Heavy metal.
Heavy metals including copper are a potential problem in agricultural soil because they are supplied to the soil along with pig slurry, sludge from wastewater treatment plants or pesticides. Industrial wastes may locally cause extremely high concentrations in soil. (ref. ID; 4584)
Copper are essential for the activity of several enzymatic systems. (ref. ID; 6123)
Major Cu-containing enzymes include plastocyanin, important for electron transport; cytochrome oxidase, necessary for respiration; and multicopper oxidase, necessary for Fe assimilation. (ref. ID; 6930)
[Cu]
Test organisms;
Protozoa: Colpoda inflata (ref. ID; 1874)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 1317)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophra chlorotica (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 4639, 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 1913, 1914, 4639, 5989)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 4474)
[Cu: an atomic absorption standard solution 1,000 ug Cu per ml (nominal) in 1% HNO3]
Test organisms;
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 121, 127)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 1321)
Rotifera: Lecane hamata (ref. ID; 6861)
Rotifera: Lecane luna (ref. ID; 6861)
Rotifera: Lecane quadridentata (ref. ID; 6861)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 1914)
[[65]Cu2+]
Test organisms;
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6930)
[Copper Chloride]
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6948)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6090)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 4480)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 3326)
[Copper(II) Chloride = Cupric Chloride] CAS[7447-39-4] UN2802
Chemical formula; CuCl2
Chemical characteristics; water soluble
Test organisms;
Protozoa; Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3312, 6123)
Protozoa: Soil protozoan and microbial community (ref. ID; 4584)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6835)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6895)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6860)
Nematoda; Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 2165, 6820)
Nematoda: Plectus acuminatus (ref. ID; 6936)
[Copper(II) Chloride Monohydrate]
Chemical formula; CuCl2/H2O
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus crypticus (ref. ID; 6836)
[Copper(II) Chloride Dihydrate] CAS[10125-13-0] UN2802
Chemical formula; CuCl2/2H2O
Chemical characteristics; water soluble
Test organisms;
Protozoa: Aspidisca cicada (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Blepharisma americanum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Euplotes affinis (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Euplotes patella (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Uronema nigricans (ref. ID; 6011)
Protozoa: Activated sludge protozoan community (ref. ID; 6006)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea tuberculata (ref. ID; 6129)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida andrei (ref. ID; 6954)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 3555)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 498, 506, 4571, 6854)
[Copper(II) Chloride - Copper(II) Hydroxide (1/3); Dicopper chloride trihydroxide: Copper oxychloride]
Trade name; copper chloride (basic) (J): Cupravit, Fernacot, Recop, Reve-col (ICI), Vitigram
Chemical formula; CuCl2/3Cu(OH)2, Cu2Cl2(OH)3, H3ClCu2O3
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 1440 mg/kg
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 3310)
Oligochaeta: Microchaetus sp. (ref. ID; 4437)
[Copper Nitrate]
Test organisms;
Protozoa: Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3548)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena rubida (ref. ID; 6871)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6864)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 3301, 6823)
[Copper(II) Nitrate Trihydrate] CAS[10031-43-3] UN1477
Chemical formula; Cu(NO3)2/3H2O
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6744)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6103)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6744)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6744)
[Copper nitric salts]
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena veneta (ref. ID; 6837)
[Copper(II) Sulfate = Cupric Sulfate] CAS[7758-98-7] UN3077
Chemical formula; CuSO4
Chemical characteristics; water soluble
Test organisms;
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6081)
Protozoa: Colpoda steinii (ref. ID; 499)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 979)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena thermophila (ref. ID; 5999)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 1717)
Rotifera: Brachionus patulus (ref. ID; 6771)
Oligochaeta: Cognettia sphagnetorum (ref. ID; 6116)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6866, 6955)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 6003, 6636)
Nematoda: community (ref. ID; 6859)
[Copper(II) Sulfate Pentahydrate or Pentahydroxide] CAS[7758-99-8] UN3077
Chemical formula; CuSO4/5H2O
Chemical characteristics; water soluble
Trade name; copper sulfate: Blue stone, Blue Viking
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 300 mg/kg
Test organisms;
Green algae (formarly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardi (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Acanthamoeba castellanii (ref. ID; 946)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 939)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Vorticella microstoma (ref. ID; 4989)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 504)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 6840)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 6786)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 3110)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6786)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 3110, 4985, 6079, 6080, 6968)
Nematoda: Caenorhabiditis elegans (ref. ID; 6824)
Nematoda: community (ref. ID; 3304)
Microcosm: Aquatic (ref. ID; 361)
[Sediment Cu pollution]
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)
[Soil Cu pollution]
Test organisms;
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora caliginosa (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora chlorotica (ref. ID; 1433, 5994)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora rosea (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora tuberculata (ref. ID; 6104)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 5994, 6107)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea icterica (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Cognettia sphagnetorum (ref. ID; 6014, 6116)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena madeirensis (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena veneta (ref. ID; 6851)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6750, 6834)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus castaneus (ref. ID; 5994)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus friendi (ref. ID; 5990)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 5989, 5994, 6741, 6892)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 1433, 5994)
[Copper(II) Acetate - Copper(II) Arsenite (1/3)]
Trade name; Paris green: French green
Chemical formula; C4H6As6Cu4O16
Purpose for use; insecticide, repellent
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 32 mg/kg
[Copper bis(cyclopentanecarboxylate)]
Trade name; Copper naphthenate: Cupronate, Cuprinol green
Chemical formula; C12H18CuO4
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 450 mg/kg
[Copper bis(methylarsonate)]
Trade name; Copper methanearsonate
Chemical formula; C2H8As2CuO6
Purpose for use; herbicide
[Copper bis(pentachlorophenolate)]
Trade name; Copper bis(pentachloro phenoxide) (J): PCP-Cu
Chemical formula; C12Cl10CuO2
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper bis(3-phenylsalicylate)]
Trade name; Copper 3-phenylsalicylate
Chemical formula; C26H18CuO6
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 0.52g/kg
[Copper bis(pyridine-N-oxide-2-sulfide)]
Trade name; Cupric omadine
Chemical formula; C10H8CuN2O2S2
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper bis[(Z)-9-octadecenoate]]
Trade name; Copper oleate
Chemical formula; C36H66CuO4
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper Dihydrazine Sulfate]
Trade name; Copper dihydrazine sulfate: Omazene, Omazine
Chemical formula; CuSO4(N2H5)2SO4
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat approx. 590 mg/kg
[Copper(II) Hydroxide] CAS[20427-59-2] UN2811
Trade name; Copper hydroxide (J): Cupric hydroxide, Kocide-220
Chemical formula; Cu(OH)2
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 470 mg/kg
[Copper(II) Hydroxide - Copper(II) Arsenate (1/1)]
Trade name; Copper arsenate (basic)
Chemical formula; Cu(OH)2/Cu3(AsO4)2
Purpose for use; insecticide, fungicide
[Copper(II) Hydroxide - Copper(II) Carbonate (1/1)]
Trade name; copper carbonate (basic)
Chemical formula; Cu(OH)2/CuCO3
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper Hydroxy Nonylbenzenesulfonate]
Trade name; Copper nonylphenolsulfonate (J): Yonepon
Chemical formula; C30H46CuO8S2
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 1670 mg/kg, (female) 1900 mg/kg
[Copper Nitrothioacetate]
Trade name; Copper nitrothioacetate
Chemical formula; C4H4CuN2O6S2
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper(II) octadecanoate = Cupric Octadecanoate]
Trade name; Copper stearate
Chemical formula; C36H70CuO4
Purpose for use; repellent
[Copper(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate]
Trade name; Copper linoleate: Sol-U-Cop
Chemical formula; C36H64CuO4
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper(I) Oxide = cuprous oxide] CAS[1317-39-1]
Trade name; Copper (I) oxide (J): Caocobre, Perenox, Yellow cuprocide
Chemical formula; Cu2O
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 470 mg/kg
[Copper(II) Oxide] CAS[1317-38-0]
Trade name; Copper (II) oxide (J): Copper oxide-Black, Cuprocide
Chemical formula; CuO
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper(II) Oxide - Zinc(II) Oxide - Chromic(VI) Oxide-water (15/10/6/24)]
Trade name; Copper zinc chromate complex: Miller 658 Fungicide
Chemical formula; 15CuO/10ZnO/6CrO3/24H2O
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 6.16 mg/kg
[Copper Phosphate-Sulfate, basic]
Trade name; Copper phosphate-sulfate (basic) (J)
Purpose for use; fungicide
[Copper(II) Sulfate - Copper(II) Hydroxide (1/3)]
Trade name; Copper sulfate (basic)
Chemical formula; CuSO4/3Cu(OH)2
Purpose for use; fungicide
Toxicity; LD50 (oral): rat 300 mg/kg
[Copper Sulfide] CAS[1317-40-4]
Trade name; Copper (II) sulfide
Chemical formula; CuS
Purpose for use; fungicide, repellent
[Copper Thiocyanate] CAS[1111-67-7]
Trade name; Copper (I) thiocyanate
Chemical formula; CuSCN
Purpose for use; fungicide, insecticide