seen when the animal is contracted, contrary to Stenroos's description. The ventral plate is more deeply excavated anteriorly, and posteriorly terminates in a fairly wide, short and flat appendage, which is cur off nearly straight, with a very slight curve inward; it extends some little distance beyond the foot-opening. The two plates of the lorica are connected with a flexible membrane on both sides and also posteriorly, and the line of inangulation can readily be traced all round. Stenroos does not mention these details, but they are clearly indicated in his figure. The foot-opening is situated on the under side of the flat ventral plate, some little distance from the posterior margin. The foot consists of a single, short, square joint, and carries two very short stiletto-shaped, acutely pointed toes, which project only with their points beyond the posterior appendage; the toes are cylindrical, not flat blades. Stenroos further states that in life in this Rotifer projections head considerably through the wide frontal opening of the lorica; he has also seen a red eye over the anterior part of the large mastax, which I have been unable to find in the preserved and retracted specimens. The stomach and intestine lie on the right side, and the ovary, with large nuclei, on the left side of the body cavity. (ref. ID; 3216)
Measurements
Dorsal plate 102 long, 90 wide; ventral plate 122 long, 96 wide; frontal cusps 6; toes 39 µm. (ref. ID; 2894)
The size of the three specimens which I have seen measured 1/169 in. (150 µm) in length; 1/220 in. (115 µm) in width, and the toes 1/635 in. (40 µm) long. Stenroos's animals appear to have been a little larger - namely 174 long, 135 wide and the toes 34 µm long. (ref. ID; 3216)
Female: Loricate species. Dorsal lorica plate anteriorly narrower, medially wider than ventral plate, with a pair of longitudinal folds and some irregular folds. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, straight, dorsal with slightly protruding median part, antero-lateral corners angulate. Ventral plate longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and longitudinal folds, ornamented. Lateral margins smooth, straight, with anterior notch. Lateral sulci deep. Foot plate relatively narrow, coxal plates rounded or irregularly deformed through fixation. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, posterior margin medially with projection. Foot pseudosegment simple, slightly projecting. Toes fused over proximal half, slightly dilated from medially onwards. Claws completely separated, slightly less than half as long as the toes. (ref. ID; 2914)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2914)
Comments
L. braziliensis n. sp., resembles L. inopinata Harring & Myers, 1926 and L. sympoda Hauer, 1929. The species, however, has a more elongate lorica than these two, and lacks the triangular antero-lateral projections of L. sympoda. The great length of its claws (8-14 µm, versus 3-5 µm in L. inopinata and 5-7 µm in L. sympoda), and the presence of strong longitudinal folds in the anterior region of the dorsal lorica provide an easily diagnostic feature for the species. (ref. ID; 2914)
Etymology
The specific name braziliensis is an adjective, derived from the name of the country where the species was found, Brazil. (ref. ID; 2914)
Type locality
Pond of Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil. (ref. ID; 2914)
A common rotifer which shows a varying width of lorica, and usually of this width is more than two-thirds the length of the lorica. (ref. ID; 2599)
Lorica elongated ovate with narrow anterior margin, dorsal anterior notch present for the protrusion of dorsal antenna. (ref. ID; 2867)
Several differences from the type specimens were found. Some specimens had a distinct annulation on the toe at about half its length, and the claw had a broad median line. In addition to the usual transverse ventral fold some specimens had a semi-circular fold on the dorsal plate at about one quarter its length. (ref. ID; 3127)
Outline of the very firm lorica somewhat elongate-ovate, its width about three-fifths of the length. Anterior dorsal margin with a shallow V-shaped anterior sinus with a large median notch. Ventral margin with a very deep anterior sinus, rounded at the posterior end. Posterior segment small and rounded, slightly projecting beyond the dorsal plate. Toe very long and slender, almost half of the total length, slightly enlarged in the middle, ending in a long, slender, acute claw with distinct basal spicules. Claw divided. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Total length 168; length of dorsal plate 98; length of ventral plate 112; width of lorica 70; toe 42; claw 14 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Length 130; width 90; toes 68.2 µm. (ref. ID; 2251)
Length of dorsal plate 104; length of ventral plate 126; width of dorsal plate 96; width of ventral plate 96; width at anterior end 51; toe 48; claw 21 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length dorsal plate 118; length ventral plate 122; width dorsal plate 80; width ventral plate 80; toes 57; claw 18 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 92; length of ventral plate 97; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 60; width of anterior end 51; foot 12; toe 42; claw 18 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 170; length of lorica 120; maximum width 80; length of toe with claw 60; length of claw 20 µm. (ref. ID; 2867)
Total length 186 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
Total length about 180 µm. (ref. ID; 3128)
This new subspecies resembles bulla group in most character, but different from all the subspecies hitherto described in having a strong constriction between median hornlike projection and lateral extremities of the occipital region. The lorica is swollen as in goniata Harring-Myers but provided with a pair of small projection at the base of the claw, which are the same in width. The claw tapers toward the tip and never divided even at the base. (ref. ID; 2874)
Type locality
Hateruma Jima site 4. (ref. ID; 2874)
Measurements
Lorica length 110-125; widest part 90-100; toe 60-65 µm. (ref. ID; 2874)
Lecane (Monostyla) bulla constricta f. triangulata (Sudzuki, 1992) (ref. ID; 2261, 2874 original paper)
Synonym
Monostyla bulla constricta f. triangulata Sudzuki, 1992 (ref. ID; 2874)
Descriptions
This form is distinguishable from typical constricta with a triangular lorica. (ref. ID; 2874)
Measurements
Lorica length 100-110; widest part 95-105; toe 55 µm. (ref. ID; 2874)
This subspecies differs from L. bulla bulla by its claws which are on an average longer, grown together, and are pointed (ref. ID; 2834)
Measurements
Total length 200-216; length of dorsal shell 124-132; width of shell 90-100; width of posterior margin 25-32; toe length (total) 76-78; length of claw 24-28 µm. (ref. ID; 2834)
Anterior end of lorica widest and gradually tapering towards posterior end. Anterior dorsal margins coincident and convex. Dorsal plate with elevated ridges on the sides. Ventral plate slightly larger than dorsal plate. Width of dorsal and ventral plates equal. Lateral sulci not distinct. Posterior segment short and extends only little beyond the dorsal plate. The first joint of the foot fairly large. The second joint very large, rounded posteriorly. Toes long, fairly stout and tapering into an acute point, without any claw. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica widest at anterior end and gradually tapering toward posterior end. Anterior dorsal and ventral margins coincident and convex. Dorsal plate with elevated ridges on the sides. Ventral plate slightly larger than dorsal plate. Posterior segment short and extending only little beyond the dorsal plate. Toes long, fairly stout, and tapering into an acute point, without any claw. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
Lecane ceylonensis is closely related to Lecane nodosa (Hauer), and Lecane hornemanni (Ehrenberg). In L. ceylonensis the anterior end is much broader than the middle of lorica unlike in L. nodosa or L. hornemanni where the greatest width is in the middle lorica. Also in both L. nodosa and L. hornemanni the width of the lorica is greater than its length. The width of the lorica of L. ceylonensis is approximately two-thirds the length. The posterior segment of L. ceylonensis is small compared to that in L. nodosa or L. hornemanni. In view of all these differences we propose that this species be designated L. ceylonensis sp. nov. (ref. ID; 2714)
Locality
This species was first reported in Sri Lanka. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 76; length of ventral plate 80; width of dorsal plate 48; width of ventral plate 48; width of anterior end 58; foot 16; toe 30 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Closely related to L. triloba described in Japan by K. Yamamoto (1951), but the size and form of the dorsal plate, character of the anterior margin of the abdominal one, situation of the second joint of the leg and the structure of coaxal plates differ considerably in the above two species. (ref. ID; 3452)
Type locality
This species found in a plankton sample of the Lake Khanka in the collection of the Amur expedition, 1945-1949. (ref. ID; 3452)
Type collections
The type is to be found in the collections of Biological Laboratory of Biological-Pedological Faculty of Moscow State University. (ref. ID; 3452)
Lecane chinesensis n. sp. is close to L. lauterborni and especially L. levistyla. It is distinguished from them by its obviously two-side extensions of the foot pseudosegment. By its long innercurved apical spines, dorsal plate anteriorly wider than ventral plate, it may have extensions on two sides of the foot pseudosegment, the shape of its toes (with a small dent near the tip), not be confused with any other Lecane species. (ref. ID; 7853)
Descriptions
Parthenogenetic female (male unknown): Lorica stiff and smooth. Dorsal plate anteriorly wider than ventral plate. Head aperture margins almost coincident, straight or nearly so. Anterior-lateral spines present on ventral plate. The spines long and innercurved. Ventral plate longer than wide, elongate. Lateral margins smoothly curved, lateral sulci deep. Foot plate broad, coxal plate rounded, prepedal fold narrow and elongate. Toes long, parallel-sided to the middle, than tapering, with a small dent near the tip, no claws. (ref. ID; 7853)
Distribution and ecology
L. chinesensis n. sp. was found only in type locality. The environmental characteristics of the locality are: temperature 22 degrees C and pH 8.05. (ref. ID; 7853)
Etymology
The species name refers to the country from which the species was first recognised, China. (ref. ID; 7853)
Type locality
Lecane chinesensis n. sp. was collected from Dongting Lake in Human Province on May 20, 1995. (ref. ID; 7853)
Material examined
Holotype (ROT-013) and three paratypes (ROT-014) are deposited in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. (ref. ID; 7853)
This species is a veritable parasite which, living on the sponge, subsists on its upper layer of tissue, gnawing notches into it. These indentations are not deep, usually from 30 to 50 µm. They are of irregular shape, like wide passages with changing directions, because a rotifer is not in the habit of gnawing its way in one definite direction. The animal itself is in restless motion on the sponge surface, frequently and abruptly shifting its direction of movement and quite often leaving off gnawing at one place in order to start nibbling in another. (ref. ID; 2740)
Measurements
The total length of the individuals found on sponges varied from 192 to 196; the length of the toes from 40 to 41; the length of the trophes from 37 to 38 µm. (ref. ID; 2740)
The species was until now only known from three localities in the U.S., as listed by Harring & Myers (1926). It was considered a synonym of L. stichaea Harring by Koste (1978) in the combination L. stichaea var. climacois. I found several specimens of this rare species in and near Oguta Lake on 13 February 1992. Based on the material at hand, a synonymy of L. climacois with L. stichaea Harring can be ruled out, and the taxon is hereby reestablished as a valid species. It is diagnosed by its claws being swollen at their basis and by the shape of its projecting foot pseudosegment being elongate and having lateral extensions. L. climacois differs from L. hastata (Murray) by its elongate lorica, relatively longer anterior spines, its shorter toes and by the shape of its foot pseudosegment. (ref. ID; 2844)
A common rotifer which shows wide variation in size of the lorica and of the anterior opening. (ref. ID; 2599)
Lorica subcircular, anterior margins coincident and forming a shallow, broadly V-shaped sinus. Posterior segment very broad and semicircular and projecting slightly beyond the dorsal plate. Toe long, parallel-sided for more than half its length and tapering to a slender acute point. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 58; length ventral plate 68; width dorsal plate 55; width ventral plate 50; toe 24 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 75; max. width 70; toes 27 µm. (ref. ID; 2277)
Length of dorsal plate 60; length of ventral plate 64; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 56; toe and claw 24 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length of dorsal plate 72; length of ventral plate 79; width of dorsal plate 69; width of ventral plate 62; width at anterior end 41; toe 33 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length dorsal plate 58; length ventral plate 64; width dorsal plate 56; width ventral plate 50; toe 25 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 86; length of ventral plate 95; width of dorsal plate 69; width of ventral plate 60; width of anterior end 36; foot 7; toe 18; claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 88; dorsal lorica length 53; width at the anterior extremity 39; widest part 57; toes 31 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 75-76; width of dorsal plate of lorica 62-68; length of ventral plate of lorica 68-73; width of ventral plate of lorica 50-53; length of toe 28-35 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
It is a small rotifer, with dorsal plate 93 µm long and 82 µm wide and ventral plate 96 µm long. The anterior margin, which is straight, was 46 µm wide. The toe, which is single and fused, was 32 µm long. Although the lorica is slightly larger than the published measurement for this species, the foot and toe are within the range quoted by Koste (1978). (ref. ID; 3334)
Dorsal lorica length 60; dorsal lorica width 61; ventral lorica length 68; ventral lorica width 47; frontal margin width 38; toe 26 µm. (ref. ID; 4606)
Some are of opinion that M. lunaris and M. constricta are identical species. My observations in the Aneboda district (a humus-rich, chiefly oligotrophic area) and in Skane (an eutrophic, lime-rich area) cause me to agree with Carlin's (1939, p.28) opinion, which supports the differences between these two species. In my constricta specimens the lorica has a large sinus on the anterior margin; the anterior part of the lorica is very thin (dorsoventrally flattened), but the trunk is very highly arched and thick. The coxal plates are very easily seen, especially in lateral view. Usually the dorsal and ventral plates are evenly oreolated. (ref. ID; 3036)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 100-122; width of dorsal plate 97-119; length of ventral plate 114-137; width of ventral plate 70-104; width between anterior spines 32-53; depth of dorsal anterior sinus 25-29; thickness of trunk 66-90; depth of ventral anterior sinus 25-27; length of distal foot joint 22-25; width of distal foot joint 12-15; length of toe (without claw) 56-70; length of claw 8-10 µm. (ref. ID; 3036)
Length of dorsal plate 117; length of ventral plate 123; width of dorsal plate 117; width of ventral plate 117; width at anterior end 54; toe 45; claw 12 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 70; width of dorsal plate of lorica 65; length of ventral plate of lorica 72; width of ventral plate lorica 57; length of toes 38; length of claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Considered a good species by Voigt, 1957 and Kutikova, 1970, but reduced to the rank of subspecies by Koste, 1978. (ref. ID; 1839)
The posterior segment of my animals does not reach beyond the dorsal plate, just as the second foot joint does not look out from underneath it. As to its shape the second joint corresponds more to Harring's and Hauer's figures than to those given by Harring & Myers. According to Harring & Myers the toe terminates in a short claw with two minute basal spicules. These spicules are not mentioned at all in Harring's earlier description; it is only said that "the claw is very small". I did not succeed in finding the basal spicules in question. They are also absent in Hauer's figure. (ref. ID; 3379)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 122; length ventral plate 130; width dorsal plate 93; width ventral plate 81; toe 52; claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 112; length of ventral plate 114; width of dorsal plate 90; width of ventral plate 82; width at anterior end 60; toe 75; claw 15 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Total length 240; length of dorsal plate 130; length of ventral plate 140; width of dorsal plate 110; width of ventral plate 100; length of toe 100 µm. (ref. ID; 3128)
Total length 268 µm (Harring & Myers 200 µm, Hauer 193 µm), toe with claw 118 µm (Harring & Myers 92 µm, Hauer 74 µm), length of the dorsal plate 150 µm (Harring & Myers 108 µm, Hauer 112 µm). (ref. ID; 3379)
The toes are incurved. (ref. ID; 2317)
Lorica very flexible, parallel-sided for one half of its length, anterior margins coincident or nearly so. Toe very stout, inwardly curved spines present at the external angles. First foot joint large and bulbous, the second joint subsquare and projecting with more than half its length beyond the lorica. Toes very long and slender, more than one fourth of the total length, straight and slightly tapering, terminating in a long, slender, acutely pointed claw, sharply constricted at the base. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 76-78; length ventral plate 85-95; width dorsal plate 48-55; width ventral plate 50-55; toe 38-40 including claws; anterior points 55-57 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 76; length of ventral plate 84; width of dorsal plate 56; width of ventral plate 64; length of toes and claw 32; length of claw 16; maximum depth of body 50 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of dorsal plate 72; length of ventral plate 85; width of dorsal plate 53; width of ventral plate 54; width at anterior end 61; toe 30; claw 8 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 73; length of ventral plate 86; width of dorsal plate 49; width of ventral plate 56; width of anterior end 58; foot 12; toe 29; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 122; dorsal lorica length 80; width at the basis of occipital lateral spines 51; widest part 48; distance between caudal protuberances at the base 11; anterior lateral spines 7-8; toes 40; claw 9-10 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Lecane crepida f. bengalensis Sharma, 1978 (ref. ID; 688)
Descriptions
These species differ from Lecane crepida nominate form in (i) having a truncate dorsal plate, (ii) the absence of markings on the dorsal plate. (ref. ID; 688)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 75; length of ventral plate 86; width of dorsal plate 42; width of ventral plate 45; toe 24; claw 6; anterior width 42 µm. (ref. ID; 688)
Lorica ovate in outline; anterior margins almost coincident and slightly convex, at external angles provided with two spines, each of which is curved slightly inwards and strongly upwards. Dorsal plate ovate, truncated posteriorly; anterior half of side smooth, but other half slightly undulating. Surface markings consist of four rows of facettings of ordinary pattern. Ventral plate narrower than dorsal plate. Second foot-joint irregular in form. Toes long, slender and parallel-sided; each toe terminating in a spine-like claw which bears small basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3054)
Comments
It resembles Lecane eutarsa in some respects; for instance, the state of the markings on the dorsal surface, and the form of the second foot-joint. However, there are many points of differences between Lecane eutarsa and the present species; that is to say, the size of the latter is much smaller than the former; the anterior margin is concave in the former but convex in the latter; the posterior half of the side of the latter is undulated, while the side of the former is entirely smooth. Especially, the form of the anterior spine of the latter is quite peculiar. (ref. ID; 3054)
Type locality
This species is found in the collection from Rokujizo Pond made by Prof. T. Kawamura on October 14, 1925. (ref. ID; 3054)
Measurements
Total length 130; length of dorsal plate 64; width of dorsal plate 48; length of ventral plate 70; width of ventral plate 43; width of between anterior spines 35; length of anterior spine 10; length of toe without claw 20; length of claw 7 µm. (ref. ID; 3054)
Lorica is pyriform, anterior margins coincident with broad-V-shaped sinus, and with two large spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate is oval, truncate posteriorly and narrower than the ventral. Posterior segment is small and rounded posteriorly. First foot joint is large and indistinct, second large and subsquare. Toes are long slender, parallel sided and terminating in short claw with a basal spicule. (ref. ID; 689)
Antero-lateral spines prominent. Dorsal plate projecting beyond the ventral plate at postero-lateral angles. (ref. ID; 696)
Lorica is pyriform, anterior margin coincident with broad shaped sinus and with two large spines at the external angles which are prominent. Dorsal plate projecting beyond the ventral plate at the postero-lateral angles. Toes are long. (ref. ID; 2867)
Lorica pyriform, anterior margins coincident with broad V-shaped sinus, and with two large spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate oval, truncate posteriorly and narrower than the ventral. Posterior segment small and rounded posteriorly. Toes long, parallel-sided, and terminating in a short claw with a basal spicule. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Total length 220; length of dorsal plate 112-120; length of ventral plate 126-128; width of dorsal plate 84-100; width of ventral plate 98-105; toe 42-56; claw 7-9; width at anterior points 70 µm. (ref. ID; 689, 696)
Length of dorsal plate 128; length of ventral plate 134; width of dorsal plate 108; width of ventral plate 112; width of anterior points 68; toe and claw 60; claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length of dorsal plate 114; length of ventral plate 117; width of dorsal plate 93; width of ventral plate 99; width at anterior end 63; toe 42; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 111; length of ventral plate 117; width of dorsal plate 89; width of ventral plate 96; width of anterior end 66; foot 15; toe 54; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 180; length of lorica 140; maximum width 110; length of toes 50 µm. (ref. ID; 2867)
Length 160 µm, toes 80 µm. (ref. ID; 3387)
Fairly large and egg-shaped. Dorsal plate narrower than ventral. Anterior dorsal margin slightly convex and sinuate; ventral margin concave with frontal spines with broad base and incurved points. Dorsal surface with symmetrical wavy markings. Posterior edge of ventral plate serrated. Posterior segment large, with blunt end flanked by shallow sinuses. Toes long, more than a third of the total length, their claws with distinct basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
The claw is different from Hauer's specimens (1937, Fig.37) in having a small spine at the base of normal claw. (ref. ID; 3083)
Measurements
Total length 198; dorsal lorica length 120; width at the basis of occipital lateral spines 72; widest part 102; toes 55; claw 10; subclaws (spines) 2 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Lecane curvicornis var. miamensis Myers, 1941 (ref. ID; 696, 2714), var. miamiensis Myers, 1941 (ref. ID; 3180)
Descriptions
Characterised by the shape of the posterior segment and anterior portion of the foot. (ref. ID; 696)
This species was first described by Myers (1941) from Miami, Florida. It has not been reported from anywhere since. The form found in Ceylon is broader than the one described by Myers. Also there are other minor differences namely that the anterior margin of Ceylonese specimens are not exactly coincident and the antero-lateral spines are a little more prominent. The shape of the posterior segment and the anterior portion of the toe, which are characteristic of this variety agrees in both the specimens from Florida, United State and from Ceylon. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica ovate in outline, anterior margins not exactly coincident, the ventral margin slightly concave, with two small spines at the external angles. Posterior segment small, bounded by blunt lateral spines with a prominent rounded projection between them. Toes fairly long, enlarged, with an outward band near the base; claws short with basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
Lecane curvicornis var. miamiensis differs from the type principally by the shape of the posterior segment and the toes. In L. curvicornis, the posterior segment is small and evenly rounded and the toes are parallel-sided and somewhat longer. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 150; length of ventral plate 165; width of dorsal plate 115; width of ventral plate 100; toe 50; claw 15 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 138; length of ventral plate 158; width of dorsal plate 121; width of ventral plate 130; width of anterior end 84; foot 15; toe 60; claw 12 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
This species is easily mistaken for the common L. hamata Stokes. The distinguishing features are coincident frontal margins, lack of the two prominent frontal tusks, relative width of dorsal and ventral plates, shape of dorsal plate, and most important, total lack of dorsal facetting. (ref. ID; 2597)
Descriptions
Lorica broadly ovate, its width about four-fifths of the length, anterior margins coincident. Sinuses very deep and V-shaped, rounded posteriorly. No frontal spines present but two triangular, acute cusps are formed between the anterior sinus and the edges of the lorica. Posterior segment rather small and obtusely pointed, projecting considerably beyond the dorsal plate. Toe long and slender, about one-third of total length, parallel-sided for half of its length and tapering gradually to an acute point. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 82; length ventral plate 90; width dorsal plate 90; width ventral plate 54; toe 38 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 73; length of ventral plate 78; width of dorsal plate 56; width of ventral plate 46; anterior points 30; toe and claw 26 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length of dorsal plate 82; length of ventral plate 89; width of dorsal plate 64; width of ventral plate 59; width at anterior end 37; toe 40 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length dorsal plate 94; length ventral plate 100; width dorsal plate 60; width ventral plate 52; toe 38 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 88; length of ventral plate 95; width of dorsal plate 64; width of ventral plate 60; width of anterior end 31; foot 10; toe 21; claw 12 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
The closest relative of this species seems to be Lecane crepida, Harring. However, there are a number of differences. The lorica of L. crepida is parallel-sided for half of its length and tapers to the foot, and the anterolateral spines are curved inwards. The posterior segment in L. crepida is narrow and small, and there is a claw at the end of the toes. The lorica of L. donneri is oval, and the anterolateral spines are straight. The claw is absent. (ref. ID; 2599)
Descriptions
Lorica oval-shaped. Anterior dorsal margin convex and ventral margin concave with two prominent spines at external angles. Dorsal plate convex and smaller than ventral plate. Lateral sulci not distinct. Posterior segment fairly prominent, semicircular. Posterior segment ventral, with an opening for the foot. Coxal plates visible. First foot segment very wide; second, rectangular and extending beyond the lorica. Toes long, straight and tapering to a point. (ref. ID; 2599)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 80; length of ventral plate 87; width of dorsal plate 66; width of ventral plate 60; width of anterior end 46; toe 36 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Lorica is broadly ovate, anterior dorsal margin straight ventral margin slightly concave, and with two small spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate is oval, without surface marking, smaller than the ventral, and truncate posteriorly. Ventral plate is broad with a transverse ridge in front of the first foot joint. Lateral sulci do not reach the anterior margin. Posterior segment is broad, truncate posteriorly and extends beyond the foot. First foot joint is small and indistinct, second large and subsquare. Coxal plates are large and obtusely pointed. Toes are long, parallel sided, with bulbous swellings at a little distance from the claw. Claws are very long, acutely pointed with basal spicules. The species resembles a brackish water form L. hastata Murray in the shape of the body and bulbous swellings for the toes; but differs by its large size, ventral plate with a prominent transverse ridge in front of the first foot joint, large posterior segment extending beyond the foot, presence of obtusely pointed coxal plates, and toes with very long, acutely pointed claw with short basal spicule. It also resembles L. ungulata Gosse, in its shape and long claws; but differs by its large size, absence of cusps, presence of bulbous swelling for the toes, and differently shaped second foot joint. (ref. ID; 689)
Measurements
Total length 308; length of dorsal plate 210; length of ventral plate 238; width of dorsal plate 154; width of ventral plate 168; toe 70; claw 42; width at anterior points 126 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Lecane cf. leontina after Mazuelos et al., 1993 (ref. ID; 2845)
Diagnosis
Lecane donyanaensis n. sp. is closely related to L. ungulata (Gosse). It is distinguished by the presence of a pair of sharp, pointed postero-lateral process on the foot plate. In L. ungulata, the posterior margin of the foot plate is truncate. L. donyanaensis n. sp. will key out to L. leontina following the key by Segers (1994). The resemblance between these two species is, however, only superficial: differences are in the shape of the head aperture margins (both concave in L. leontina, dorsal slightly convex in L. donyanaensis n. sp.), their absolute (specimens of L. donyanaensis n. sp. are generally larger than L. leontina) and relative dimensions (both lorica and toes relatively stout in L. donyanaensis n. sp.), and the length of their pseudoclaws (longer in L. donyanaensis). (ref. ID; 2845)
Descriptions
Lorica stiff, with domed dorsal and flat ventral plate. Ventral head aperture margin smoothly concave, dorsal slightly convex, occasionally irregular. Dorsal plate consistently narrower than ventral, with some irregular wrinkles anteriorly, otherwise smooth. Triangular antero-lateral projections present. Lateral sulci deep. Foot plate broad, with a pair of pointed postero-lateral projections and a smoothly curved medial part. Coxal plates rounded triangular. Prepedal fold broad, distally rounded. Foot pseudosegment trapezoidal, not projecting. Toes nearly parallel-sided, with weak basal swelling and occasional local constrictions. Pseudoclaws long, accessory claws present. (ref. ID; 2845)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2845)
Comments
The status of L. donyanaensis as a separate species relative to L. ungulata appears controversial, when comparing the diagnostic characteristic between these two species with the known variability of the relevant structure in congeners such as L. leontina, L. ligona (Dunlop) and L. ludigii (Eckstein). However, the situation may not be the same as in these, where the common occurrence of several types of posterior projection has led to the conclusion that the phenomenon represents intraspecific variability without taxonomic significance. The situation here is probably one in which two clear cut taxa, one common, cosmopolitan and one rare, occur. It is, in fact, similar to the case of L. hamata (Stokes) and L. batillifer (Murray). In the light of above and until proof to the contrary, we concluded that L. donyanaensis n. sp. represents a separate species. (ref. ID; 2845)
Etymology
The species name -donyanaensis is derived from the name of the type locality, the Donana National Park. (ref. ID; 2845)
Lorica broader at anterior end. Dorsal plate with fold-like markings in preserved specimens. Toes short, bent laterally, narrowed at 3/5th of their length. (ref. ID; 1806)
On the posterior margin of the dorsal lorica a vault was conspicuous which is bounded by a strong ledge. (ref. ID; 2834)
Lecane dumonti n. sp. cannot be mistaken for any of the known species of the genus. It superficially resembles L. inopinata Harring & Myers, but the characteristic and unusually strong pattern of ridges ventrally and dorsally, the row of minute spinules on the inner side of the head aperture, the shape of the foot pseudosegment, the basally swollen toe, and the relatively long claws distinguish the species easily. (ref. ID; 2844)
Descriptions
Lorica with domed dorsal and flat ventral plate, separated by lateral sulci. Dorsal lorica anteriorly narrower, medially wider than ventral lorica. Head aperture dorsally and ventrally straight, rows of minute spinules present on the inner sides of the dorsal and ventral lorica. Ventral lorica nearly parallel-sided, slightly longer than wide, divided into an anterior part with a characteristic pattern of strong folds and a posterior region by a narrow transversal fold. Foot plate broad, with complicated pattern of folds. Coxal plates inconspicuous, foot pseudosegment entirely covered by the posterior margin of the ventral lorica. Foot pseudosegment expanded distally, with lateral extensions. Toes partly fused, with a characteristic dorsal basal swelling. Claws relatively long. Dorsal lorica variably domed, with an unusually strong pattern of ridges. (ref. ID; 2844)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2844)
Comments
This remarkable species was recently described from a single locality in Nigeria (Lake Oguta, Imo State: Segers, 1993), and can now also be cited from Brazil. The present specimens differ only slightly from Nigerian ones, in being smaller. (ref. ID; 2914)
Etymology
The species is named for Prof. Dr. H.J. Dumont. (ref. ID; 2844)
Length of dorsal plate 76; length of ventral plate 81; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 57; width of anterior end 55; foot 11; toe 25; claw 7 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica elongate, slender, and parallel-sided, anterior dorsal margin convex, anterior ventral margin nearly straight. Posterior segment very large. Second foot joint large and subsquare, projecting almost with its entire length beyond the lorica. Toes very long and slender, about one third of the total length, and slightly recurved. In the posterior third; claw nearly half as long as the toe, outcurved and slightly recurved, with a conspicuous laterally directed basal spicule. (ref. ID; 3180)
Body slightly elongate, compressed and parallel sided anterior, gibbous dorsally and rounded posteriorly. Anterior dorsal and ventral margins of the lorica straight and coincident; with two moderately large spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate broad with four longitudinal ridges on the surface, and the ventral narrow and its sides ill-defined without prominent surface markings. Posterior segment long and narrow, projects beyond the dorsal plate. Coxal plates round and indistinct. Food does not extend beyond the lorica; first foot joint elongate and cylindrical and the second prominent and subsquare. Toes slender, parallel sided, tapering into small pointed claw without basal spicule. The species resembles L. flexilis Gosse, but differs by the characteristic shape of anterior spine, anterior dorsal and ventral margins of the lorica, surface markings of dorsal plate, shape of the second foot joint and in the absence of basal spicule for the claw. Also, it resembles L. aspasia Myers in shape, but differs by the narrow ventral plate with ill-defined margins, shape of the second foot joint and shape of the coxal plates. (ref. ID; 690)
Measurements
Length of the body 98; length of dorsal plate 70; length of ventral plate 84; toes 28; claw 7; width of dorsal plate 70; width of ventral plate 56; at anterior region 63 µm. (ref. ID; 690)
The lorica is slightly flexible and generally ovate, its maximum width being about three quarters of its length. There are two minute anterior lateral spines. The dorsal plate is ovate and is broadly rounded posteriorly its anterior edge being straight to very slightly concave according to the state of contraction. The ventral plate follows the outline of the dorsal plate but is narrower with an anterior edge having a shallow shouldered sinus. There is a transverse surface marking in front of the first foot joint, and on some specimens there are two or three semi-circular markings on each lateral edge of the plate. The posterior segment is rounded and projects moderately beyond the dorsal plate. The co-axial plates are small and rounded posteriorly. The first foot joint is indistinct and somewhat reverse ovate. The second joint is sub-square. The toes are long, parallel, and terminate in fairly long acute claws, with strong basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3127)
Etymology
Lecane eylesi was collected by Mr. J. Eyles, in whose honour it is named. (ref. ID; 3127)
Type locality
This was collected from swampy pools at Hemokawa and Owenga, Chatham Island. (ref. ID; 3127)
Measurements
Total length 168; length of dorsal plate 106; length of ventral plate 118; width of dorsal plate 86; width of ventral plate 70; anterior margin 50; length of toes with claws 52; length of claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
L. fadeevi can be distinguished from L. psammophila by its different lorica: in L. fadeevi, the dorsal plate is medially wider, anteriorly narrower than the ventral plate, whereas the dorsal is consistently wider than the ventral in L. psammophila. L. fadeevi is closely related to L. closterocerca (Schmarda, 1859) and L. boliviana Segers, 1995 by its similar lorica. It is characterised by the antero-lateral corners of its ventral plate being angulate (with sharp, triangular spines in L. boliviana), and by the peculiar shape of it toe (bulging medially, with short terminal fissure in L. fadeevi, parallel-sided, occasionally with a weak constriction in the basal part, the tip smoothly tapering to a sharp point distally in L. closterocerca and L. boliviana). The species also has a relatively broader for pseudosegment than L. closterocerca. (ref. ID; 2418)
Descriptions
Lorica stiff, smooth or slightly ornamented. Dorsal plate anteriorly narrower, medially wider than ventral plate. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, slightly concave or straight. Antero-lateral corners angulate. Lateral edges of dorsal plate scarcely reaching anterior edge. Ventral plate longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and weak longitudinal folds. Lateral margins smooth or irregularly folded, slightly curved. Lateral sulci deep. Foot plate short, with rounded triangular coxal plates. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, posterior margin with median projection. Foot pseudosegment simple, slightly wider than long, scarcely projecting. Toe single, distinctly-bulging in the proximal half, then tapering to point. A short, scarcely visible terminal fissure present, no claw. Trophi malleate, modified. Fulcrum short, fan-shaped. Unci with weak preuncinal plates, and three unequal, fused teeth left and right. Manubria elongate, relatively wide in lateral view, with sharp, recurved distal hooks. (ref. ID; 2418)
Comments
Wiszniewski (1954) used a variant spelling of the species' name, 'fadeewi', instead of the original 'fadeevi' of Neiswestnowa-Shadina (1935). According to the rules governing Zoological Nomenclature, the spelling fadeevi is a correct original spelling (see Art. 32 (c)(ii), International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985). On the other hand, fadeewi can not be considered an 'incorrect subsequent spelling' (without further nomenclatural consequences), but is 'demonstrably intentional', as Wiszniewski (1954) consistently transliterated the Cyrillic letter 'B' to the Latin 'W' throughout his work (see Art. 33(b)(i)). L. fadeewi has therefore to be treated as an 'unjustified emendation'. As such, L. fadeewi (Wiszniewski, 1954) in an available name, and a junior, objective synonym of L. fadeevi (Neiswestnowa-Shadina, 1935) (Art. 33(b)(iii)). A similar situation is that of L. kutikowa Koste, 1972 and L. kutikova Koste, 1978. Obviously, such cases represent unnecessary nomenclatural complications, which should be avoided. (ref. ID; 2418)
Lorica elongate and rectangular; anterior margins not coincident. Anterior end of dorsal plate narrow and lunate, and anterior end of ventral plate formed into a deep sinus, the external angles of which appear as two spine-like projections. Dorsal and ventral plates of same width, and the posterior ends more or less straight. Foot unsegmented. Coxal plates absent. (ref. ID; 2599)
Comments
Lecane hamata is probably the closest relative of Lecane fernandoi. The anterior sinus in L. hamata is not very deep and therefore no spines are formed in the external angles. Further, the lorica of L. hamata is distinctly oval, with a gradual tapering towards the posterior end, and the dorsal and ventral plates of that species are not of the same width. Also unlike L. fernandoi, the coxal plates are clearly discernible in Lecane hamata. (ref. ID; 2599)
Etymology
This species is named after Dr. C.H. Fernando, Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. (ref. ID; 2599)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 81; length of ventral plate 88; width of dorsal plate 51; width of ventral plate 48; width at anterior end 33; toe 29 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
The body is subquadrangular. The anterior dorsal margin is convex; the ventral margin is slightly concave. There are prominent cusps at the external anterior corners. The dorsal plate is subquadrangular and truncate behind. The ventral plate is elongate, with slightly converging, nearly straight sides in the anterior half. The posterior segment is large, thick, and fan-shaped. It is rounded behind and set off from the rest of the body by a deep constriction. The lateral sulci are well developed. Coxal plates are lacking. The posterior foot segment usually does not project beyond the posterior segment, although in one specimen observed, it did project slightly. The single toe is fairly long, and is bulbous near the end. It ends in a minute spicule. (ref. ID; 2771)
Comments
It has a general resemblance to L. batillifer (Murray) and L. lamellata (Daday), but is easily separated from them by the shape of the anterior margins and toe. (ref. ID; 2771)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 72; length of ventral plate 96; length of toe 36; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 60; width of posterior segment 32 µm. (ref. ID; 2771)
The surface markings of this species are hard to distinguish and ought preferably to be studied from empty loricas. Such loricas are rarely found, however, and it is possible that details escaped Pejler in the pattern of the lorica of the two animals depicted in Figs.88-89, both of which were alive at the time of preservation. Even if we disregard Figs.88-89 in this essay, it is clear that the appearance of the lorica pattern varies considerably (cf. the drawings in Carlin 1939 and in the works referred to on p.18 in the same work, and Pax and Wulfert 1941, Fig.4a-b). For reason it is not at present possible to distinguish L. flexilis from closely related species by means of the lorica pattern. By its short body (when preserved in formalin!) L. flexilis can be distinguished from most other patterned Lecane species, including the closely related L. stichaea. However, this characteristic, too, is subject to variation. As far as the Lapland material is concerned more elongated specimens were sometime encountered, especially in two arctic waters. These specimens have a more stichaea-like appearance. In Voigt's (1956-57) identification table the characteristic distinguishing L. flexilis from L. stichaea is that in contracted animals the foot sticks out behind the lorica in L. stichaea but not in L. flexilis. How far the foot is drawn in varies in different flexilis specimens, however, and in one preserved individual from C 40 the posterior contour of the last foot joint coincident exactly with the edge of the lorica. (The latter specimens unfortunately got lost before Pejler had a chance to make a drawing of it.) On the whole, however, it was possible from the Lapland material to make a distinguish between L. flexilis and L. stichaea. The length of the lorica in L. flexilis varies between 75 and 85 µm. (ref. ID; 1450)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 58; length ventral plate 74; width dorsal plate 52; width ventral plate 44; anterior width 47; toe 12; claw 4 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of lorica 68-82; width of lorica 62-83; length of toes 22-31; length of claws 8-12 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
According to Myers 1940, L. galeata (Bryce) and L. pygmaea (Daday) are the same species, therefore the latter name falls before the former. (ref. ID; 3275)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 55; width of dorsal plate 45; length of ventral plate 52; length of toes 52; length of claws 4 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
The body has the approximate form of a truncated ellipse and in cross section of an elliptical tube with straight ant4erior edges, and on the anterior lateral edges are two minute spines. Several contracted specimens were found with a sub-square membranous head sheath protruded. The first foot joint is large and pyriform, the second joint subcircular. The toes are straight and terminate in slightly recurved claws. Distyla gissensis Eckstein is unrecognisable but Gosse examined a number of specimens thought to be Eckstein's animal, and although the description and figure in "The Rotifera" is not entirely satisfactory the animals collected from the Chatham Islands agreed in may respect with Gosse's description and sufficient to warrant assigning the specimens to this species rather than forming another species for them. Gosse states that the toes are rod like and expanded, but all the specimens examined had straight toe without any distyl expansion. (ref. ID; 3127)
Measurements
Total length 124; maximum width 58; length of toes with claw 26; length of claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
The dorsal anterior margin overlaps the ventral margin slightly and both are nearly straight. The toes are long, presenting a distinct constriction anterior to the claw. (ref. ID; 1312)
There seems to be some variation in the degree to which the coxal plates project beyond the ventral plate of the lorica. The lateral spines were absent from the toes of one specimen, but this character is known to be variable in other species of the genus. (ref. ID; 3160)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 132 um; length of ventral plate 140 um; width of dorsal plate 113 um; length of toes 52 um; length of claws 11 um. (ref. ID; 1312)
Lorica is ovate, anterior dorsal margin concave, ventral margin with deep-V-shaped sinus; with two triangular cusps present between the sinus and edges of the lorica. Dorsal plate is ovate and broader than the ventral. Posterior segment is small. First foot joint is indistinct, second subsquare. Toe is slender parallel sided for half its length and tapers into acute point without a claw. (ref. ID; 689)
Dorsal plate not facetted. (ref. ID; 2317)
Measurements
Total length 112; length of dorsal plate 70; length of ventral plate 84; width of dorsal plate 56; width of ventral plate 49; toe 28 um. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 112; length of dorsal plate 67-70; length ventral plate 71-84; width of dorsal plate 46-56; width of ventral plate 40-49; toe 24-28 um. (ref. ID; 696)
Total length 96 um. (ref. ID; 2282)
Length of dorsal plate 60; length of ventral plate 70; width of dorsal plate 50; width of ventral plate 36; length of toe and claw 24 um. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of dorsal plate 73; length of ventral plate 80; width of dorsal plate 58; width of ventral plate 49; toe 30 um. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length of dorsal plate 66; length of ventral plate 82; width of dorsal plate 56; width of ventral plate 53; width at anterior end 32; toe 32 um. (ref. ID; 2599)
One had a lorica 68 um long and the other was 80 um long; the toe of each was 32 um long. (ref. ID; 2683)
Length dorsal plate 65; length ventral plate 72; width dorsal plate 45; width ventral plate 40; toe 24 um. (ref. ID; 2704)
Total length 96; dorsal lorica length 65; width at the anterior extremity 39; widest part 54 (dorsal), 43 (ventral); toes 30 um. (ref. ID; 3083)
Total length 106; length of dorsal plate 66; length of ventral plate 76; width of dorsal plate 52; width of ventral plate 40; toe 30 um. (ref. ID; 3127)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 64-66; width of dorsal plate of lorica 50-64; length of ventral plate of lorica 67-72; width of ventral plate of lorica 48-50; length of toe 28-31 um. (ref. ID; 3275)
Both anterior points of dorsal lorica at head aperture are congruent with ventral lorica, therefore not visible. Whereas this aperture in type flat or deeply curved, in spp. it is a deep trapezoid notch, basally 8 um wide, bordered by light, curved lines. Lorica outline widely oval. Ventral plate smaller than dorsal plate. Toe gradually tapering from point f insertion at second foot segment. (ref. ID; 2758)
Comments
Morphologically, this ssp. shows several characteristics in agreement with L. (M.) sinuata Hauer, 1938. A similar rotifer also was described from India by Wulfert (1966) as L. arcuata (Bryce), however the notch between the anterior spines in this latter form are otherwise shaped, and significant differences are seen in the measurements. (ref. ID; 2758)
Measurements
Measurements (in um) are given in the following sequence: overall length, dorsal plate, ventral plate anterior transverse width, toe length, form of neck opening for each form of
L. hamata f. typica: 103-136, 61-88x52-66, 77-98x40-60, 18-30, 26-38 double semicircular.
L. hamata v. sinuata: 108-110, 74-76x53-55, 80-82x41-46, 21, 28, curved.
L. hamata v. arcuata: 100, 52x56, 70x40, 25, 28, semicircular.
L. hamata v. thienemanni: 113-123, 64-70x62-64, 77-88x46-55, 26-35, 33-34, ventral flat-concave, dorsal straight,
L. hamata victoriensis: 124, 84x64, 92x56, 24, 32, trapezoid.
In contrast to L. h. victoriensis, L. h. var. thienemanni has a characteristic horizontal dorsal lorica margin, and the toe is distended in the middle. (ref. ID; 2758)
Taxonomy of L. harringi and L. punctata (Murray) has been confused until recently. Using biometrical analysis, Jose de Paggi (1989) and Turner (1990) demonstrated that two closely related species exist. (ref. ID; 1312)
There is much confusion between these two species. De Ridder (1977, 1981) tried to bring order in the chaos, and considered L. punctata as neotropical, and L. harringi as pansubtropical. For Koste (1978) both species are synonyms, with priority for L. punctata. Recently, Jose de Paggi (1989) and Turner (1990) have taken up again, on a mathematical basis, the confusion between the two species. They both concluded that two species must be distinguished. The former author proposes the name L. deridderae for L. punctata as mentioned by Ahlstrom (1934), whereas Turner (1990) keeps on using the old names L. punctata and L. harringi. Judging from the original descriptions of L. punctata and L. harringi, we favor the solution proposed by Jose de Paggi (1989). Segers draws the attention to the fact, that L. deridderae is a junior homonym to L. deridderae Koste, 1972 and proposes the name L. margarethae for the species found in Florida and the Caribbean. (ref. ID; 2935)
This species has broad dorsal plate with anterior margin somewhat convex, external angles with two spines. Ventral plate with anterior margin straight. The posterior segment is small and the second foot joint projects someway beyond the lorica. The toes are long and straight, with a bulbous swelling near the end. (ref. ID; 1837)
Lorica broadly ovate, anterior dorsal margin very slightly convex, ventral margin straight. With two small anterior spines at the external angles. Posterior segment relatively small and rounded. Second foot joint subsquare, projecting beyond the posterior end of the lorica. Toes long and slender, more than one-fourth of the total length, straight, parallel-sided with a bulbous enlargement near the posterior end, and terminating in a long, slender, acutely pointed claw. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
L. hastata is probably related to L. crepida. The two agree in the peculiar structure of the lorica and the posterior segments and foot joints. (ref. ID; 3180)
Lecane hegurensis Yamamoto, 1951 (ref. ID; 3054 original paper) or 1956 (ref. ID; 2016)
See
Lecane hastata (ref. ID; 2016)
Descriptions
Lorica ovate in outline; dorso-ventral depth considerable; anterior margins coincident, slightly convex at central portion, almost straight at lateral portions, at external angles with small spines. Dorsal plate broadly ovate, parallel-sided anteriorly and slightly undulated and truncated posteriorly; two pairs of longitudinal ridges situated on dorsal surface. Ventral plate as wide as dorsal plate; lateral sulci ordinary; posterior segment broad and round, projecting considerably beyond dorsal plate. First foot-joint small and inconspicuous, second foot-joint comparatively short and subtrapezoid. Toes fairly long, terminating in acutely pointed claws. Claw long and slender, two-thirds of length of claw, very thin a d slightly incurved. (ref. ID; 3054)
Comments
This species resembles Lecane aspasia in some respects, but the dorsal ridges, the form of the second foot-joint, the toes, and the very small size of the lorica are the chief different features from L. aspasia. (ref. ID; 3054)
Type locality
This species is found among material collected by Mr. Mashiko on August 3, 1948 from a brackish-water pool on Hegura Island in the Japan Sea. (ref. ID; 3054)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 70 (82); width of dorsal plate 60 (75); length of ventral plate 85 (94); width of ventral plate 60 (75); width between anterior spines 55 (63); length of spine 6; length of toe without claw 15 (30); length of claw 13 (8); maximum height of lorica 46 um (dimension of Lecane aspasia in bracket). (ref. ID; 3054)
Lorica is broad, ovate and its width slightly greater than the length. Anterior margins are coincident and convex. Dorsal plate broader than the ventral and rounded posteriorly. Ventral plate with wavy ill defined margins. Posterior segment small and projects very little. Coxal plates are obtusely pointed. First foot joint parallel sided and the second is large. Toes long, stout gradually tapering to acute slightly incurved points without claw. (ref. ID; 689)
Lorica broadly ovate, its width greater than the length, anterior margins coincident and convex. Anterior spines absent. Posterior segment short, broad, and semicircular, projecting beyond the dorsal plate. Second foot joint very large, somewhat elongate, and projects considerably beyond the lorica. Toes long and fairly stout, one-fourth of the total length, very slightly tapering for about two-thirds of their length, terminating in long conical, acute points, very slightly outcurved, without any claw. (ref. ID; 3180)
Consideration of synonym
L. hornemanni is a variable species, especially in the following aspects: 1) Its size can vary considerably. 2) The presence or absence of knobby spheres on the dorsal and ventral lorica is also subject to variation. Hauer's (1938) figure of L. hornemanni shows a specimen with some spheres on the dorsal lorica. Wulfert (1966) also depicts such a specimen, and comments upon the specimen with "seltener Musterung des Ruckenplattes". 3) A projecting foot pseudosegment can be absent or present, depending on the degree of contraction of the specimen. 4) Due to the variable degree of stiffness of the lorica, it can deform by fixation forming artefacts. 5) The tips of the toes of L. hornemanni are asymmetrical, which can only be seen in lateral view or, when the toes are twisted, in ventral (or dorsal) view, thus depending on orientation. Therefore, the presence of "pseudoclaws" should, in this case, not be considered a good diagnostic characteristic. The original diagnosis of L. nodosa takes a combination of characters listed under (1) and (2) into account, together with a third diagnostic characteristic, which is the form of the foot pseudosegment. The latter can, however, not be appreciated on Hauer's (1938) drawings. As the remaining two characters vary independently, as is the case with the additional distinguishing characteristic listed by Koste & Shiel (1990), I conclude that L. nodosa is a synonym of L. hornemanni. This is in agreement with Koste (1988), but at variance with Koste (1978) and Koste & Shiel (1990). L. camptica and L. lamiranoensis are based on specimens which are laterally contracted, and the latter is reported to have "pseudoclaws". Berzins (1982) also takes the size of the animals under consideration. Another species described on laterally contracted animals is L. ceylonensis. As a consequence, those three names are here considered synonyms of L. hornemanni. (ref. ID; 2936)
Measurements
Total length 84; length of dorsal plate 70; width of dorsal plate 77; width of ventral plate 63; toes 28; width at anterior points 56 um. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 130; width of dorsal plate 96; width of ventral plate; toes 30 um. (ref. ID; 2281)
Length of dorsal plate 72; length of ventral plate 82; width of dorsal plate 85; width of ventral plate 72; width of anterior end 69; foot 15; toe 29 um. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 112; length of dorsal plate 78; length of ventral plate 80; width of dorsal plate 80; width of ventral plate 66; length of toes 30 um. (ref. ID; 3127)
Donner described it from fallen beech foliage and stressed its affinity to L. mitis, L. tudicola and L. depressa. In Koste (1978) L. hospes was not included in the keys, but again its relationship to other species was indicated, in comparing Donner's figures with those of the so-called related species, and taking into consideration the author's remark about his inability to detect the exact morphology of the head opening, it is very probable that Lecane hospes is identical with the variety L. depressa Bryce of L. levistyla. The former species is therefore considered a synonym of the latter. (ref. ID; 2935)
Measurements
Dorsal plate of lorica 75x50; ventral plate of lorica 78x35 um; length of toes 28 um. (ref. ID; 3275)
Length of ventral plate 60-62; width of ventral plate 39-40; length of toe with claw 22-23; length of claw 10-11 µm. (ref. ID; 3036)
Length of lorica (contracted) 60-80; width of lorica 36-48; length of toes 30-44; length of claws 10-12 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Lorica is broadly ovate, anterior dorsal and ventral margins are coincident. Dorsal plate is slightly truncate posteriorly, without any surface markings. Ventral plate is nearly of the same size as dorsal with several longitudinal and two transverse ridges. Posterior segment is small and projects little beyond the dorsal. First foot joint pyriform, the second subsquare and prominent. Toes are slender, straight, fused nearly 1/3 of their length, ending in claw. (ref. ID; 689)
Hauer (1938) and Wulfert (1966) stated that L. inopinata and L. sympoda could be variations of one species. Sharma (1978) and Dhanapathi (1976) considered L. inopinata as a distinct species. (ref. ID; 696)
Comments
It differs from L. sympoda Hauer, chiefly by the absence of spines at the anterior external angles, surface marking and length of toes. Very rare. It is true that species of Monostyla are unquestionably Lecane with fused toes, but still more evidence is necessary to finally combine Monostyla with Lecane. (ref. ID; 689)
As seen in the synonymy, we do not consider L. sympoda Hauer, 1929 as a good species. The distinction between inopinata and sympoda rests upon a) the absence of an ornamentation on the dorsal plate of the lorica in sympoda; b) the toes fused in their basal fourth in sympoda, in their basal third in inopinata; c) the presence of hooks on the anterior edges of the lorica in sympoda; these are absent in inopinata. Wiszniewski (1931) has reported specimens from Spain, recorded as sympoda, in which no anterior hooks are present. He also adds an additional structural detail: small contraction of the toes somewhat based of the point of fusion. This detail is well visible in our material also. However, the toes are fused in their basal third, thus being more like inopinata. There consequently remains only one distinctive character between both: the absence of an ornamentation on the dorsal plate in inopinata. We regard this as an insufficient basis for preserving the name sympoda at the species level. Wulfert (1966) indeed reports specimens from India in which the fusion of the toes varies enormously, and in which the sculpturing of the plates is said to be different of that described by Hauer (1929). It is therefore quite conceivable that, under certain ecological conditions, this ornamentations may disappear completely. (ref. ID; 2825)
Measurements
Total length 84; length of dorsal plate 70; width of dorsal plate 70; width of ventral plate 63; toes 28; claw 7; width at anterior points 56 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 84; length of dorsal plate 70-75; length of ventral plate 80; width of dorsal plate 60-70; width of ventral plate 57-63; toe 25-28; claw 5-7; width at anterior points 56 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of body 80; length of toes and claws 23; width of anterior points 48 µm. (ref. ID; 2283)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 125-140; width of dorsal plate of lorica 90-105; length of ventral plate of lorica 75-94; length of toes 35-50; length of claws 10-15 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
It can be recognized by the posterior segment of the lorica which is much narrower than the dorsal plate. This distinguishes it from the similar but much smaller L. ligona. The dorsal plate is much smaller than the ventral one and is cut off straight at its posterior edge. First foot joint large and distinct, second one square. Toes short, spindle-like with conical points, inner edge smooth. (ref. ID; 2593)
Lecane kostei De Ridder, 1966 (ref. ID; 2823 original paper, 3275)
See
Lecane latissima (ref. ID; 2016)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 105; width of dorsal plate of lorica 100; length of ventral plate of lorica 102-103; width of ventral plate of lorica 73-75; length of toes 34-35; length of claws 8-10 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Lorica broadly ovate in outline, compressed dorsoventrally. Anterior dorsal margin concave, anterior ventral margin undulating and with a shallow median sinus. Dorsal plate almost circular, with maximum width in the middle and without any surface marking. Ventral plate with distinct external angles, marked by a distinct transverse fold in its posterior region; its ventrolateral angles produced into small lateral extensions. Posterior segment large, distinct, semicircular and projecting beyond the dorsal plate. Coxal plates large. First foot joint large, indistinct; second foot joint large, subsquare. Toes long, parallel sided along 3/4 of its length, then narrowing down and produced into long stout claws. Each claw with one basal spine. This species resembles Lecane luna, but differs from it in having (i) the dorsal plate smaller than the ventral plate, (ii) the anterior ventral margin undulating, (iii) a ventral plate with ventrolateral extensions, (iv) the posterior segment much larger, (v) toes not swollen at their bases. (ref. ID; 688)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 110; length of ventral plate 120; width of dorsal plate 112; width of ventral plate 115; anterior width 60; toe 42; claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 688)
Lorica firm and ovate, anterior margins nearly straight and coincident with two frontal spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate ovate and the ventral narrower, parallel sided. Posterior segment projects beyond the dorsal plate. Coxal plates are indistinct. First foot joint not clear and the second long and narrow. Toes are slender, long, parallel sided and ending in acute points. (ref. ID; 689)
The toes are proportionally shorter. The first foot joint is also wider, and the transverse ventral markings not so distinct. (ref. ID; 3127)
Measurements
Total length 140; length of dorsal plate 84; length of ventral plate 98; width of dorsal plate 70; width of ventral plate 56; toes 42 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 100; length of dorsal plate 64; length of ventral plate 70; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 52; width of anterior margin 48; length of toes 26 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
Lorica is pyriform, anterior dorsal margin slightly concave, ventral margin with a broad-V-shaped sinus; and with two triangular spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate is nearly of the same width and form as the ventral, rounded posteriorly without markings. Ventral plate is with a indistinct transverse fold in front of the foot. Posterior segment extends over the foot as a tail like projection, rarely with two long divergent spines. First foot joint indistinct and second subsquare. Toes are very long, straight, ending in a claw with basal spicule. (ref. ID; 689)
Lorica pyriform, anterior dorsal margin slightly concave, ventral margin with a broad V-shaped sinus. Two triangular spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate nearly of the same width and form as the ventral, the former being rounded posteriorly. Posterior segment extending over the foot as a tail-like projection. Toes very long, straight, ending in a claw with a basal spicule. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Total length 252; length of dorsal plate 154; length of ventral plate 182; width of dorsal plate 126; width ventral plate 126; toes without claw 112; claw 14 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 252; length of dorsal plate 154-170; length of ventral plate 182-200; width of dorsal plate 126-140; width ventral plate 126-150; toe 38-112; claw 12-14 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length dorsal plate 180; length ventral plate 205; width dorsal plate 140; claws 15 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 135; length of ventral plate 156; width of dorsal plate 97; width of ventral plate 108; width of anterior end 72; foot 15; toe 72; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Length of plate 138; toes 31 µm, spicules long. (ref. ID; 3181)
Length of dorsal plate 78; length of ventral plate 105; width of dorsal plate 82; width of ventral plate 90; width of anterior end 56; toe 29 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Lorica is oval, anterior margins coincident and slightly concave; with two stout spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate is oval truncate posteriorly with characteristic tesselations on the surface. Ventral plate is pyriform and narrower than the dorsal. Posterior segment is produced as a long triangular spine. First foot joint is narrow and overlaps the trapezoidal second joint. Toes are slender, parallel sided, ending in acute points without claws. (ref. ID; 689)
L. ludwigi is closely related to L. ohioensis. The difference of two species are size, shape of posterior segment and second foot joint. The posterior segment of L. ludwigi has a prolongation with the end abruptly truncated. (ref. ID; 1837)
The specimens were found with sharply pointed posterior projections, and others were found with blunt, truncated projections similar to those figured by Hauer (1937-8). (ref. ID; 2683)
The anterior margins have a deep sinus and are not coincident. The posterior segment of L. ludwigi shows wide variation. In the specimens studied from Ceylon the posterior segment was rounded with the projection blunt and truncate. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica oval, anterior margin with two stout spines at the external angles. Posterior portion of lorica is almost rounded and projecting into a spine. Toes are slender, parallel and ending in acute points without claws. (ref. ID; 2867)
Measurements
Total length 154; length of dorsal plate 112-120; length of ventral plate 140~166; width of dorsal plate 70-78; width of ventral plate 63-68; toe 42-44; width of anterior margins 42 µm. (ref. ID; 689, 696)
Length of dorsal plate 108; length of ventral plate 138; width of dorsal plate 78; width of ventral plate 72; width of anterior end 51; toe 42 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
The lorica was about 120 µm in length, including the posterior projection, and the toes were 37 µm long. (ref. ID; 2683)
Length of dorsal plate 97; length of ventral plate 138; width of dorsal plate 75; width of ventral plate 71; width of anterior end 49; foot 15; toe 44 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 240; length of lorica 180; maximum width 125; length of toes 80 µm. (ref. ID; 2867)
Total length 158; dorsal lorica length 110; width at the basis of occipital lateral spines 48-58; widest part 65-78; distance between caudal protuberances at the base 20-22; height at the base of frontal spines 38; highest part 50-58; caudal projection or protuberance 30; toes 38-50; claw 10-12 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Lorica oval. Anterior margins coincident and slightly concave; two fairly long, stout spines at the external angles. Dorsal plate marked with four transverse rows of coarse tesselations. Posterior segment produced as a long triangular spine. Toes long and slender, one-fourth of the total length, parallel-sided, ending in acute, conical points without claws. (ref. ID; 3180)
Brachionus luna Blainville, 1830 (ref. ID; 3271) or Bleinville, 1830 (ref. ID; 3688); Cathypna latifrons Gosse, 1887 (ref. ID; 3271); Cathypna luna Gosse, 1886 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2757, 2841, 3208, 3271, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3141) or (O.F. Muller, 1776) (ref. ID; 3514); Cercaria luna O.F. Muller, 1776 (ref. ID; 1345, 2016, 2276, 2317, 3058, 3271, 3275, 3514, 3688); Euchlanis emarginata Eichwald, 1847 (ref. ID; 2016); Euchlanis luna Ehrenberg, 1832 (ref. ID; 1345, 3271, 3688); Furcocerca luna Lamarck, 1815 (ref. ID; 3688) or Lauterborn, 1815 (ref. ID; 3271); Furcularia jobloti Bory de St. Vincent, 1827 (ref. ID; 2016); Lecane dorsicalis Arora, 1965 (ref. ID; 2016); Lecane emarginata (Eichwald, 1847) (ref. ID; 2016); Lecane jobloti (Bory de St. Vincent, 1827) (ref. ID; 2016); Lecane luna balatonica Varga, 1945 (ref. ID; 2016); Lecane luna Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 2016) or Nitzsch, 1827 (ref. ID; 1345, 3058, 3271); Lecane submagna De Ridder, 1960 (ref. ID; 2016); Trichocerca luna Bory de St. Vincent, 1826 (ref. ID; 3271, 3688)
Diagnosis
This species is very common in the littoral of many lake and ponds and shows a wide range of variation. (ref. ID; 2559)
Descriptions
The ventral sinus is more broadly rounded than usual. Owing to the preserving method employed, there was a wide range of specimens having the same morphological characteristics except for the anterior margins, and the anterior lateral sulci. The lorica of L. luna is more flexible than generally thought, and it is considered, from the material examined, that the variations of this species which have been described may be due to the state of contraction the specimens. (ref. ID; 2317)
The anterior margin does not have a deep, lunate sinus. The dorsal and ventral plates of the same width. The end of toes have a slight swelling and resemble those given in the drawing of Donner (1954). (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica elongated, anterior margin with broad 'V' shaped sinus and with two lateral spines observed only in Morar sewage channel. (ref. ID; 2867)
Lorica broadly pyriform or subcircular. Dorsal and ventral plates with a deep lunate anterior sinus. The lunate anterior sinus cuspidate at its external angles. Posterior segment very small and rounded, projecting very little beyond the dorsal plate. Toes parallel-sided, about one-third of the total length, terminating in a distinct claw, with a minute basal spicule. (ref. ID; 3180)
Male: (ref. ID; 3071)
Quote from ref. ID; 3071
Comments
It is considered that Lecane papuana (Murray) 1913, which was described from a single specimen is probably a partly contracted individual of the species Lecane luna. The few animals found in this habitat and which are described as L. papuana showed no differences apart from the anterior margin which would differentiate them from Lecane luna. As in the case of the allied genus Euchlanis, the anterior margin appears to be an unreliable specific characteristic for the identification of the Lecanes. (ref. ID; 2317)
Measurements
Total length 168; length of dorsal plate 112; length of ventral plate 126; width of dorsal plate 112; width of ventral plate 112; width at anterior points 70; toes 42; claw 7 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 168; length of dorsal plate 112-125; length of ventral plate 126-135; width of dorsal plate 112-117; width of ventral plate 107-112; width at anterior points 70-75; toe 35-42; claw 7-9 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Measurement of fully contracted specimens: Length of dorsal plate 106; length of ventral plate 116; width of dorsal plate 96; width of ventral plate 86; width dorsal sinus 40; width of ventral sinus 54; length of toe and claw 40; length of claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of dorsal plate 123; length of ventral plate 129; width of dorsal plate 105; width of ventral plate 99; width of anterior end 69; toe 39; claw 15 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length dorsal plate 118; length ventral plate 125; width dorsal plate 108; width ventral plate 90; toes 32; claws 8 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 128; length of ventral plate 135; width of dorsal plate 111; width of ventral plate 111; width of anterior end 96; foot 18; toe 42; claw 12 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 230; length of lorica 140; maximum width 130; length of toes 70 µm. (ref. ID; 2867)
Total length 150-220; dorsal lorica length 60-80; width at the basis of occipital lateral spines 70-94; widest part 110-128; toes 50-70; claw 10-24 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Length of lorica 150; width of lorica 115; depth of dorsal sulcus 15; depth of ventral sulcus 20; length of toes 35 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Dorsal lorica length 103; dorsal lorica width 112; ventral lorica length 142; ventral lorica width 112; frontal margin width 42; toes & claw 60; claw 16 µm. (ref. ID; 4606)
Lorica broadly ovate, anterior margin of dorsal plate narrow, with a V-shaped sinus. Ventral margin wide, the sinus deep, occasionally with minute, lateral cusps opposite the anterior points of the dorsal plate. Posterior segment large and rounded, projecting considerably beyond the dorsal plate. Toe very long, almost half of the total length, straight, and parallel-sided. Claw long and slender, acutely pointed; two minute spicules found at the base. (ref. ID; 3180)
This common form agrees with description and figures of Monostyla lunaris Ehrenberg, except that the toes is not protruded between two spines, but the foot passes without break into the toes. The foot is unjointed, so that this is not the Monostyla quennerstedtii of Bergendal. I have not considered this variation to be of sufficient importance to separate my form from the common one. (ref. ID; 3295)
The claw is quite clearly double, which agrees with von Hofsten (1909) though most authorities infer a single undivided claw. (ref. ID; 3334)
Comments
This species varies greatly in size, shape of lorica and toes, which may or may not have claws, with or without spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
Consideration of synonymy
L. lunaris arthrodactyla was described as a subspecies by Berzins (1982). It is clear that contributing even an infrasubspecific status to this "taxon" is spurious, as the "Segmentbildung am Zehenende" is a frequent conservation artefact (Koste 1978). (ref. ID; 2936)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 68; length ventral plate 76; width dorsal plate 66; width ventral plate 60; toe 40; claw 8 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Total length of about 160 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
The lorica length was 97 µm, and the toe was 55 µm long including the terminal claw of 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2683)
Length of dorsal plate 129; length of ventral plate 144; width of dorsal plate 99; width of ventral plate 93; width of anterior end 60; foot 15; toe 54; claw 15 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 168 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 105-112; width of dorsal plate of lorica 70-75; length of ventral plate of lorica 100-105; width of ventral plate of lorica 78-88; length of foot 54-60; length of claw 6-10 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
The dorsal plate was 128-140 µm long and 86-108 µm wide; the ventral plate was 130-147 µm long and 64-95 µm wide. The toe (without the claw) was 46-54 µm and the claw was 7-14 µm. (ref. ID; 3334)
Lorica dorsally and ventrally had the same width. Dorsal lorica concave and somewhat narrower toward the front. The ventral lorica has a deeper concave sinus frontally; the former with a broad-angar edge. The posterior lorica had a shallow sinus. Lorica covered the foot. Toe long, straight, with a claw. (ref. ID; 4606)
Very characteristic is the large size and the shape of the toes. (ref. ID; 3572)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 128; width of dorsal plate of lorica 92; length of ventral plate of lorica 105; length of toes 50; length of claws 10 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Length of lorica 240-250; breadth of body (lorica) 175-195; length of toes 102-103 µm. (ref. ID; 3572)
The lorica is egg-shaped, and the anterior margin of the ventral lorica is more deeply indented (up to 22 µm) than the dorsal lorica (up to 14 µm). The anterior tips of the dorsal lorica do not extend into the ventrally indented head section as in L. hamata, but run parallel with those of the ventral lorica and present, anteriorly, a small hook-like structure which is bent ventrally. The first segment of the foot is small and rectangular, The second, where the relatively long toes are inserted, is broad, thickened and oval in outline. The toe is straight, with parallel sides and only in the last third is it pointed. (ref. ID; 2808)
Measurements
Total length 133-148; dorsal lorica length 90; dorsal lorica width 72; ventral lorica length 95; ventral lorica width 50; toe length 43; distance between the anterior spines 14 µm. (ref. ID; 2808)
The lorica is egg-shaped, and the anterior margin of the ventral lorica is more deeply indented (up to 22 µm) than the dorsal lorica (up to 14 µm). The anterior tips of the dorsal lorica do not extend into the ventrally indented head section as in L. hamata, but run parallel with those of the ventral lorica and present, anteriorally, a small hook-like structure which is bent ventrally. The first segment of the foot is small and rectangular, The second, where the relatively long toes are inserted, is broad, thickened and oval in outline. The toe is straight, with parallel sides and only in the last third is it pointed. (ref. ID; 2808)
Measurements
Total length 133-148; dorsal lorica length 90; dorsal lorica width 72; ventral lorica length 95; ventral lorica width 50; toe length 43; distance between the anterior spines 14 µm. (ref. ID; 2808)
Lecane margalefi De Manuel, 1994 (ref. ID; 1312 original paper, 2016)
Descriptions
Illoricate rotifer. Body transparent, pyriform in outline and almost cylindrical in section. Anterior margin slightly variable according to contraction, mostly slightly concave ventrally, nearly straight dorsally. Dorsal part oval, truncate posteriorly. Ventral part slightly narrower posteriorly than dorsal part, rounded distally. Foot region broad, with rounded coxal plates. Foot pseudosegment not projecting beyond the posterior margin. Toes and slender, about one third of the total length; often slightly curved ventrad, terminating by a short, slender claw with a minute, curved basal spicule. Body length is variable (135-180 µm), with a flexible and transparent integument. It is related to L. luna (Muller), but has a more slender shape. The foot and toe structure are as in L. luna, with a similar relative toe length, and also terminated by a curved basal spicule. Shape and size are more similar to L. boorali Koste & Shiel. Ventrally, it is not as flat as most Lecane species; the rounded posterior margin of the ventral part projects slightly beyond the dorsal part. (ref. ID; 1312)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 1312)
Etymology
The species is named for Prof. Dr Ramon Margalef, who among other distinguished contributions to ecology, carried out the first investigations on the hydrobiology of the inland waters of the Balearic archpelago. (ref. ID; 1312)
Measurements
Total length (without toes) 134-178 (average 156); maximum width 94-125 (average 109); maximum depth (width of sagittal plane) 88-116 (average 104); toe length 50-64 (average 56); claw length 7-10 (average 8) µm. (ref. ID; 1312)
The original descriptions do not permit any conclusion nor a reliable diagnosis to be formulated, or were based on badly contracted animals. (ref. ID; 2016)
Comments
Comparing my (Riikoja) sketch with Harring and Myers' description and figure (Lecane hastata Murray), it became evident that my animal resembles those only in general, differing widely in details. It cannot be overlooked that the posterior segment of my animal is largely different from that in the figure of Harring & Myers, as it is rather well developed and its shape is nearly semi-circular, while that of Lecane hastata Murray is "relatively small and rounded". The shape of the foot is also different: while the posterior segment of my animal projects some distance over the base of the toes, the second foot joint of Lecane hastata projects "beyond the posterior end of the lorica". The difference in the shape of the toes, which in Lecane hastata "are long and slender, more than one fourth of the total length, straight, parallel-sided with a bulbous enlargement near the posterior end, and terminating in along, slender, acutely pointed claw" is especially noticeable. The toes of my animal are straight, stout, parallel-sided for about 3/5 of their length, and taper to acute points. About Lecane hastata Harring & Myers remark that "the specimens from Barrows show a very faint tessellation towards the anterior edge of the dorsal plate". The entire dorsal plate of my animal was conspicuously more or less equally granulated as shown in the upper left-side angle of my figure. Considering these remarkable dissimilarities between Lecane hastata Murray and my animal and the circumstance that the latter does not correspond to the description of any species of Lecane in the literature accessible to me, I assume that I am dealing here with a new species, which I name Lecane matsaluensis. (ref. ID; 3379)
Type locality
The species found in the bay of Matsal on July 24th 1920. (ref. ID; 3379)
Measurements
Length from the anterior margin of the dorsal plate to the posterior edge of the posterior segment 100 µm, the small spines at the external angles of the lorica 5 µm, visible part of the toes 27 µm. (ref. ID; 3379)
The outline of the body is broadly ovate, and the depth of the body is nearly three-quarters of its length. The anterior dorsal margin is straight to very slightly concave. The ventral anterior margin has a sharp V sinus which is approximately one-sixth of the body length. The dorsal plate is ovate and broadly rounded posteriorly with no surface markings. The ventral plate is slightly narrower than the dorsal plate and is ovate. The lateral sulci are shallow and ill-defined. The posterior segment is large, rounded, and projects beyond the dorsal plate. The first foot joint is indistinct, the second joint is large and conical and does not project beyond the lorica. The toe, which is about two-sevenths of the body length, is stout and conical without a claw. The co-axial plates are broadly rounded. (ref. ID; 3521)
Comments
Lecane mawsoni does not appear to be closely related to any of Lecane spp. but its nearest relative is probably Lecane arcuata from which it differs in both the anterior and posterior portions of the body, the deep V-sinus, and the shape of the toe. (ref. ID; 3521)
Etymology
Lecane mawsoni has been named in honour of Sir Douglas Mawson, leader of the Expedition, and it the first Lecane sp. to be found in Antarctic waters. (ref. ID; 3521)
Type slide
No. 112 has been deposited at the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, N.Z. (ref. ID; 3521)
Measurements
Total length 90; length of dorsal plate 62; length of ventral plate 70; width of dorsal plate 48; width of ventral plate 44; width of anterior dorsal margin 16; width of ventral margin 20; length of toe 20 µm. (ref. ID; 3521)
Length of dorsal plate 75; length of ventral plate 78; width of dorsal plate 69; width of ventral plate 61; width of anterior end 57; toe 25 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Lecane minuta Segers, 1994 (ref. ID; 2016, 2922 original paper, 7855)
Diagnosis
L. minuta n. sp. is diagnosed by its relatively broad lorica, with a consistently broader dorsal than ventral plate; its simple, non-projecting foot pseudosegment, preceded by a narrow, elongate prepedal fold; and by its single toe, which is parallel-sided basally, tapering to a point from midway onwards, and being split in two over the distal two thirds. (ref. ID; 2922)
Descriptions
Female: A loricate species. Dorsal plate as wide as long, wider than ventral plate, smooth or irregularly folded. Head aperture margin coincident, straight or slightly convex, antero-lateral corners rounded or angulate. Ventral plate smooth, slightly longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and longitudinal folds, lateral margins smooth or irregularly undulate, slightly curved or nearly straight. Lateral sulci shallow, more pronounced in the posterior part. Foot plate broad, rounded posteriorly, coxal plates rounded. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, with median projection. Foot pseudosegment simple, not projecting. Toes fused over basal half, parallel-sided basally, tapering from medially onwards. Trophi; Fulcrum short, stab-like, curved. Rami nearly symmetrical, with strong anterior processi, expanded laterally. Unci consist of two fused, subequal teeth, bearing a large dorsal lamella, and anteriorly a minute process on the first tooth. Soft preuncinal plates present. Manubria elongate, with strongly curved distal tips, their shaft expanded dorsoventrally, forming a broad lamella. (ref. ID; 2922)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2922)
Comments
L. minuta n. sp. has the general pyriformis (Daday), but is easily recognised by its split toe. It also resembles L. uenoi Yamamoto, whose toes bear distinct, completely separated claws. (ref. ID; 2922)
Etymology
The species name minuta is an adjective, and refers to the species' minute size. (ref. ID; 2922)
Type locality
Roadside pond along Sungai Akar Road, close to Bandar Seri Bagawan, the Sultanate of Brunei (4 degrees 57'N-114 degrees 56'E), 14 April 1933, leg. H.J. Dumont. (ref. ID; 2922)
Cathypna mira Murray, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 1351, 2016, 3688); Lecane islandica De Ridder, 1967 (ref. ID; 2016); Lecane mira Harring & Myers, 1926 (ref. ID; 1345, 2016)
Descriptions
The dots have been observed on the plates. The anterior dorsal margin is very finely toothed. (ref. ID; 3036)
Comments
In appearance and size specimens from the different waters vary only very slightly. Von Hofsten (1923, pp.860-861) mentions the closely related L. luna (Mull.) as a common species in the Scandinavian fjell region, while L. mira is not mentioned. Pejler have not come across L. luna. However, since L. mira was not classified as a separate species at the time von Hofsten made his investigation it seems likely that he was in fact dealing with L. mira. (ref. ID; 1450)
Measurements
Total length 190; length of ventral plate 160; width of ventral plate 90; length of dorsal plate 122; width of dorsal plate 100; width between anterior spines 63; length of toes, without claw 41; length of claw 12; length of distal foot joint 13; width of distal foot joint 19; length of anterior spines 5 µm. (ref. ID; 3036)
The lorica is ovate, ventral plate pear-shaped. Frontal margins straight and coincident. Surface marking very faint. Anterior spines slender and curved, not stout as described originally. The second pair of small spines could not be seen. Second foot joint large and square, toes slender and pointed. Claw and basal spicule absent, unlike in original description. (ref. ID; 2593)
The specimens did not correspond to the figure given by Harring & Myers (1926 Pl.34:1-2). The lorica was not so subcircular, but more elongated and the toes not so attenuated. The Tasmanian forms showed more conformity with the taxon drawn by Hauer (1925: Fig.8). The toes are very straight and the terminal claws curve outwards. (ref. ID; 2886)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 49; length ventral plate 53; width dorsal plate 48; width ventral plate 40; toe 20 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 56; length of ventral plate 62; width of dorsal plate 55; width of ventral plate 41; width of anterior end 45; toe 23 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Dorsal plate 61; ventral plate 68; lorica width 58; anterior margin 43; toes incl. claws 28-29 µm. (ref. ID; 2886)
Length of lorica 54-62; width of lorica 50-64; width of anterior margin 40-52; length of toes 21-27 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Dorsal lorica length 4; dorsal lorica width 44; venral lorical length 52; ventral lorica width 52; frontal margin width 36; toe 30 µm. (ref. ID; 4606)
L. nelsoni n. sp. is diagnosed by the following charaters. Its lorica is nearly as wide as long, with a consistently broader dorsal than ventral plate, separated by clear lateral sulci; its foot pseudosegment is nearly rectangular, non-projecting and preceded by a narrow, elongate prepedal fold; its toes are parallel-sided, tapering distally. (ref. ID; 2922)
Descriptions
A loricate species. Dorsal plate wider than ventral plate, smooth. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, straight, slightly concave or convex, with rounded antero-lateral corners. Ventral plate slightly longer than wide, with weak, incomplete transverse and longitudinal folds, smooth. Lateral margins of ventral plate curved, irregularly undulate. Lateral sulci present, more pronounced posteriorly. Foot plate broad, coxial plates rounded triangular. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, with median projection. Foot pseudosegment rectangular, covered. Toes long, parallel-sided, smoothly tapering distally. No claws. Trophi: fulcrum short, fan-shaped. Rami asymmetrical, with strong anterior processi, expanded laterally. Unci consist of two fused, subequal teeth, bearing a dorsal lamella. Preuncinal plates present. Manubria elongate, with strongly curved distal tips, their shaft expanded dorso-ventrally into a broad lamella. (ref. ID; 2922)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2922)
Comments
L. nelsoni n. sp. belongs to the L. hornemanni-group, that includes L. hornemanni (Ehrenberg), L. latissima Yamamoto and L. ruttneri Hauer. The two last-mentioned species bear clear, though incompletely separated claws on their toes, which distinguish them from L. hornemanni and L. nelsoni n. sp. These two differ by the following characters: (1) lateral sulci nearly absent in L. hornemanni, distinctly present in L. nelsoni n. sp.; (2) toes of L. hornemanni are shorter than those of L. nelsoni n. sp. and (3) toe tips of L. hornemanni asymmetrical, those of L. nelsoni are symmetrical. An examination of the trophi structure of species in the L. hornemanni-group was performed in an attempt to use this structure in resolving the taxonomy of the group (L. nelsoni, L. hornemanni, L. latissima). The trophi structure of these species was also compared with that of, amongst others, the three other species described here. As can be Seen, differences between the trophi of L. nelsoni n. sp., L. hornemanni and L. latissima are apparent, especially in the shape of the unci and manubria. The shape of the epipharyngeal plates, preuncinal teeth, and other accessory trophi elements cannot be considered, due to their vulnerability to dissolvents. Moreover, the variation caused by minor changes in observation angle was strikingly large. Although of a preliminary nature, as no attempt was made to assess the degree of intraspecific (intra- and interclonal) variability of trophi characters, it appears that these may turn out to be useful in taxonomic studies of the Lecanidae. It is doubtful, however, that such characters will be applicable in routine identification, due to the difficulty of observing these structures. (ref. ID; 2922)
Etymology
The species is named after Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos Silva, who collected the material. (ref. ID; 2922)
Type locality
Temporary inundation pond of the Rio Mucajai, (a tributary of Rio Branca), near Mucajai, Roraima, Brazil (2 degrees 28'N-60 degrees 54'W). 25 June 1987, leg. E.N.dos Santos-Silva. (ref. ID; 2922)
The Lecane nigeriensis n. sp. resembles L. lunaris (Ehrenberg), but is distinguished by the totally different head aperture. The biconvex anterior ventral margin is unrecorded in the group of L. lunaris, the lateral margins of the dorsal lorica of the latter species always reach the anterior margin. In addition, the lorica of L. nigeriensis n. sp. is relatively long, the toe relatively short. The species, in fact, is much like L. elsa Hauer, the latter having separate toes. (ref. ID; 2844)
Descriptions
Lorica with almost flat dorsal and flat ventral plate, separated by lateral sulci. Dorsal lorica anteriorly narrower, medially as wide as the ventral lorica. Head aperture dorsally nearly straight, ventrally biconvex. Lateral margins of dorsal lorica not reaching anterior margin. Ventral lorica nearly parallel-sided, twice as long as broad, separated in an anterior, smooth part and a posterior region by a complete transversal fold. Foot region broad, coxal plates rounded, foot pseudosegment simple, not extending beyond the posterior margin of the ventral lorica. Relatively short toe single, bearing short, separated claws and accessory claws. Dorsal lorica smooth. (ref. ID; 2844)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2844)
Etymology
The species name is derived from the country where the species was found. (ref. ID; 2844)
The cuticula is relatively thin and flexible, so that the animal in contraction takes on a variable appearance. Yet the lorica is always broadly ovate, narrower at the posterior end. The anterior margin of the lorica is convex. The ventral and dorsal lorica is of equal width. The ventral lorica is a little longer than the dorsal plate one. All the characteristics of the American animals (Harring & Myers 1926) can be seen in my specimens, except that the toes have a small-scale difference; the toes (without a claw) are not straight, but bent outwards (as on Lecane calcaria). There is a small between the toes at their base. (ref. ID; 3036)
Measurements
Total length 62; length of ventral plate 56; width of lorica 55; length of toes 28 µm. (ref. ID; 3036)
Lecane nwadiaroi Segers, 1993 (ref. ID; 2016, 2844 original paper)
Diagnosis
L. nwadiaroi n. sp. belongs to the L. stenroosi-group, its closest relatives being L. unguitata (Fadeew), L. stevensae Hutchinson and L. blachei Berzins. Only L. blachei and L. nwadiaroi n. sp. have incompletely fused toes and an ornamented lorica. In the former, however, the toes are fused distally, leaving a medial fissure, whereas the toes are fused basally in the latter. (ref. ID; 2844)
Descriptions
Lorica with slightly domed dorsal and flat ventral plate, separated by conspicuous lateral sulci. Dorsal lorica nearly as wide as the ventral lorica. Head aperture dorsally straight, ventrally slightly concave, with characteristic anterolateral, rounded extensions. Ventral lorica rounded, divided entirely by transversal folds in anterior part with weak symmetrical pattern of folds and posterior part with foot plate. Foot plate broad, with small coxal plates and trapezoidal foot pseudosegment, not extending beyond posterior margin of ventral lorica. Toes fused over little more than half their length, claws relatively long, accessorial claws present. Dorsal lorica round, with weak pattern of folds, occasionally with spicules on lateral margins. (ref. ID; 2844)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2844)
Etymology
The species is named for Prof. Dr. C.S. Nwadiaro (University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria). (ref. ID; 2844)
Length of dorsal plate 76; length of ventral plate 82; width of dorsal plate 76; width of ventral plate 64; width of anterior end 60; foot 11; toe 26; claw 11 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
The dorsal lorica was ornamented and the caudal processes presented a fish-tail form. (ref. ID; 1312)
The anterior margin is not coincident and the spines at the external angles are not very prominent. The posterior segment rounded and the median projection is small and truncate. Ceylonese forms are larger than the ones described by Harring & Myers (1926) from the United States. (ref. ID; 2714)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 100; length ventral plate 128; width dorsal plate 75; width ventral plate 68; anterior width 52; toe 34 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 99; length of ventral plate 126; width of dorsal plate 78; width of ventral plate 69; width of anterior end 51; toe 33 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 120; length of ventral plate 135; width of dorsal plate 99; width of ventral plate 93; width of anterior end 54; foot 15; toe 39 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
All taxa are distinguishable by the different appendices of the ventral lorica plate. There are, however, intermediate forms to L. ludwigi and also to L. ohioensis. The present population is uniform. The appendices are all short, slightly narrowed laterally before the end (marked by a convex line). Such a taxon was described as Cathypna appendiculata by Levander in 1894, Koste (1978) called the brackish water rotifer Lecane ohioensis f. appendiculata (Levander), 1894. In view of its specific ecological demands we probably are justified in changing its rank to that of spp. (ref. ID; 2886)
Length of dorsal plate of lorica 63; width of dorsal plate of lorica 52; length of ventral plate of lorica 63; width of ventral plate of lorica 67; length of toe 22 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Lecane ozensis Yamamoto, 1953 (ref. ID; 3055 original paper)
See
Lecane paradoxa (ref. ID; 2016)
Descriptions
Outline of lorica oval; anterior margins coincident and slightly convex, no anterior spine; dorsal plate oval, posterior margin rounded, without surface pattern; ventral plate rather long, but narrower than dorsal plate, nearly parallel-sided anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, with simple longitudinal surface striae; first foot-segments elongated; second foot-segment large and almost subcircular, slightly projected beyond ventral posterior margin; toes long and slender, fused together just at base, each terminated in an acute point without claw. (ref. ID; 3055)
Comments
It resembles Lecane nana in some respects, but is quite different from the latter in the relative proportion of length and width of the loricae, the form of anterior margin and the feature of the toes. (ref. ID; 3055)
Type locality
Lecane ozensis was found among the Sphagnum. (ref. ID; 3055)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 62; length of ventral plate 69; width of dorsal plate 53; width of ventral plate 45; width of anterior margin 42; length of toe 39; length of fused portion 1.5 µm. (ref. ID; 3055)
The animal is similar to the type in shape, flexible integument, and toes, but has the following differences: The first foot joint is sub-parallel, broad, and has an obtusely pointed termination projecting over the second joint. The second foot joint is conical, and does not extend much beyond the posterior segment. The two short spines present on the posterior segment of the type are entirely absent, and there are two small coaxial plates narrowly rounded posteriorly. (ref. ID; 3127)
Measurements
Total length 118; length of lorica 86; width of lorica 84; length of toe and claw 32 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
Lorica is nearly subcircular, the anterior dorsal margin is straight, the ventral with a V-shaped sinus and its sides undulate. Ventral plate is slightly narrower than the dorsal. Posterior segment is very small and rounded. First foot joint is pyriform and second robust. Toes are slender, nearly parallel sided ending in stout, pointed claw with basal spicules. (ref. ID; 689)
Lorica subcircular, anterior dorsal margin straight, ventral margin with a V-shaped sinus, its sides being undulate. Posterior segment very small and rounded. Toes slender, nearly parallel-sided, ending in stout pointed claws with basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
Russell (1957) stated that L. papuana can be a variety of L. luna. Nayar (1968) observed that they are distinct. I support this view by the observations made on the specimens obtained, without any trace of intergrading. The anterior ventral margin is characteristic of L. papuana. It was reported earlier by Edmondson & Hutchinson (1934) from Kashmir, Pasha (1961) from Madras, and Nayar (1968) from Rajasthan. (ref. ID; 689)
Together with the typical forms was found a variety having a deeper ventral V sinus without lobes, the anterior dorsal edge being higher than the lateral edges of the sinus. In some cases the dorsal edge was convex. Russell (1957) suggests that Lecane papuana may be only a variety of Lecane luna caused by the partial contraction of the anterior edges of the animal due to the preservative. (ref. ID; 2385)
Type locality
This species was originally described from New Guinea. (ref. ID; 3513)
Measurements
Total length 126; length of dorsal plate 84; toes 28; claw 7; width of anterior margins 63 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 126; length of dorsal plate 110; length of ventral plate 114; width of dorsal plate 84-94; width of ventral plate 90; toe 28-35; claw 7-9; width of anterior margins 63 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length 110; width 85; toes 44 µm. (ref. ID; 2251)
Length of lorica 110; maximum width 90; width of anterior points 66; length of toes 40 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length of dorsal plate 99; length of ventral plate 108; width of dorsal plate 87; width of ventral plate 83; width of anterior end 66; foot 15; toe 21; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 280; dorsal lorica length 110; anterior median sinus 18-20 wide, 7-9 deep; width at the anterior extremity 64-68; widest part 84-90; toes 40 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Length 110 µm, breadth 90 µm, toes 40 µm. (ref. ID; 3387)
The lorica is ovate, anterior margins coincident, with two lateral cusps. The dorsal plate, which is wider than the ventral one, is truncate posteriorly. First foot joint elongated, second joint robust, wide. Coxal plates very large, pointed, toes long with claws. (ref. ID; 2894)
Lorica broadly ovate, its width four-fifths of length. Anterior margins coincident and straight, with slightly angular external angles. Posterior segment small and rounded, projecting somewhat beyond dorsal plate. Toe very long, about half of the total length, parallel-sided for most of its length, ending in a divided with two spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
The lorica is sturdy and tapers gradually to the foot. Anterior dorsal and ventral margins slightly conver. External angles bear two strong triangular, more or less erect anterior spines. Dorsal plate convex, smaller than ventral plate. Surface markings limited to two pairs of convergent wavy ridges, beginning near the anterior margin. Ventral plate moderately convex. Width of dorsal and ventral plates equal. Width of lorica nearly two-third the length of body. Anterior end widest tapering posteriorly with the sides of lorica slightly undulate. A well marked transverse fold present immediately in front of foot. Lateral sulci absent. Posterior segment distincts from main body. First foot joint large, second sub-square and does not project beyond the lorica. Toes long about one-third the length of lorica and tapers into fine point, without claws. (ref. ID; 2714)
Comments
L. plesiaides resembles L. crepida Harring, and L. plesia Myers, and has the general outline of these species. The lorica of L. crepida is however parallel sided in the anterior half of its length and tapers rapidly to the foot. It is also strongly gibbous posteriorly. The foot does not project beyond the lorica in L. crepida and the claws are absent. Although L. crepida and L. plesiaides are of approximately the same size, these morphological differences stand out clearly. L. plesia is also approximately the same size but differs from L. plesiaides in the following characters. The anterior spines at the external angles in L. plesiaides are more prominent and distinctly triangular whereas in L. plesia the spines are rudimentary. The lorica in L. plesiaides tapers gradually to the foot whereas in L. plesia it is more or less parallel sided for most of the length. The toes are also different in that the claws are absent in L. plesiaides. In view of all these differences and other structural characteristics different from other Lecane species we propose that this species be designated L. plesiaides sp. nov. (ref. ID; 2714)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 75; length of ventral plate 85; width of dorsal plate 50; width of ventral plate 50; width of anterior end 57; foot 8; toe 31 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
The anterior margins are coincident with small triangular spines at the edges. The foot is well inside the lorica. In Wulfert's (1966) drawings of Lecane ploenensis from India the foot is shown as projecting outside the lorica. This may be because of the varying degree of contraction. The design on the dorsal and ventral plates were not discernible. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica elongate oval, anterior margins coincident and straight, two small, cusplike spines at the external angles. Ovate dorsal plate slightly truncate posteriorly, with surface markings. Posterior segment rather small and rounded, projecting but little beyond dorsal plate. Toes very long and slender, about one-third of the total length, parallel-sided, straight on the inner edges and ending in acute points without claws. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 104; length ventral plate 110; width dorsal plate 85; width ventral plate 74; toe 48 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 108; length of ventral plate 114; width of dorsal plate 81; width of ventral plate 75; width of anterior end 60; toe 48 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 90; length of ventral plate 99; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 51; width of anterior end 54; foot 12; toe 36 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Length of lorica 142; toes 70 µm. (ref. ID; 3181)
Length 120 µm, toes 48 µm. (ref. ID; 3387)
The general outline of the lorica is apple-shaped. While the dorsal plate is nearly circular, it is markedly flattened laterally near the anterior and also across the frontal margin. The ventral plate is ovate and much narrower than the dorsal plate. Its anterior margin is slightly concave. The posterior segment is short and truncate. Although the two plates of the lorica are of equal length, the ventral plate projects considerably beyond the dorsal one posteriorly, thus separating the anterior margins. The coxal plates are broad but indistinct. The posterior foot joint is subquadrate and bears the single toe which is almost half as long as the dorsal plate. It is parallel-sided for about two thirds of its length, tapering posteriorly to sharp point. (ref. ID; 2772)
Comments
Lecane pomiformis most closely resembles L. pyriformis (Daday), but differs from that species in several details. The anterior margins are coincident in L. pyriformis rather than widely separated, and the proportions of the plates themselves and to each other are different. The toe is different in shape and proportion to the lorica. The most striking feature about L. pomiformis is the flattening of the antero-lateral corners which makes this species easily recognizable even under low powers of the microscope. The two species are figured side by side in order to faciliate comparison. (ref. ID; 2772)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 74; length of ventral plate 74; length of toe 35; width of dorsal plate 60; width of ventral plate 53 µm. (ref. ID; 2772)
This species belongs to the few taxa in the genus which do not have separate dorsal and ventral lorica plates, but a soft undivided integument. Hauer (1936), in a monograph on L. pumila, pointed out that rather than a notammatid, as initially described by Rousselet, this taxon is a Lecane which lives in algae and mosses of running waters. The localities in which this minute animal are found are widely separated. (ref. ID; 2886)
The anterior margin of the ventral lorica which is wider than the dorsal, slightly concave and descending at an obtuse angle at the external edge. (ref. ID; 1312)
This is generally considered a brackish water species. (ref. ID; 2317)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 60; length of ventral plate 72; width of dorsal plate 48; width of ventral plate 42; length of toe 28 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Lorica broadly ovate, its width four-fifths of length. Anterior margins coincident, straight for the greater part of their length and strongly rounded towards the edges of the lorica. Ventral plate ovate and considerably narrower than the dorsal. Posterior segment small and rounded projecting somewhat beyond the dorsal plate. Two very long, about half of the total length, parallel-sided for half of its length and tapering gradually to a slender, bristle-like point. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
Turkish specimens are large, compared to previously published data, and to specimens from other localities examined here. The variability in size seems not to reflect gradual differences, but turns out to be discontinuous. Similar, or even more pronounced, cases are known in the congeneric species L. bulla and L. quadridentata. As one can only guess at the origin of this variation, using preserved material only, it is impossible to contribute taxonomical significance to the observed morphological differences. Some variation in the shape of the anterior margin of the dorsal lorica was also recorded, even between animals from a single population. This margin is straight in some specimens, but convex in others. This can be the result of differential contraction of preserved animals: The former are well-contracted, the latter incompletely contacted. Apparently, this particular type of variation in shape has served as a diagnosis for both L. pomiformis Edmondson, 1938 and L. paraclosterocerca Pennak, 1939. In the former, the separation of the anterior margins is especially pronounced, and its anterior margin resembles that of the L. furcata specimen represented in Fig.2b. This particular specimen is extended rather than contracted, just as L. luna (O.F. Muller) f. submagna De Ridder (De Ridder, 1991). As a result, L. pomiformis Edmondson, 1938 is added to the synonymy of L. pyriformis, and the synonymy of L. paraclosterocerca Pennak, 1939 with L. pyriformis (Koste, 1978) is confirmed. (ref. ID; 6846)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 44 µm; length ventral plate 48 µm; width dorsal plate 48 µm; width ventral plate 38 µm; toe 20 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Total length 60-70 µm. (ref. ID; 2284)
Total length 80-90 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of body 54; width of body 48; length of toe 20 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length of dorsal plate 54; length of ventral plate 58; width of dorsal plate 44; width of ventral plate 37; width at anterior end 35; toe 25 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Dorsal lorica length 57-60; dorsal lorica width 55-56; ventral lorica length 60-62; ventral lorica width 44-46; toe 25 µm. (ref. ID; 4606)
Lorica a very elongated oval with coincident anterior margins bearing two small side-cusps. Toes very long and slender, pointed but no claws. The species is usually, but not always, of a deep rust colour. Our specimens were much smaller than those described by Harring and Myers (1926). Acidophi. (ref. ID; 2593)
Lorica is broadly ovate, anterior dorsal margin is narrow with median, pyriform sinus, flanked by two curved and decurved spines; ventral margin with V-shaped sinus and two frontal spines. Posterior segment is small and rounded. First foot joint is narrow and the second subcylindric. Toe is long, slender, parallel-sided and has faint annular constrictions, terminating in a long acutely pointed claw with basal spicules. (ref. ID; 689)
The anterior margins shows differences from hitherto known specimens. The dorsal plate has a deep sinus at the anterior end and is flanked by two stout slightly out curved spines witch are not of the same length. Ventral plate has a more or less 'V' shaped sinus. Posterior segment rounded and not covered by dorsal plate. Toe and claw long, claw ending in an acute point. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica elongate. Anterior margin of lorica with two well developed outwardly curved median spines. (ref. ID; 2867)
Lorica broadly ovate. Anterior dorsal margin narrow with a median, pyriform sinus, flanked by two stout outcurved and decurved spines. Ventral margin with a V-shaped sinus and two small frontal spines. Posterior segment small, rounded and not covered by dorsal plate. Toe long, slender, parallel-sided, with faint annular constrictions, terminating in a long acutely pointed claw with basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Total length 200; length of dorsal plate 126; length of ventral plate 140; width dorsal plate 84; width ventral plate 98; toe without claw 42; claw 14 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 200; length of dorsal plate 108-126; length of ventral plate 120-140; width dorsal plate 76-84; width ventral plate 80-98; anterior width 90; toe 42-50; claw 14-18 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 90; length of ventral plate 110; width of dorsal plate 64; width of ventral plate 74; toe and claw 60; claw 10 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Length dorsal plate 112; length ventral plate 128; width dorsal plate 75; width ventral plate 90; toe 50; claw 18 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 99; length of ventral plate 123; width of dorsal plate 71; width of ventral plate 75; width of anterior end 45; foot 18; toe 45; claw 21 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Total length 260; length of lorica 140; maximum width 120; length of anterior spine 30; length of toe with claw 80; length of claw 30 µm. (ref. ID; 2867)
Parthenogenetic female: Lorica relatively soft, irregularly folded through conservation. Dorsal plate consistently narrower than ventral plate, elongate. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, straight or with irregular notches. Antero-lateral corners armed with long, sharp and straight spines. Ventral plate longer than wide, generally parallel-sided, irregularly folded. No lateral sulci. Foot plate especially separated, coxal plates indistinct. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, distally with median projection. Foot pseudosegment short, not or scarcely projecting. Toes long and slender, nearly parallel-sided, slightly outcurved distally. Claws weakly curved, inserted eccentrically. This species appears close to L. eutarsa Harring & Myers, 1926 and relatives. (ref. ID; 2199)
Etymology
The species is named after Dr. R.J. Shiel (Albury, Australia), in recognition of his work on Rotifera. (ref. ID; 2199)
Lorica of the flattened truncate elliptical form typical of the genus: the whole animal in general form much like the Distyla inermis of Bryce (Science Gossip, Dec., 1892), though perhaps a little broader. But the lorica is marked both dorsally and ventrally by crescentic elevations, arranged in somewhat regular patters. On the ventral surface these are mostly in longitudinal rows, while on the dorsal surface the pattern is considerably more complicated and at the same time less regular. The two figures, from camera drawings, render a minute description of the arrangement of these elevations superfluous. The dorsal view shows not only the arrangement but also, so far as possible, the size and form of each the markings; in the ventral view the arrangement is accurate, but each elevation was not outlined separately with the camera. The toes are rod-like, tapering near the distal end on the outer side, so as to form an inner point - so that when the two toes are placed side by side only one point is formed. The internal anatomy offers nothing of interest. All distinctive characters of the animal are better indicated by the figures than would be possible by an extended description. (ref. ID; 3295)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 111; length of ventral plate 117; width of dorsal plate 87; width of ventral plate 75; width of anterior end 63; toe 51 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length about 22 mm. (ref. ID; 3295)
Dorsal lorica length 104; dorsal lorica width 58; ventral lorica length 112; ventral lorica width 58; fontal margin width 55; occipital thorn 5; toe 50 µm. (ref. ID; 4604)
Frontal margin straight so that no frontal median sinus recognized. A prominant grandular structure at the base of lateral spines, which are short and curved. (ref. ID; 3083)
Etymology
The name glandulosa is derived from the Greek for glandular, alluding to the possession of remarkable glands at the frontal corners. (ref. ID; 3083)
Type locality
Ritchie reservoir. (ref. ID; 3083)
Measurements
Total length 136; dorsal lorica length 110; width at the basis of occipital lateral spines 62-64; widest part 80-82; anterior lateral spines 5-6; toes 40 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Outline and configuration of the dorsal and ventral plates and the shape of the toes are more or less in correspondence with that of L. signifera signifera (Jennings, 1896). The configuration of the facets of the lorica are shown to be differently by various authors. In our material we have seen some ornamentation of the lorica, which are neither in correspondence with L. signifera f. typica nor with L. ploenensis f. typica, but instead form a morphological succession between these two taxa. We think that L. ploenensis cannot anymore be acknowledged as a distinct species. (ref. ID; 2834)
Lecane similis Russell, 1958 (ref. ID; 1709, 2016, 2284 original paper)
Descriptions
The integument is moderately flexible, but the body retains its shape. The anterior dorsal margin is straight to slightly convex. The ventral margin is very slightly narrower than the dorsal and also convex. The general shape of the animal is sub-circular with a truncated anterior portion, and this is the shape of the dorsal plate. The ventral plate is sub-oval and considerably narrower than the dorsal plate and has irregular lateral edges. The dorsal markings consist of a small transverse fold at about three-quarters of its length; the ventral markings are two short irregular longitudinal lines near its lateral edges at about one-third of its length. The lateral sulci are deep and irregular, and the posterior segment is moderately large and rounded. It extends beyond the lorica. The co-axial plates are rudimentary. The first foot joint is sub-square; the second joint is short and conical. The toes are heavily shouldered at the base, conical, and terminating in claws which may be straight or out-turned. The inner edges of the toes may be widely separated or close together; the variation probably being due to the state of contraction. (ref. ID; 2284)
Comments
Lecane similis has the general outline of Lecane palinacis Harring & Myers (1926) to which it is evidently related. It differs, however, in the following characteristics: the presence of a definite dorsal and ventral plate, and in having lateral sulci. The posterior section of the body is rounded, and the foot does not protrude beyond the lorica. The toes are longer and of a different form. This new species was found in reserve material collected by Mr. J. Eyles from Waitangi West, and Hemokawa, Chatham Islands. Russell (1953) described the specimens from Hemokawa as L. palinacis; this is incorrect as a re-examination of the slides shows the animal to be poorly preserved specimens of the new species showing, under transmitted light, separate plates and sulci, and with its characteristic toes. (ref. ID; 2284)
Measurements
Total length 134-140; length of dorsal plate 86-90; length of ventral plate 96-105; width of dorsal plate 82-86; width of ventral plate 66-70; width of anterior margin 36-40; length of toes and claws 36-40; length of claws 6-10 µm. (ref. ID; 2284)
Using the key by Koste (1978), L. simonneae n. sp. keys out to L. rhytida Harring & Myers. The latter species, however, has slightly concave ventral and dorsal anterior margins (straight in L. simonneae n. sp.) and has distinctly shorter toes, and a rounder lorica than L. simonneae n. sp. The new species is closet to L. eutarsa Harring & Myers new synonym: L. amazoniana Koste & Robertson = L. stichaea Harring var. amazonica Koste, 1978), and L. robertsonae nom. nov. The only character differentiating these three taxa is the structure of the toe: in L. simonneae n. sp. claws are absent, in L. eutarsa distinct, yet unilaterally separated claws are present whereas in L. robertsonae nom. nov. distinct and completely separated claws are present. (ref. ID; 2844)
Descriptions
Lorica with domed dorsal and flat ventral plate, separated by lateral sulci. Dorsal lorica anteriorly narrower, medially broader than ventral lorica. Head aperture dorsally and ventrally nearly straight, with conspicuous pointed antero-lateral spines. Ventral lorica nearly parallel-sided, divided by narrow transversal fold in anterior part with clear pattern of folds and posterior part with foot plate. Foot plate broad, with rounded coxal plates and elongate foot pseudosegment, extending well beyond posterior margin of ventral lorica. Foot pseudosegment with lateral extensions. Toes relatively long, parallel-sided, tapering distally to acute point. Dorsal lorica elongate, with clear pattern of folds. (ref. ID; 2844)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2844)
Etymology
The species is named after Mrs. S. Wellekens, secretary of Hydrobiologia, whom I accompanied to Nigeria. (ref. ID; 2844)
Lecane (Monostyla) spinifera Edmondson, 1934 (ref. ID; 2939 original paper)
See
Lecane spinulifera (ref. ID; 2016, 2760)
Descriptions
Body slightly elongated; anterior margins not coincident, with two large, prominent cusps; dorsal plate sub-circular, truncate anteriorly; ventral plate elongate, ovate; posterior segment of medium size, slightly indented; coxal plates long, pointed, projecting beyond posterior segment; toe small, slightly tapering, ending in claw. (ref. ID; 2939)
Comments
Monostyla spinifera has a superficial resemblance to M. batillifer from which it differs in the projecting coxal plates, general details of shape, and toe. This condition of projecting coxal plates is found only in Lecane calcaria and this species. (ref. ID; 2939)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 83; length of ventral plate 90; width of dorsal plate 79; length of toe 33 µm. (ref. ID; 2939)
The new species is diagnosed by the presence of subantero-lateral and ventral spines. It further has a relatively soft lorica, a non-projecting foot pseudosegment with rounded and dilated lateral parts, and a single toe. (ref. ID; 2922)
Descriptions
Female: Lorica relatively soft, easily deformed. Dorsal plate wider than ventral plate, smooth or with irregular folds. Head aperture margins coincident, straight or slightly folded, antero-lateral corners rounded. Ventral plate slightly longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and longitudinal folds, bearing a pair of ventro-posterior spines as prolongations of the longitudinal folds. Lateral margins of ventral plate smooth or irregularly undulate, nearly parallel-sided, with a notch in the anterior region. A pair of subanterior, forward-directed spines present on the ventral side of the pleural lorica. These spines can be hidden in the lateral sulci, but can also project, depending on the degree of contraction. No pronounced sulci laterally. Foot plate broad, rounded posteriorly, coxal plates indistinct. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, posterior margin with median projection. Foot pseudosegment simple, covered. Toes single, parallel-sided in proximal two thirds, smoothly tapering distally, with a median fissure, about one third of toe length. Trophi: fulcrum short, curved, stab-like. Rami asymmetrical, with strong anterior processi, expanded laterally. Unci consisting of two fused, subequal teeth, bearing a dorsal lamella. Preuncinal plates soft, easily dissolving epipharyngeal plates present. Manubria elongate, with strongly curved distal tips, their shaft expanded dorso-ventrally into a broad lamella. (ref. ID; 2922)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2922)
Comments
The presence of a pair of ventral and a pair of subantero-lateral spines are both unique in the genus; the species can therefore not be confused with any congener. (ref. ID; 2922)
Etymology
The species name spiniventris (adjective) refers to the unique subantero-lateral and ventral spines of the species. (ref. ID; 2922)
Type locality
Roadside pond along Sungai Akar Road, close to Bandar Seri Bagawan, the Sultanate of Brunei (4 degrees 57'N-114 degrees 56'E), 17 April 1993, leg. H.J. Dumont. (ref. ID; 2922)
Lorica is broadly oval, anterior dorsal margin straight, and the ventral has a shallow sinus with convex sides and two short, stout, incurved, hook-like frontal spines. First foot joint is indistinct and the second prominent. Toe is long, stout, tapering and ending in a pointed claw. (ref. ID; 689)
Lateral sulci very deep. (ref. ID; 2317)
The anterior dorsal margin is straight. Ventral margin has a shallow, rounded sinus and externally two stout, incurved frontal spines. Posterior segment small and rounded. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lorica broadly oval, its width about five-sixths of the length. Anterior dorsal margin straight and narrow. Ventral margin with a shallow, rounded sinus with strongly and narrow. Ventral margin with a shallow, rounded sinus with strongly convex sides and externally two short, incurved, hooklike frontal spines. Posterior segment very broad and rounded, its limits ill-defined. Toe long and stout, about one-third of the total length, slightly tapering and very slightly enlarged near the middle; the claw short, stout, acutely pointed, having two distinct basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Total length 168; length of dorsal plate 105; length of ventral plate 112; width of lorica 84; toe 42; claw 7; width at anterior points 42 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Length 115; width 87.5; toe 48 µm. (ref. ID; 2251)
Total length 160 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of dorsal plate 96; length of ventral plate 100; width of dorsal plate 81; width of ventral plate 81; width at anterior end 36; toe 36; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 120; length of ventral plate 126; width of dorsal plate 100; width of ventral plate 102; width of anterior end 45; foot 12; toe 36; claw 9 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Claw form: bent backwards, only inside edge indented by weak step. Anterior lorica: margin between anterior spines convex. (ref. ID; 2808)
Comments
Olofsson (1917, p.281) would not, presumably, have listed his new species, "Catyphna intrasinuata" if he had known of L. stichaea Harring (1913, p.397) described somewhat earlier. Despite this the name L. intrasinuata has survived, as Olofsson's form has been identified with the more fully described L. ephestra Harring (1921, pp.7-8). It is very difficult to ascertain by means of the literature with specific differences are supposed to exist between L. stichaea and "L. intrasinuata". In the only identification table that includes both species, i.e. Voigt 1956-57, they are distinguished by the fact that the posterior contour of the ventral plate is uniformly rounded ("gleichmassig abgerundet") in L. stichaea while in "L. intrasinuata" it is truncated ("abgestutzt"). However, a study of the drawings in the literature shows that the characteristic in question is subject to great variation within each of the "species" and not distinctive. Curiously enough Voigt's identification table is the only instance in literature where the two species are taken up for comparison. However, when the long descriptions in Harring and Myers (1926, pp.344 and 357) are compared, certain differences do appear: (1) The dorsal plate is in L. stichaea "truncate posteriorly", and in "L. intrasinuata" "rounded posteriorly". (2) The dorsal plate of the former has surface markings which are missing in that of the latter. (3) The foot joints are differently formed. A comparison of the picture in Harring and Myers' essay shows that there are also considerable differences in the pattern of the ventral plate. None of the above characteristics, however, appear invariably in the forms denoted in the literature as L. stichaea and L. intrasinuata, and there are transitional forms of all these characteristics. The accounts and drawings Pejler have consulted in this matter are as follows: Murray 1913, p.352 and Pl.14:30a-c, Harring 1913, pp.397-398 and Pl.35:4-6, Harring 1921, pp.7-8 and Pl.3:1-2, Harring and Myers 1926, pp.343 (L. methoria Harring & Myers are included in L. stichaea by Carlin, 1939) -344 and pp.357-358, Pl.19:1-4 and Pl.24:5-6, Olofsson 1917, p.281 and Fig.10, Rezvoj 1917, p.180 and Pl.1:11-12, Fadeew 1927, p.148 ("L. muscicola (Bryce)" and "L. methoria") and Pl. 1:1-4, Hauer 1929, pp.148-149 and Fig.4a-b ("L. methoria"), Hauer 1935, pp.82-84 and 86 and Fig.16a-b and 18a-b, Hauer 1958, pp.22-23 and Pl.1:12a-b, Carlin 1939, pp.22-23 and Fig.6a-b, Wulfert 1940, pp.574-575 and Fig.15a-d and Margalef 1955, p.148 and Fig.3a-b. Published accounts and drawings of L. saginata are considerably fewer than those of the two forms discussed above. As far as Pejler knows it has been present of only by Harring and Myers (1926, p.345 and Pl.19:5-6) and Pawlowski (1938, p.134 and Fig.7a-b). There is, however, every indication that the "species" is part of the variable array of forms which should, according to the above account, be collected under the name L. stichaea. As all the specimens Pejler dealt with were alive at the time of fixing the body contents greatly diminished he possibilities of distinguishing the pattern of the lorica. However, in those cases where the body contents formed no obstruction it appeared that the pattern varies in intensity in different specimens and different populations, evidently a common phenomenon among the loricate rotifers. This is presumably one of the reasons why L. stichaea, "L. intrasinuata" and "L. saginata have been classified as separate species. In Pejler Lapland material the length of the lorica in L. stichaea (s.l.) varies between 90 and 105 µm. The appearance of the toes differs: Usually the tips are so sharply hollowed out on the inner side that claws are formed. This hollowing out is sometime considerably less pronounced, however, and on occasion hardly discernible. Sometimes the claws are curved up toward the dorsal side, as in L. flexilis. As far as size, the form of the lorica and the form of the toes are concerned, the difference between L. flexilis and L. stichaea is less in the arctic area than in the birch forest belt. (ref. ID; 1450)
Lecane aspasia Myers, 1917 (ref. ID; 2808); Lecane stichaea after Koste, 1981 (ref. ID; 2808); Lecane stichaea f. stichoides (Hauer 1938) after Koste, 1978; (ref. ID; 2808)
Diagnosis
This Lecane species was described by Hauer in 1938 from a single specimen collected in a rice field near Singkarak, Sumatra. Hauer (1937/1938) erected the new species "stichaeoides" because of its smaller size, thinner shape and particularly because of a totally different arrangements of the ornamental ridges on the dorsal and ventral lorica, when compared to L. stichaea. While Hauer did not comment on the insertion of the claws, it is clearly shown in the very good figure of his South East Asian record. L. stichaea and similar forms always present a characteristic insertion to the claws: a soft indentation on the inner side of the toes. L. stichaeoides also show distinctly indented toes, but on both sides. Small forms of L. stichaeoides can be confused with L. aculeata aculeta (Jakubski, 1912). (ref. ID; 2808)
L. stichoclysta n. sp. is diagnosed by 1) its completely separated claws; 2) its nearly square and covered foot pseudosegment and 3) its relatively short toes. (1) and (2) separate the species from L. stichaea (unilaterally separated claws, elongate and projecting foot pseudosegment) and L. haliclysta Harring & Myers (no claws, projecting foot pseudosegment with lateral extensions); (2) and (3) distinguish the taxon from L. stichaeoides (projecting foot pseudosegment with lateral extensions and relatively long toes). (ref. ID; 2844)
Descriptions
Lorica with domed dorsal and flat ventral plate, separated by lateral sulci. Dorsal lorica anteriorly narrower, medially broader than ventral lorica. Head aperture dorsally and ventrally nearly straight, with pointed antero-lateral spines. Ventral lorica nearly parallel-sided, with conspicuous lateral inflexions posterior of antero-lateral spines. Ventral lorica divided by narrow transversal fold in anterior part with clear pattern of folds and posterior part with foot plate. Foot plate inconspicuously separated, with rounded coxal plates and almost square foot pseudosegment, not extending beyond the posterior margin of ventral lorica. Toes relatively short, parallel-sided, with completely separated acute claws. Dorsal lorica elongate, with clear pattern of folds. (ref. ID; 2844)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2844)
Etymology
The new name L. stichoclysta was chosen to remind the closeness of L. stichaea and L. haliclysta. (ref. ID; 2844)
Lorica is firm, broadly ovate, anterior dorsal margin with wide median, elliptic notch, ventral margin with deep sinus, rounded posteriorly. Dorsal and ventral plates are similar in width and shape. Ventral plate has a transverse fold in front of the foot. First foot joint is indistinct, second large and hexagonal. Toe is very long and slender and terminates in a long slender acutely pointed claw. (ref. ID; 689)
Heavy transverse fold. (ref. ID; 2317)
The anterior dorsal notch was smaller and very similar to that of L. bulla. (ref. ID; 3127)
Comments
It resembles L. bulla in general but differs by its foot, toe, and claw. Harring & Myers (1926) stated that the needle-like claw is without parallel in the genus. (ref. ID; 689)
Measurements
Total length 280; length of dorsal plate 140; length of ventral plate 156; width of lorica 98; toe 84; claw 28 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Length of body 120; length of toes and claw 50; length of claw 24 µm. (ref. ID; 2284)
Length of dorsal plate 120; length of ventral plate 126; width of dorsal plate 90; width of ventral plate 90; length of toe and claw 46; length of claw 26 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of body 106; maximum width 70; length of toe and claw 60; claw 20 µm. (ref. ID; 2385)
Total length 170; length of lorica 110; width of body 90; length of toe 60 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
Length 123; maximum width 85; toes, less claw 50; claw 20 µm. (ref. ID; 3181)
In 1960, De Ridder described a new species from oligohaline to mesohaline waters in the Camargue, S. France and named it Lecane submagna. De Ridder indicated its relationship with L. Luna, but noted the different ratio (L/B) of the lorica and is small anterior opening. De Ridder now consider it a strongly contracted L. luna. L. submagna therefore becomes a junior synonym of L. luna. De Ridder propose the use of the combination Lecane luna var. submagna De Ridder, to designate this particular morph. (ref. ID; 2935)
Anterior portion of lorica roughly parallel-sided and the posterior portion sub-triangular and rounded at apex. Anterior margins coincident; anterior spines absent. Dorsal plate parallel-sided anteriorly and obtusely rounded posteriorly; its surface markings of a very intricate and unusual pattern. Posterior segment small and nearly semicircular. Toes very long and slender, about one-third of total length, straight, very slightly conical, terminating in a long, slender, acutely pointed claw, sharply constricted at the base. (ref. ID; 3180)
L. superaculeata n. sp. may have been confused with L. aculeata (Jakubski, 1912) (Fig.5), as it bears a strong but superficial resemblance to that species. However, it is much larger, and its antero-lateral spines are prolongations of the ventral plate, rather than emerging from between the ventral plate and dorsal plate as in L. aculeata. The size clusters of L. superaculeata n. sp. and L. aculeata are shown in Fig.6. Moreover, the antero-lateral spines are outwardly curved, a feature not seen in L. aculeata.This species keys out to L. robertsonae Segers, 1993 using the identification key by Segers (1995), but cannot be confused considering the long, curved outward antero-lateral spines of L. superaculeata n. sp. (ref. ID; 7855)
Descriptions
Parthenogenetic female: Lorica stiff. Dorsal plate anteriorly narrower, medially wider than ventral, ornamented. Head aperture margins coincident, straight, anterolateral spines exceptionally long, curved outwards. Ventral plate elongate, with incomplete transverse and longitudinal folds, ornamented. Lateral margins smooth, straight, parallel. Lateral sulci shallow. Foot plate projecting, nearly as wide as long. Coxal plates rounded triangular. Prepedal fold narrow, elongate, posteriorly with median projection. Foot pseudosegment pojecting, with lateral lobes. Toes separate, parallel-sided, bearing needle-like completely separated claws. Minute accessory claws present. (ref. ID; 7855)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 7855)
Remarks on Oriental endemics
A list of Lecane species endemic to the Oriental region recorded from Thailand, compiled from the present findings and previous records (Koste 1975; Sanoamuang et al. 1995; Segers & Pholpunthin 1997) is presented in Table 1. Notes on distributions of the Oriental endemics are as follows.
L. acanthinula was collected from a slightly brackish water (Nong Kudlawa, salinity 0.5 0/00). According to Segers (1995), this species is rare, and has so far been recorded in fresh and slightly saline waters in Java, India and Oman (south-eastern part of the Arabian peninsula). The species may have been confused with the common, cosmoplitan L. furcata (see Segers 1966).
L. bifastigata and L. eswari were found in the same locality (Pond Sapankoa in Khon Kaen). The former was recorded from Armenia, India, Java, Oman, Sri Lanka, and Turkey, while the latter was known from India only (Segers 1995).
L. blachei was present in a wide of localities (e.g., lakes, ponds, swamps, and canals) in the north-east (Sanoamuang et al. 1995), and eventually the north of Thailand. It has been reported from Cambodia, Indonesian Borneo, and India (Segers 1995).
L. junki is extremely rare, and has so far been found only from the type locality (Bung Borapet, a large natural lake in the north of Thailand) by Koste (1975).
L. minuta was described from a roadside pond in Brunei (Segers 1994). It has subsequently been recorded from Thale-Noi Lake in the south of Thailand by Segers and Pholputhin (1997).
L. segersi was recently described from a swamp in Udornthani (Sanoamuang 1996), and was subsequently found in another swamp in Khon Kaen. The taxon may have been confused with the common, cosmoplitan L. papuana.
L. shieli and L. thailandensis were originally found simultaneously in the same locality (Nam Pung reservoir) (Segers & Sanoamuang 1994). L. shieli is more widespread, as it was sugsequently found in Mun river, Ubol Ratchathani, while L. thailandensis was restricted to some localities in Sakon Nakhon province only. L. shieli has so far been recorded only from Thailand, while L. thailandensis is also known from China (Segers and Sanoamuang, 1994). (ref. ID; 7855)
Etymology
The species name superaculeata is an adjective, referring to the fact that the species is similar to, but larger than L. aculeata. (ref. ID; 7855)
Destribution and ecology
L. superaculeata n. sp. is a rare species. It is usually present in small numbers in canals, reservoirs and large swamps. The species has so far been recorded only from north and north-east Thailand. (ref. ID; 7855)
Type locality
A canal in the floodplain of River Nab (16 degrees 48'N - 100 degrees 18'E). Phitsanulok province, northern Thailand, 29 September 1996, leg. L. Sanoamuang. Water temperature 30 degrees C, pH 7.5, conductivity 40 µS cm-1. Other localities: (1) Nam Pung reservoir, Sakon Nakhon province, north-east Thailand, 4 June 1993. Water temperature 26 degrees C, pH 7.8, conductivity 85 µS cm-1. (2) A large swamp (Nong Leang), Mahasarakam province, north-east Thailand, 22 January 1997. Water temperature 27 degrees C, pH 7.8, conductivity 240 µS cm-1. (ref. ID; 7855)
Material examined
Female holotype and three paratypes deposited in the Science Museum, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Two female paratypes in the collections of the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (K.B.I.N.), Brussels, and the Institute of Animal Ecology, University of Gent (R.U.G.), Belgium, each. One female paratype (the single specimen from Nam Pung reservoir) deposited in the R.U.G. (ref. ID; 7855)
Lecane sylviae Segers, 1993 (ref. ID; 2016, 2844 original paper)
Diagnosis
This new species is easily distinguished from the related L. stenroosi (Meissner) by the double pair of antero-lateral projections (single in L. stenroosi) and by the ornamentation of the lorica. (ref. ID; 2844)
Descriptions
Lorica with slightly domed dorsal and flat ventral plate, separated by lateral sulci. Dorsal lorica narrower than ventral lorica. Head aperture dorsally straight, ventrally concave with median pair of sharp spines and lateral pair of rounded projections. Ventral lorica rounded, divided entirely by transversal fold. Anterior part with weak symmetrical pattern of folds, posterior part with weak pattern and foot plate. Minute spicules present on lateral edges of lorica plates, on the transversal fold and dispersed in posterior half of ventral lorica. Foot plate broad, coxal plates small, foot pseudosegment trapezoidal, not extending beyond the posterior margin of the ventral lorica. Toe parallel-sided, with minute terminal fissure. Claws and accessorial claws present. Dorsal lorica round, with clear pattern of folds. (ref. ID; 2844)
Male: Male unknown. (ref. ID; 2844)
Etymology
I name this beautiful species after my wife, Sylvie Dinakis. (ref. ID; 2844)
This species shows considerable variation (Hauer 1938). (ref. ID; 2599)
Lorica broadly ovate, its width about two-thirds of the length, anterior margins coincident, the dorsal margin being slightly convex and sinuate. Ventral plate narrower than the dorsal, with constrictions in the anterior one-third. Posterior segment small, rounded, slightly projecting beyond dorsal plate. Toes long and slender, about one-fourth of the total length, parallel-sided, fused for two-thirds of their length but each toe terminating in an acute, pointed claw. (ref. ID; 3180)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 58; length ventral plate 64; width dorsal plate 56; width ventral plate 46; toe 16; claw 8 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 64; length of ventral plate 69; width of dorsal plate 59; width of ventral plate 50; width at anterior end 50; toe 17; claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 60; length of ventral plate 63; width of dorsal plate 47; width of ventral plate 42; width of anterior end 44; foot 8; toe 18; claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
The outline of the lorica is an elongate oval; the anterior dorsal margin is almost straight, and the ventral margin is gently concave. There are two broad, triangular cusps at the external anterior corners. The dorsal plate is oval, the edge not well marked in the rear. The ventral plate is elongate, truncately oval, with a deep transverse fold two-thirds of the way from the anterior end. The lateral sulci are well marked. The posterior segment is large and truncate. The coxal plates are quite large and project beyond the edge of the posterior segment as does the last foot segment. The two toes are fairly long, about half as long as the ventral plate, and bear long claws accompanied by a smaller spicule. They are slightly constricted near the middle. (ref. ID; 2771)
Comments
It has some resemblance to L. acronycha from which is differs in the general proportions of the plates and in the projecting coxal plates and posterior foot segment. (ref. ID; 2771)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 176; length of ventral plate 192; length of toe without claw 80; length of claw 20; width of dorsal plate 148; width of ventral plate 148 µm. (ref. ID; 2771)
Lorica is broadly oval, the anterior margins coincident and straight. Surface markings agree with the description given by Harring & Myers (1926). Dorsal plate similar to the ventral and truncate posteriorly. Posterior segment is small and rounded. First foot joint is indistinct, and second large and subcircular. Toe is straight with a slender, long acutely pointed claw. (ref. ID; 689)
Measurements
Total length 98; length of dorsal plate 63; length of ventral plate 70; width of lorica 56; length of toe 28; claw 7 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Length of dorsal plate 69; length of ventral plate 76; width of dorsal margin 57; width of ventral margin 69; foot 23 µm. (ref. ID; 2281)
L. thailandensis is close to L. latissima Yamamoto, 1955. The two species differ by the lorica surface, being strongly pustulated in L. thailandensis, and smooth in L. latissima. Differences in ecology and distribution exist: L. latissima is a well-known cold-stenotherm. L. thailandensis is probably an Oriental, warm water species. Both L. thailandensis and L. latissima are distinguished from the related L. hornemanni (Ehrenberg, 1834) by their toes bearing claws, from L. ruttneri Hauer, 1938 by their larger size and dorsal plate being wider than long, and from L. abanica Segers, 1994 by their larger size and rounded lorica. (ref. ID; 2199)
Descriptions
Lorica relatively stiff. Dorsal plate wider than ventral plate, armed with rows of spines and bearing ornamental folds. Head aperture margins nearly coincident, straight or slightly convex, with rounded antero-lateral corners. Ventral plate slightly longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and longitudinal folds, ornamented with rows of spines. No lateral sulci. Foot plate broad, coxal plates rounded triangular. Prepedal fold relatively broad, elongate, distally with median projection. Foot pseudosegment constricted medially, not projecting. Toes long, slightly tapering to distally, with small spicules laterally and dorsally. Claws incompletely separated, bent dorsad. (ref. ID; 2199)
Etymology
The species name refers to the country from which the species was first recognised, Thailand. (ref. ID; 2199)
Lorica subcircular. Anterior dorsal margin nearly straight and narrow, about half of the width of the lorica. Ventral margin with a broad V-shaped sinus flanked by two stout incurved spines. Ventral plate considerably narrower than dorsal plate. Posterior segment large and rounded, projecting beyond the dorsal plate. Toe long and stout, very slightly enlarged near the middle, tapering to an acute point, without any claw. (ref. ID; 3180)
Lecane triloba Yamamoto, 1951 (ref. ID; 3054 original paper)
See
Lecane curvicornis (ref. ID; 2016)
Descriptions
Lorica broadly ovate; anterior margin concave, ate external corners armed with incurved spines. Dorsal anterior margin smooth, but ventral margin divided into three lobes by two small notches; dorsal plate of equal width with ventral plate; posterior dorsal margin smooth and somewhat truncated. Ventral posterior margin also divided into three lobes by two small cuts; central lobe somewhat tail-like; ventral plate much longer than the dorsal. First foot-joint indistinct, second foot-joint subsquare and situated at some distance in front of ventral posterior margin. Toes long and slightly sigmoid-curved, terminating in acute claws with basal spicules. (ref. ID; 3054)
Type locality
This species is fairly common in the samples collected on October 22, 1927 from a pond in a western suburb of Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture. (ref. ID; 3054)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 120; length of ventral plate 153; width of lorica 116; distance between anterior spines 64; length of toe without claw 50; length of claw 17 µm. (ref. ID; 3054)
Lecane truncata Yamamoto, 1953 (ref. ID; 3055 original paper)
See
Lecane depressa (ref. ID; 2016)
Descriptions
Body elongated ovoid, without cusps on anterior corners; dorsal lorica inverted oval, anterior margin convex, posterior margin truncated, both posterior corners slightly pointed; dorsal lorica considerably narrower than ventral lorica; ventral lorica elliptic, anterior margin almost straight truncated posteriorly. Depth of body not great. First foot-segment rather large, but not prominent, pyriform; second foot-segment large, subtrapezoid, toes somewhat thick, blade-like, parallel-sided anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, terminated in an acute point. (ref. ID; 3055)
Comments
The present species is considered to be affined with L. brachydactyla in general appearance, but is quite different from the latter in the characteristics that the dorsal posterior margin is smooth and rounded and that small cusps are present. (ref. ID; 3055)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 125; length of ventral plate 143; width of dorsal plate 84; width of ventral plate 98; width of anterior margin 60; length of toe 40; depth of body 40 µm. (ref. ID; 3055)
There are a number of variations in the Owenga specimens: in all cases the ventral sinus was deeper than that shown by Harring & Myers, and averaged 14 µm. The posterior segment was narrower, and in addition to the two lateral indentations there was a shallow sinus on the posterior portion of the segment. The toes were shouldered at the base with a definite lateral indentation posterior to the shoulder. (ref. ID; 3127)
Measurements
Length of dorsal plate 96; length of ventral plate 114; width of dorsal plate 81; width of ventral plate 81; width at anterior end 51; toe 42 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Total length 138; length of dorsal plate 94; length of ventral plate 108; width of dorsal plate 64; width of ventral plate 58; Width of anterior margin 50; length of toes 30 µm. (ref. ID; 3127)
Lecane tuxeni De Ridder, 1970 (ref. ID; 2016, 3275, 3532 original paper)
Measurements
Length of lorica 73-84; length of dorsal plate 65-73; width of dorsal plate 52-74; length of ventral plate 64-78; length of toes 23-30 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)
Lecane rugosa (Harring, 1914) after Koste (1974) (ref. ID; 2914)
Descriptions
Lorica broadly oval; dorsal anterior margin slightly concave; ventral anterior margin convex, with a small notch at center; dorsal plate broader than ventral plate. First foot segment rather long, but second one broad. About two-thirds of toe length fused, entirely parallel-sided. Toes terminating in short claws which curve outwards. (ref. ID; 3054)
Comments
L. uenoi is the only Lecane combining incompletely fused toes and a dorsal lorica being consistently broader than the ventral lorica. By this, the small species can hardly be confused with any congener. The Brazilian specimens deviate in some minor details from Yamamoto's (1951) description of the species. The shape of the head aperture margins differs slightly, variably pronounced ornamentations of the lorica are present and the claws are parallel, not diverging in the Brazilian specimens. All these characters are, however, known to be subject to intraspecific variation in the genus. (ref. ID; 2914)
Type locality
This species is found among the samples collected on October 22, 1948, at Rokujizo Pond, Kyoto Prefecture. (ref. ID; 3054)
Measurements
Dorsal plate length 44-53 (50); dorsal plate width 46-48 (48); ventral plate length 47-52 (50); ventral plate width 35-41 (41); toe length (without claws) 14-18 (14); claw length 4-5 (4) (Japanese specimen between brackets) µm. (ref. ID; 2914)
Length of dorsal plate 50; width of dorsal plate 48; anterior width of dorsal plate 36; length of ventral plate 50; width of ventral plate 41; anterior width of ventral plate 32; length of toe without claw 14; length of claw 4 µm. (ref. ID; 3054)
Lorica broadly ovate, anterior dorsal margin sinuate, ventral margin nearly straight. Anterior spines not evident. Dorsal and ventral plates with symmetrical surface markings, ventral narrower than dorsal. Posterior segment small and rounded. Toes long and slender, completely separate except for the proximal one-fifth of their length, each toe terminating in acute pointed outcurved claws. (ref. ID; 3180)
Comments
Chengalath and Fernando (1973) agree with the view of Wulfert (1966) that Lecane undulata and L. inopinata are variations of L. sympoda. (ref. ID; 3180)
Posterior segment prominent. Claws with 2 basal spicules. (ref. ID; 696)
Lorica broadly oval, its width about four-fifths of the length. Anterior dorsal margin nearly straight. Ventral margin with a broad, shallow, V-shaped anterior sinus between rather pointed lobes projecting considerably beyond the dorsal plate. Posterior segment rather small and rounded posteriorly. Toe fairly long, slightly enlarged toward the posterior end; claws distinct and very long. (ref. ID; 3180)
Lorica is broadly oval, anterior dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin slightly concave, and with two straight, ventral margin slightly concave, and with two large triangular cusps at the external angles. Dorsal plate is oval without any surface markings, ventral plate broader and with irregular transverse fold some distance in front of the first foot joint. Posterior segment is broad, slightly truncate and projects beyond the foot. First foot joint is indistinct and the second fairly broad. Toes are straight, a parallel sided ending in stout long acutely pointed claw with a basal spicule. (ref. ID; 689)
This is a well characterized species, easily distinguishable by the big size, smooth lorica, broad posterior segment and long claws. (ref. ID; 1837)
Lorica is broadly oval, anterior dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin slightly concave, and with two large triangular cusps at the external angles. Dorsal plate is oval without and surface markings, ventral plate broader and with irregular transverse fold some distance in front of the first foot joint. Posterior segment is broad, slightly truncate and projects beyond the foot. First foot joint is indistinct and the second fairly broad. Toes are straight, parallel sided ending in stout long acutely pointed claw with a basal spicule. (ref. ID; 2757)
The few individuals agreed well with the descriptions of Harring & Myers (1926) and Voigt (1957). The toes are, however, subject to considerable variation and instead of the basal spicules a swollen callous thickening could be observed. In specimens collected from other Laurentian lakes this was not apparent, but the spicule at the base of the claw was also absent. (ref. ID; 2894)
Lorica broadly oval, anterior dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin slightly concave. External angles with two large, triangular cusps. Dorsal plate oval without any surface markings. Posterior segment broad, slightly truncate, and projecting beyond the foot. Toes straight, parallel-sided, with or without a stout, long acutely pointed claws, with or without fairly prominent basal spicules. Length of toes more than one-third of total length. (ref. ID; 3180)
Consideration of synonymy
The size of L. fracida and the shape of its toes reveal a synonymy with L. ungulata. The deformation of the lorica in L. fracida cannot be considered a valid diagnostic character. Variation in overall size and stiffness of the lorica, common phenomena in Lecane, evidently lead to various conservation artefacts. The fact that Berzins (1982) identified both L. fracida and L. ungulata from the same sample offers additional support for the synonymy of both names. (ref. ID; 2936)
Measurements
Total length 280; length of dorsal plate 196; length of ventral plate 224; width of dorsal plate 154; width of ventral plate 168; toe without claw 70; claw 42; width at anterior points 126 µm. (ref. ID; 689)
Total length 280; length of dorsal plate 196~230; length of ventral plate 224~290; width of dorsal plate 154~184; width of ventral plate 168~210; toe 70~80; claw 42~45; width at anterior points 126 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Dorsal plate length 250; dorsal plate width 180; ventral plate length 270; ventral plate width 220; length of toes 120; pseudoclaws 40 µm. (ref. ID; 1837)
Length of dorsal plate 225; length of ventral plate 294; width of dorsal plate 183; width of ventral plate 204; width at anterior end 150; toe 78, claw 45 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length dorsal plate 215; length ventral plate 264; width dorsal plate 160; width ventral plate 180; toes 80; claws 40 µm. (ref. ID; 2704)
Length of dorsal plate 207; length of ventral plate 231; width of dorsal plate 162; width of ventral plate 171; width of anterior end 126; foot 66; toe 27; claw 33 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Length of dorsal lorica 139-220; width of dorsal lorica 144-180; length of ventral lorica 185-255; width of ventral lorica 160-195; toe length 90-120; claws 34-45 µm. (ref. ID; 2891)
Dorsal plate 186-220 long, 132-150 wide; ventral plate 224-240 long, 160-170 wide; toe with claw 94-105 µm. (ref. ID; 2894)
Total length 152-220; dorsal lorica length 110-160; width at the basis of occipital lateral spines 65-86; widest part 88-170; foot 8-12; toes 30-50; claw 19-25 µm. (ref. ID; 3083)
Length of dorsal plate 96; length of ventral plate 108; width of dorsal plate 89; width of ventral plate 99; width of anterior end 45; foot 15; toe 27; claw 12 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lecane ungulata var. australiensis Koste, 1979 (ref. ID; 2891 original paper)
Descriptions
Lecane ungulata (Gosse, 1887) is the largest species within this genus, however there is considerable variation in the width of the lorica and in toe measurements. The new variety resembles L. sibina Harring, 1914, in the retraction of the head end, likewise the dorsal anterior lorica rim is domed. The dorsal lorica of L. ungulata ungulata is not perceptibly domed. Whilst the dome L. sibina is smooth, in the new variety it has a relatively coarse grainy structure. Furthermore, the foot plate of the ventral lorica is strongly depressed from the remainder of the lateral lorica. (ref. ID; 2891)
Comments
L. ungulata ungulata has, until now, always been found in freshwater biotopes without the dorsal domed lorica. It is suggested that the new variety is extraordinary through its large lorica size, also through the especially strongly pronounced dorsal dome, distinguishing it from the holotype and paratype. (ref. ID; 2891)
Length of dorsal plate 96; length of ventral plate 108; width of dorsal plate 89; width of ventral plate 99; width of anterior end 45; foot 15; toe 27; claw 12 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
Lecane urna Nogrady, 1962 (ref. ID; 2016, 2597 original paper)
Diagnosis
This species resembles L. elegans Harring, 1914 but is shorter and more slender, much smaller, and can be recognized by its peculiar ventral plate. It might be suspected that it is a young specimen of L. elegans, but all the animals found were exactly alike. Moreover, the lorica seems to be too rigid for a newly hatched Rotifer. (ref. ID; 2597)
Descriptions
Lorica elongate, nearly parallel-sided, dorsal plate rigid, ventral plate slightly flexible. Anterior margins of both plates coincident, lightly arched, without spines. Sulci broad. Ventral plate much narrower than dorsal plate, narrowing more with a sharp incision and broadening again to semicircular shape, protruding from dorsal rim. Lorica transparent, dotted dorsally with only faint ridges ventrally. Coxal plates absent. First foot joint long, elliptical; second joint tapering slightly with deep anterior sinus. Toes slender, straight, ending in thin claw, curving inward. (ref. ID; 2597)
Lorica oblong; maximum width at anterior end then tapering very slightly and gradually towards posterior end, external angles produced into small spines. Anterior dorsal margin convex, anterior ventral margin concave. Dorsal plate convex smaller than ventral plate, with a few surface markings. Ventral plate moderately convex, dorsal and ventral plates of almost equal width. Posterior segment small, semicircular, projecting beyond lorica. First foot-joint large, second subsquare, projecting beyond posterior end of lorica. Toes slender, parallelsides, almost 1/4 the length of lorica. Claws small, acutely pointed. (ref. ID; 3339)
Comments
This species resembles Lecane plesiaides described by Chengalath & Fernando (1973) from Ceylon, but differs in having: i) lorica less broad and tapering very slightly; (ii) ventral plate shorter in length; (iii) second foot-joint projecting beyond the lorica; (iv) toes smaller and (v) claws present. (ref. ID; 3339)
Etymology
This species has been named after Dr. H.S. Vasisht of the Panjab University, Chandigarh. (ref. ID; 3339)
Type locality
Holotype 1 female (on slide): Dept. of Zoology, NEHU, Shillong; loc. Indian Museum Tank, Calcutta; date 16.8.1975; water temperature 27.5 degrees C; pH 7.3; Coll. B.K. Sharma. (ref. ID; 3339)
No facetting was found on the dorsal plate of specimens, although the usual markings were evident on the ventral plate. The first foot joint was ovate and more prominent than in the type. The second foot joint did not extend past the posterior segment. It is considered that the specimens are a variety of the type, and that the differences do not warrant describing them as forms. (ref. ID; 2283)
Specimens differ from the type in being smaller, having a parallel sided first foot joint, and a dorsal plate with no facetting. (ref. ID; 2317)
The anterior end coincident with two triangular spines at the external angles. (ref. ID; 2714)
Measurements
Length dorsal plate 56; length ventral plate 60; width dorsal plate 50; width ventral plate 45; toe 19; claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 696)
Length of dorsal plate 70; length of ventral plate 76; width of dorsal plate 56; width of ventral plate 48; width of anterior points 50; length of toe 24 µm. (ref. ID; 2283)
Length of dorsal plate 58; length of ventral plate 74; width of dorsal plate 48; width of ventral plate 42; length of toe and claw 29; length of claw 4 µm. (ref. ID; 2317)
Length of dorsal plate 57; length of ventral plate 60; width of dorsal plate 50; width of ventral plate 44; width at anterior end 45; toe 19; claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2599)
Length of dorsal plate 55; length of ventral plate 59; width of dorsal plate 45; width of ventral plate 34; width of anterior end 41; foot 11; toe 17; claw 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2714)
