Main Content

The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Copper (Cu) & copper compounds

Heavy metal.
Heavy metals including copper are a potential problem in agricultural soil because they are supplied to the soil along with pig slurry, sludge from wastewater treatment plants or pesticides. Industrial wastes may locally cause extremely high concentrations in soil. (ref. ID; 4584)
Copper are essential for the activity of several enzymatic systems. (ref. ID; 6123)
Major Cu-containing enzymes include plastocyanin, important for electron transport; cytochrome oxidase, necessary for respiration; and multicopper oxidase, necessary for Fe assimilation. (ref. ID; 6930)

[Cu]

Test organisms

Protozoa: Colpoda inflata (ref. ID; 1874)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 1317)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophra chlorotica (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 4639, 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 1913, 1914, 4639, 5989)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 4474)

[Cu: copper standard solution 100 ug Cu per ml (nominal) in 2% HNO3]

Test organisms

Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 7087, 7819)

[Cu: an atomic absorption standard solution 1,000 ug Cu per ml (nominal) in 1% HNO3]

Test organisms

Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 121, 127)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 1321)
Rotifera: Lecane hamata (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Rotifera: Lecane luna (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Rotifera: Lecane quadridentata (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 1914)

[[65]Cu2+]

Test organisms

Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6930)

[Copper(II) Acetate, Monohydrate] CAS[6046-93-1]

Chemical formula

Cu(Ch3COO)2/H2O

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)

[Copper Chloride]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6948)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6090)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 4480)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 3326)

[Copper(II) Chloride = Cupric Chloride] CAS[7447-39-4] UN2802

Chemical formula

CuCl2

Chemical characteristics

Water soluble.

Test organisms

Protozoa; Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3312, 6123)
Protozoa: Soil protozoan and microbial community (ref. ID; 4584)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6835)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6895)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6860)
Nematoda; Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 2165, 6820)
Nematoda: Plectus acuminatus (ref. ID; 6936)

[Copper(II) Chloride, Monohydrate]

Chemical formula

CuCl2/H2O

Test organisms

Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 7001)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 7031)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus crypticus (ref. ID; 6836)

[Copper(II) Chloride, Dihydrate] CAS[10125-13-0] UN2802

Chemical formula

CuCl2/2H2O

Chemical characteristics

Water soluble.

Test organisms

Protozoa: Aspidisca cicada (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Blepharisma americanum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Euplotes affinis (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Euplotes patella (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Uronema nigricans (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Activated sludge protozoan community (ref. ID; 6006)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea tuberculata (ref. ID; 6129)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida andrei (ref. ID; 6954)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 3555, 7140)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 498, 506, 4571, 6854, 7045)
Nematoda: Heterocephalobus pauciannulatus (ref. ID; 7025)
Nematoda: Plectus acuminatus (ref. ID; 7023, 7025)

[Copper(II) Chloride - Copper(II) Hydroxide (1/3); Dicopper chloride trihydroxide: Copper oxychloride]

Trade name

Copper chloride (basic) (J): Cupravit, Fernacot, Recop, Reve-col (ICI), Vitigram

Chemical formula

CuCl2/3Cu(OH)2, Cu2Cl2(OH)3, H3ClCu2O3

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 1440 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 3310)
Oligochaeta: Microchaetus sp. (ref. ID; 4437)

[Copper Chloride Salt]

Test organisms

Nematoda; Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 7010)

[Copper Nitrate]

Test organisms

Protozoa: Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3548)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena rubida (ref. ID; 6871)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6864, 7163)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 3301, 6823)

[Copper(II) Nitrate, Trihydrate] CAS[10031-43-3] UN1477

Chemical formula

Cu(NO3)2/3H2O

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6744)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6103)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6744)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6744)

[Copper Nitric Salts]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena veneta (ref. ID; 6837)

[Copper(II) Sulfate = Cupric Sulfate] CAS[7758-98-7] UN3077

Chemical formula

CuSO4

Chemical characteristics

Water soluble.

Test organisms

Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6081)
Protozoa: Colpoda steinii (ref. ID; 499)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 979, 3554)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena thermophila (ref. ID; 5999)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 510, 1717)
Rotifera: Brachionus patulus (ref. ID; 6771)
Oligochaeta: Cognettia sphagnetorum (ref. ID; 6116)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6866, 6955, 7012, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Octolasium cyaneum (ref. ID; 7054)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 6003, 6636)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 7086)
Nematoda: Community (ref. ID; 6859)

[Copper(II) Sulfate, Pentahydrate or Pentahydroxide] CAS[7758-99-8] UN3077

Chemical formula

CuSO4/5H2O

Trade name

Copper sulfate: Blue stone, Blue Viking

Chemical characteristics

Water soluble.

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 300 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Green algae (formarly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardi (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Acanthamoeba castellanii (ref. ID; 946)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 939)
Protozoa: Didinium nasutum (ref. ID; 1072)
Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (ref. ID; 1072)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Vorticella microstoma (ref. ID; 4989)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 504, 1547)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 718, 6840)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Rotifera: Philodina sp. (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Aeolosoma hemprichi (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 6786)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 3110)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6786)
Oligochaeta: Nais sp. (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 3110, 4985, 6079, 6080, 6968)
Nematoda: Caenorhabiditis elegans (ref. ID; 6824, 7011)
Nematoda: Community (ref. ID; 3304)
Microcosm: Aquatic (ref. ID; 361)

[Brass powder (70% Cu and 30% Zn)]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 7014)

[Sediment Cu Pollution]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Soil Cu Pollution]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Allolobophora caliginosa (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora chlorotica (ref. ID; 1433, 5994)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora rosea (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora tuberculata (ref. ID; 6104)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 5994, 6107)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea icterica (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Cognettia sphagnetorum (ref. ID; 6014, 6116)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena madeirensis (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena veneta (ref. ID; 6851)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6750, 6834, 7031)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus castaneus (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus friendi (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 5989, 5994, 6741, 6892, 7055)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 1433, 5994)

[Copper(II) Acetate] CAS[142-71-2]

Trade name

Copper acetate

Chemical formula

C4H10CuO6

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper(II) Acetate - Copper(II) Arsenite (1/3)]

Trade name

Paris green: French green

Chemical formula

C4H6As6Cu4O16

Purpose for use

Insecticide, repellent.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 32 mg/kg.

[Copper bis(cyclopentanecarboxylate)]

Trade name

Copper naphthenate: Cupronate, Cuprinol green

Chemical formula

C12H18CuO4

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 450 mg/kg.

[Copper bis(methylarsonate)]

Trade name

Copper methanearsonate

Chemical formula

C2H8As2CuO6

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

[Copper bis(pentachlorophenolate)]

Trade name

Copper bis(pentachloro phenoxide) (J): PCP-Cu

Chemical formula

C12Cl10CuO2

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper bis(3-phenylsalicylate)]

Trade name

Copper 3-phenylsalicylate

Chemical formula

C26H18CuO6

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 0.52 g/kg.

[Copper bis(pyridine-N-oxide-2-sulfide)]

Trade name

Cupric omadine

Chemical formula

C10H8CuN2O2S2

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper bis[(Z)-9-octadecenoate]]

Trade name

Copper oleate

Chemical formula

C36H66CuO4

Purpose for use

Fungicide

[Copper Dihydrazine Sulfate]

Trade name

Copper dihydrazine sulfate: Omazene, Omazine

Chemical formula

CuSO4(N2H5)2SO4

Purpose for use

Fungicide

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat approx. 590 mg/kg.

[Copper(II) Hydroxide] CAS[20427-59-2] UN2811

Trade name

Copper hydroxide (J): Cupric hydroxide, Kocide-220

Chemical formula

Cu(OH)2

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 470 mg/kg.

[Copper(II) Hydroxide - Copper(II) Arsenate (1/1)]

Trade name

Copper arsenate (basic)

Chemical formula

Cu(OH)2/Cu3(AsO4)2

Purpose for use

Insecticide, fungicide.

[Copper(II) Hydroxide - Copper(II) Carbonate (1/1)]

Trade name

Copper carbonate (basic)

Chemical formula

Cu(OH)2/CuCO3

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper Hydroxy Nonylbenzenesulfonate]

Trade name

Copper nonylphenolsulfonate (J): Yonepon

Chemical formula

C30H46CuO8S2

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 1670 mg/kg, (female) 1900 mg/kg.

[Copper Nitrothioacetate]

Trade name

Copper nitrothioacetate

Chemical formula

C4H4CuN2O6S2

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper(II) octadecanoate = Cupric Octadecanoate]

Trade name

Copper stearate

Chemical formula

C36H70CuO4

Purpose for use

Repellent.

[Copper(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate]

Trade name

Copper linoleate: Sol-U-Cop

Chemical formula

C36H64CuO4

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper(I) Oxide = cuprous oxide] CAS[1317-39-1]

Trade name

Copper (I) oxide (J): Caocobre, Perenox, Yellow cuprocide

Chemical formula

Cu2O

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 470 mg/kg.

[Copper(II) Oxide] CAS[1317-38-0]

Trade name

Copper (II) oxide (J): Copper oxide-Black, Cuprocide

Chemical formula

CuO

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper(II) Oxide - Zinc(II) Oxide - Chromic(VI) Oxide-water (15/10/6/24)]

Trade name

Copper zinc chromate complex: Miller 658 Fungicide

Chemical formula

15CuO/10ZnO/6CrO3/24H2O

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 6.16 mg/kg.

[Copper Phosphate-Sulfate, basic]

Trade name

Copper phosphate-sulfate (basic) (J)

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

[Copper(II) Sulfate - Copper(II) Hydroxide (1/3)]

Trade name

Copper sulfate (basic)

Chemical formula

CuSO4/3Cu(OH)2

Purpose for use

Fungicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 300 mg/kg.

[Copper Sulfide] CAS[1317-40-4]

Trade name

Copper (II) sulfide

Chemical formula

CuS

Purpose for use

Fungicide, repellent.

[Copper Thiocyanate] CAS[1111-67-7]

Trade name

Copper (I) thiocyanate

Chemical formula

CuSCN

Purpose for use

Fungicide, insecticide.