Ref ID : 4875
Wilhelm Foissner; The Infraciliature of Cryptopharynx setigerus Kahl, 1928 and Apocryptopharynx hippocampoides nov. gen., nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with an Account on Evolution in Loxodid Ciliates. Arch.Protistenk 146:309-327, 1995/96
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The morphology and infraciliature of Cryptopharynx setigerus Kahl, 1928, Cryptopharynx spp., and Apocryptopharynx hippocampoides nov. gen., nov. spec. were studied in live and protargol impregnated specimens. The entire somatic and oral infraciliature consists of dikinetids which have both or only the anterior basal bodies ciliated, depending on the region of the cell. The right side is densely ciliated. Its most remarkable specialization is a kinety which extends on the dorsolateral margin from mid-body along the broadly rounded posterior end to the postoral ventral surface. The left side bears a single ciliary row which extends along the cell margins, i.e. is almost circular. The oral infraciliatures of Cryptopharynx and Apocryptopharynx are, like the somatic infraciliatures, very similar to those of Loxodes and Remanella, i.e. consist of two specialized buccal kineties which extend along the right, anterior, and left margin of the buccal overture. These kineties form a paroral ciliature and very likely evolved from somatic ciliary rows, providing support for Small's hypothesis that the oral ciliature of the ciliates is of somatic origin. An intrabuccal kinety extends within the buccal kinety; possibly, it is part of the left lateral ciliature and would then be an adoral. The intrabuccal kinety is slightly curved in Cryptopharynx and clip-shaped elongated in Apocryptopharynx hippocampoides and C. wardi Small & Lynn, 1985, which is thus transferred to the new genus: Apocryptopharynx wardi (Small & Lynn, 1985) nov. comb. The family Cryptopharyngidae Jankowski, 1980 is recognized and defined. A phylogenetic (cladistic) system of loxodid ciliates is outlined, i.e. the Loxodida are defined with two synapomorphies (dorsolateral kinety, epipellicular mucus and/or scales) as monophyletic order containing three families, viz. Loxodidae (genera Loxodes, Remanella), Cryptopharyngidae (Cryptopharynx, Apocryptopharynx and, possibly, Ciliofaurea), and Kentrophoridae (Kentrophoros). Taxonomy and nomenclature of all supraspecific taxa are revised and refined definitions are provided.