Copper (Cu) & copper compounds
Heavy metal.
Heavy metals including copper are a potential problem in agricultural soil because they are supplied to the soil along with pig slurry, sludge from wastewater treatment plants or pesticides. Industrial wastes may locally cause extremely high concentrations in soil. (ref. ID; 4584)
Copper are essential for the activity of several enzymatic systems. (ref. ID; 6123)
Major Cu-containing enzymes include plastocyanin, important for electron transport; cytochrome oxidase, necessary for respiration; and multicopper oxidase, necessary for Fe assimilation. (ref. ID; 6930)
[Cu]
Test organisms
Protozoa: Colpoda inflata (ref. ID; 1874)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 1317)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophra chlorotica (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 4639, 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 1913, 1914, 4639, 5989)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 4474)
[Cu: copper standard solution 100 ug Cu per ml (nominal) in 2% HNO3]
Test organisms
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 7087, 7819)
[Cu: an atomic absorption standard solution 1,000 ug Cu per ml (nominal) in 1% HNO3]
Test organisms
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 121, 127)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 1321)
Rotifera: Lecane hamata (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Rotifera: Lecane luna (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Rotifera: Lecane quadridentata (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 1914)
[[65]Cu2+]
Test organisms
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6930)
[Copper(II) Acetate, Monohydrate] CAS[6046-93-1]
Chemical formula
Cu(Ch3COO)2/H2O
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)
[Copper Chloride]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6948)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6090)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 4480)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 3326)
[Copper(II) Chloride = Cupric Chloride] CAS[7447-39-4] UN2802
Chemical formula
CuCl2
Chemical characteristics
Water soluble.
Test organisms
Protozoa; Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3312, 6123)
Protozoa: Soil protozoan and microbial community (ref. ID; 4584)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6835)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6895)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6860)
Nematoda; Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 2165, 6820)
Nematoda: Plectus acuminatus (ref. ID; 6936)
[Copper(II) Chloride, Monohydrate]
Chemical formula
CuCl2/H2O
Test organisms
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 7001)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 7031)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus crypticus (ref. ID; 6836)
[Copper(II) Chloride, Dihydrate] CAS[10125-13-0] UN2802
Chemical formula
CuCl2/2H2O
Chemical characteristics
Water soluble.
Test organisms
Protozoa: Aspidisca cicada (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Blepharisma americanum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Euplotes affinis (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Euplotes patella (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Uronema nigricans (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Activated sludge protozoan community (ref. ID; 6006)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea tuberculata (ref. ID; 6129)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida andrei (ref. ID; 6954)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 3555, 7140)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 498, 506, 4571, 6854, 7045)
Nematoda: Heterocephalobus pauciannulatus (ref. ID; 7025)
Nematoda: Plectus acuminatus (ref. ID; 7023, 7025)
[Copper(II) Chloride - Copper(II) Hydroxide (1/3); Dicopper chloride trihydroxide: Copper oxychloride]
Trade name
Copper chloride (basic) (J): Cupravit, Fernacot, Recop, Reve-col (ICI), Vitigram
Chemical formula
CuCl2/3Cu(OH)2, Cu2Cl2(OH)3, H3ClCu2O3
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 1440 mg/kg.
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 3310)
Oligochaeta: Microchaetus sp. (ref. ID; 4437)
[Copper Chloride Salt]
Test organisms
Nematoda; Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 7010)
[Copper Nitrate]
Test organisms
Protozoa: Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3548)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena rubida (ref. ID; 6871)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6864, 7163)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 3301, 6823)
[Copper(II) Nitrate, Trihydrate] CAS[10031-43-3] UN1477
Chemical formula
Cu(NO3)2/3H2O
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6744)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6103)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6744)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6744)
[Copper Nitric Salts]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena veneta (ref. ID; 6837)
[Copper(II) Sulfate = Cupric Sulfate] CAS[7758-98-7] UN3077
Chemical formula
CuSO4
Chemical characteristics
Water soluble.
Test organisms
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6081)
Protozoa: Colpoda steinii (ref. ID; 499)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 979, 3554)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena thermophila (ref. ID; 5999)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 510, 1717)
Rotifera: Brachionus patulus (ref. ID; 6771)
Oligochaeta: Cognettia sphagnetorum (ref. ID; 6116)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6866, 6955, 7012, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Octolasium cyaneum (ref. ID; 7054)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 6003, 6636)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 7086)
Nematoda: Community (ref. ID; 6859)
[Copper(II) Sulfate, Pentahydrate or Pentahydroxide] CAS[7758-99-8] UN3077
Chemical formula
CuSO4/5H2O
Trade name
Copper sulfate: Blue stone, Blue Viking
Chemical characteristics
Water soluble.
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 300 mg/kg.
Test organisms
Green algae (formarly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardi (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Acanthamoeba castellanii (ref. ID; 946)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 939)
Protozoa: Didinium nasutum (ref. ID; 1072)
Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (ref. ID; 1072)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Vorticella microstoma (ref. ID; 4989)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 504, 1547)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 718, 6840)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Rotifera: Philodina sp. (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Aeolosoma hemprichi (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 6786)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 3110)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6786)
Oligochaeta: Nais sp. (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 3110, 4985, 6079, 6080, 6968)
Nematoda: Caenorhabiditis elegans (ref. ID; 6824, 7011)
Nematoda: Community (ref. ID; 3304)
Microcosm: Aquatic (ref. ID; 361)
[Brass powder (70% Cu and 30% Zn)]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 7014)
[Sediment Cu Pollution]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Soil Cu Pollution]
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora caliginosa (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora chlorotica (ref. ID; 1433, 5994)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora rosea (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora tuberculata (ref. ID; 6104)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 5994, 6107)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea icterica (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Cognettia sphagnetorum (ref. ID; 6014, 6116)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena madeirensis (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena veneta (ref. ID; 6851)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6750, 6834, 7031)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus castaneus (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus friendi (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 5989, 5994, 6741, 6892, 7055)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 1433, 5994)
[Copper(II) Acetate] CAS[142-71-2]
Trade name
Copper acetate
Chemical formula
C4H10CuO6
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper(II) Acetate - Copper(II) Arsenite (1/3)]
Trade name
Paris green: French green
Chemical formula
C4H6As6Cu4O16
Purpose for use
Insecticide, repellent.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 32 mg/kg.
[Copper bis(cyclopentanecarboxylate)]
Trade name
Copper naphthenate: Cupronate, Cuprinol green
Chemical formula
C12H18CuO4
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 450 mg/kg.
[Copper bis(methylarsonate)]
Trade name
Copper methanearsonate
Chemical formula
C2H8As2CuO6
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
[Copper bis(pentachlorophenolate)]
Trade name
Copper bis(pentachloro phenoxide) (J): PCP-Cu
Chemical formula
C12Cl10CuO2
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper bis(3-phenylsalicylate)]
Trade name
Copper 3-phenylsalicylate
Chemical formula
C26H18CuO6
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 0.52 g/kg.
[Copper bis(pyridine-N-oxide-2-sulfide)]
Trade name
Cupric omadine
Chemical formula
C10H8CuN2O2S2
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper bis[(Z)-9-octadecenoate]]
Trade name
Copper oleate
Chemical formula
C36H66CuO4
Purpose for use
Fungicide
[Copper Dihydrazine Sulfate]
Trade name
Copper dihydrazine sulfate: Omazene, Omazine
Chemical formula
CuSO4(N2H5)2SO4
Purpose for use
Fungicide
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat approx. 590 mg/kg.
[Copper(II) Hydroxide] CAS[20427-59-2] UN2811
Trade name
Copper hydroxide (J): Cupric hydroxide, Kocide-220
Chemical formula
Cu(OH)2
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 470 mg/kg.
[Copper(II) Hydroxide - Copper(II) Arsenate (1/1)]
Trade name
Copper arsenate (basic)
Chemical formula
Cu(OH)2/Cu3(AsO4)2
Purpose for use
Insecticide, fungicide.
[Copper(II) Hydroxide - Copper(II) Carbonate (1/1)]
Trade name
Copper carbonate (basic)
Chemical formula
Cu(OH)2/CuCO3
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper Hydroxy Nonylbenzenesulfonate]
Trade name
Copper nonylphenolsulfonate (J): Yonepon
Chemical formula
C30H46CuO8S2
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 1670 mg/kg, (female) 1900 mg/kg.
[Copper Nitrothioacetate]
Trade name
Copper nitrothioacetate
Chemical formula
C4H4CuN2O6S2
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper(II) octadecanoate = Cupric Octadecanoate]
Trade name
Copper stearate
Chemical formula
C36H70CuO4
Purpose for use
Repellent.
[Copper(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate]
Trade name
Copper linoleate: Sol-U-Cop
Chemical formula
C36H64CuO4
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper(I) Oxide = cuprous oxide] CAS[1317-39-1]
Trade name
Copper (I) oxide (J): Caocobre, Perenox, Yellow cuprocide
Chemical formula
Cu2O
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 470 mg/kg.
[Copper(II) Oxide] CAS[1317-38-0]
Trade name
Copper (II) oxide (J): Copper oxide-Black, Cuprocide
Chemical formula
CuO
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper(II) Oxide - Zinc(II) Oxide - Chromic(VI) Oxide-water (15/10/6/24)]
Trade name
Copper zinc chromate complex: Miller 658 Fungicide
Chemical formula
15CuO/10ZnO/6CrO3/24H2O
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 6.16 mg/kg.
[Copper Phosphate-Sulfate, basic]
Trade name
Copper phosphate-sulfate (basic) (J)
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
[Copper(II) Sulfate - Copper(II) Hydroxide (1/3)]
Trade name
Copper sulfate (basic)
Chemical formula
CuSO4/3Cu(OH)2
Purpose for use
Fungicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 300 mg/kg.
[Copper Sulfide] CAS[1317-40-4]
Trade name
Copper (II) sulfide
Chemical formula
CuS
Purpose for use
Fungicide, repellent.
[Copper Thiocyanate] CAS[1111-67-7]
Trade name
Copper (I) thiocyanate
Chemical formula
CuSCN
Purpose for use
Fungicide, insecticide.