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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Pristina

Pristina Ehrenberg, 1828 (ref. ID; 1257, 3692, 6648, 6913, 7211) or 1928 (ref. ID; 6580)

Family Naididae (ref. ID; 5876, 5939, 6554, 7502, 7645, 7854)

Family Naididae: Subfamily Pristininae Lastockin, 1924 (ref. ID; 1257)

ref. ID; 1663

Hair setae present. Dorsal setae beginning in II. Prostomium forming a proboscis. Often in tubes. (ref. ID; 1663)

ref. ID; 1923

First anterior dorsal setae on segment 2 or 3. (ref. ID; 1923)

ref. ID; 6580

Remarks

Brinkhurst (1985) has shown that the genus Pristina (being the only genus of the subfamily Pristininae Lastockin, 1924 up to then) has to be divided into two genera: Pristina Ehrenberg, 1928 (with the species P. synclites Steph., peruviana Cern., aequiseta Bourne, longiseta Ehr., proboscidea Bedd., breviseta Bourne, plumaseta Turner, leidyi Smith, americana Cern., macrochaeta Steph.) and Pristinella Brinkhurst, 1985 (with the species P. rosea (Piguet), amphibiotica (Last.), notopora (Cern.), jenkinae (Steph.), sima (Marcus), longidentata (Harman), menoni (Aiyer), idrensis (Sperber), acuminata (Liang), bilobata (Bret), osborni (Walton), longisoma (Harman), ?arcalinae (Pop.) (ref. ID; 6580)
  1. Pristina acuminata (Liang, 1958) (ref. ID; 6554) reported year? (ref. ID; 5939)
  2. Pristina aequiseta Bourne, 1891 (ref. ID; 1257, 1663, 1923, 1928, 3692, 6554, 7098, 7854) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)
    Syn; Pristina capiliseta Kondo, 1936 (ref. ID; 7098); Pristina nasalis Kondo, 1936 (ref. ID; 7098)
  3. Pristina aequiseta f. aequiseta Bourne (ref. ID; 6609)
  4. Pristina aequiseta f. foreli Piguet (ref. ID; 6609)
  5. Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)
  6. Pristina arcaliae Pop (ref. ID; 7502)
  7. Prisitina amphibiotica Lastockin, 1927 (ref. ID; 1257, 3692)
  8. Pristina bilobata (Bretscher, 1903) (ref. ID; 1257, 3692)
  9. Pristina bilongata (Chen, 1944) (ref. ID; 1923)
  10. Pistina biserrata Chen, 1940 (ref. ID; 6651, 7854)
  11. Pristina breviseta Bourne, 1891 (ref. ID; 1663, 1923, 3692, 6913) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)
  12. Pristina capiliseta Kondo, 1936
    See; Pristina aequiseta (ref. ID; 7098)
  13. Pristina evelinae Marcus, 1943 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)
  14. Pristina foreli (Piguet, 1906) (ref. ID; 1257, 3692, 6554) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939, 7502)
  15. Pristina forelia (Piguet) (ref. ID; 6913)
  16. Pristina idrensis Sperber, 1948 (ref. ID; 1257, 5939)
  17. Pristina jenkinae (Stephenson, 1931) (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)
  18. Pristina leidyi Smith, 1896 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1861, 5939)
  19. Pristina longidentata (ref. ID; 5939)
  20. Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828 (ref. ID; 1257, 1663, 1928, 3692, 6581, 6648, 7854)
  21. Pristina longiseta leidyi Smith, 1896 (ref. ID; 1923)
  22. Pristina longisoma (ref. ID; 5939)
  23. Pristina macrochaeta Stephenson, 1931 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913) or Cernosvitov, 1939 (ref. ID; 6616)
  24. Pristina menoni (Aiyer, 1929) (ref. ID; 3692, 6913) or 1930 (ref. ID; 1257)
  25. Pristina minuta (Stephenson, 1914) (ref. ID; 7650) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)
  26. Pristina nasalis Kondo, 1936
    See; Pristina aequiseta (ref. ID; 7098)
  27. Pristina notopora Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)
  28. Pristina osborni (Walton, 1906) (ref. ID; 1663, 1923, 6554, 6913, 7650)
  29. Pristina papillosa Cernosvitov, 1935 (ref. ID; 3692)
  30. Pristina peruviana Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554)
  31. Pristina plumaseta Turner (ref. ID; 1663, 6913) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)
  32. Pristina plumiseta Turner, 1935 (ref. ID; 1923)
  33. Pristina proboscidea Beddard, 1896 (ref. ID; 6554, 6580, 6913) reported year? (ref. ID; 6609, 7502)
  34. Prisitina rosea (Piguet, 1906) (ref. ID; 1257, 3692)
  35. Pristina rotundirostris (ref. ID; 6580)
  36. Pristina schmiederi Chen, 1944 (ref. ID; 1923)
  37. Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925 (ref. ID; 6554) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)
  38. Pristina unidentata Harman, 1973 (ref. ID; 5939)

Pristina acuminata (Liang, 1958) (ref. ID; 6554) reported year? (ref. ID; 5939)

Remarks

This rare species was first reported in China (Liang 1958) and then in Lake Erie, North America (Spencer 1978). In our material the needles have finer teeth than those illustrated by Spencer. This species is small, and the chaetae are fragile, even the ventrals being frequently broken during collection and preparations of slides. (ref. ID; 6554)

New records

Peru: from the base of a bromeliad, Yaraccyacu, Depto. Ayacucho, May 1971, coll. J. O'Niell, 4 specimens, W.J. Harman collection. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina aequiseta Bourne, 1891 (ref. ID; 1257, 1663, 1923, 1928, 3692, 6554, 7098, 7854) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)

Synonym

Pristina capiliseta Kondo, 1936 (ref. ID; 7098); Pristina nasalis Kondo, 1936 (ref. ID; 7098)

Descriptions

Prostomium with proboscis. Needle bifid or pectinate and needle teeth short, or equal length. (ref. ID; 1663)

Prostomium elongated to form at least a short proboscis. Dorsal needle setae without nodulus and with distal bifurcation formed of equal, fine teeth; well-developed proboscis. (ref. ID; 1923)

Remarks

Chaetae measured 38-47, 35-70, 30-36, 118-237 µm for anterior and posterior ventrals, needles, and hairs, respectively. When giant ventral chaetae characteristic of P. aequiseta are absent, the worms are identifiable in earlier keys as P. foreli, Loden and Harman (1980) showed that the presence of giant chaetae is dependent on the chemical composition of the water that the worms inhabit, as revealed by conductivity, and synonymized the two species. Dumnicka (1986) found specimens without giant chaetae in waters of high salinity and therefore rejected the synonymy, but this can be refuted on the basis that the actual chemical constituent that is necessary for the development of these chaetae has not be identified. Conductivity or salinity alone is unlikely to be the causal agent. As the two forms only differ in this one characteristic, which is known to be labile, the synonymy should stand. Pujals (1985) supported the synonymy of P. aequiseta and P. evelinae, whereas Martinez-Ansemil and Giani (1986) apparently did not. (ref. ID; 6554)

Kondo (1936) originally described Pristina capiliseta and P. nasalis from the water works in Osaka near Lake Biwa. According to his short descriptions, both species have proboscis, no especially elongate hair chaetae, and short and divergent distal teeth in dorsal needles. They are all consistent with P. aequiseta or P. foreli (Piguet) which were later recognized as a single species (Loden & Harman 1980). Serration of hairs described by Kondo (1936) as a discriminating characteristic for P. capiliseta has also been found in P. aequiseta. (ref. ID; 7098)

New record

Peru: Arroya Murilaya, Ojerani, Puno Bay, 12 December 1982, and Bahia del Plata, Lake Titicaca, Peru, 23 December 1982, coll. E. Bustamente; 2 specimens at each location, no giant chaetae; Curanja Balta, August 1966, Lake Yarinacocha, February 1965, Depto. Lorento, Laguna Huacarpay, Depto. Cusco, September 1978, coll. J. O'Neill, A.L. Garder, 17 specimens; Pampas de Heath, South of Puerto Pardo, Depto, Madre de Dios, June 1977, coll. J. O'Neill, 3 specimens, W.J. Harman collection. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)

Remarks

These two taxa are characterized by stiff serrate hair chaetae, needles with long parallel teeth, 4-6 anterior ventral chaetae, and a rudimentary but variable proboscis on the prostomium. There are 2 hairs and needles per bundle in P. americana, 2 or 3 or rarely 4 in P. peruviana. The ventral chaetae vary in form but this characteristic is confounded by the description of two sympatric forms of P. americana (Cernosvitov, 1937). In one form, the ventral chaetae have the upper teeth as long as or shorter than the lower but they are illustrated as being shorter. In the second form the chaetae of the first 2 or 3 bundles supposedly have slightly longer upper teeth but the rest are said to be equal; the illustration in Cernosvitov (1937) appears to show them as shorter (without actually measuring them). In P. peruviana, the anterior chaetae are supposed to have teeth of equal length but the posterior ones have slightly longer upper teeth, but again the illustration tends to suggest the opposite, if anything. Chaetal sizes vary considerably. According to Cernosvitov (1939) the only significant difference between these species is the shape of the needle chaetae. In P. peruviana, the needle teeth are said to be long, parallel, and of equal width and length. Our material from Lake Titicaca, the type locality, sometimes conforms to this pattern, but some needles have slightly shorter and thinner upper teeth. Some of the specimens have spermathecal chaetae on VI that are longer versions of ordinary ventrals, with some having rather longer than usual upper teeth, and penial chaetae in VIII that are thin, straight, and hollow tipped. These are identical with those of mature specimens from the San Juan River, Argentina. In those specimens the differences in length and width of the needle teeth are not found but they are clearly visible. This is why they were attributed to P. americana at first and are so tabulated above. According to Harman (1974) the upper tooth can be missing entirely in P. americana, but in this set the only specimens that appear that way could be misoriented, as these chaetae are broken off their bases and lie free in the mounting medium. It seems to us that these is no difference between the Argentinian and Peruvian specimens greater than the variation already observed within the range of variation of P. americana, and that these two names are potentially synonyms. Details of the reproductive systems need to be established for both these and the following species before such suggestions can be formalized. There are other differences that argue against a synonymy. Dumnicka (1986) identified P. peruviana from Haiti, Anegada, and Vieques in the West Indies. In her specimens the upper teeth of the posterior ventral chaetae are never shorter than the lower ones. The stomach is supposed to dilate in VII in P. americana but in VIII in P. peruviana. Marcus (1947) identified P. peruviana with needle chaetae of variable form, but still distinguished it from P. americana, reporting both species from the Brazilian Amazon basin. About the only difference between the material described above and Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925 is the lack of serrations on the hair chaetae. This character is now known to be labile, and also subject to the degree of development rather than absolute presence or absence, as several authors, including Grimm (1986), have shown that serrations can often be found if scanning electron microscopes are used. Other species (P. proboscidea, for example) are accepted even though they may or may not have serrate hairs (for example, see Brinkhurst and Jamieson 1971, p.406). While the chaetal sizes are small in P. synclites (Grimm gives mean sizes of 300, 70, 78, and 69 µm for hairs, needles, anterior and posterior ventrals, respectively, and actually quotes standard errors as percentages of the mean!), they can no longer be said to be smaller than those of P. americana (including peruviana) if we refer to the measurements of Harman, Marcus, and ourselves cited above. Pristina synclites was the first of the three species to be described, and its name would take precedence in any subsequent synonymy. This species was described from Argentina by Pujals (1985). Two additional specimens from the San Javier River, Santa Fe Province, were originally identified as P. synclites, but this identification was revised when fine serrations were found on the hair chaetae. The ventral chaetae measured 112-118 µm, the needles 90-104 µm with long teeth, more widely separated, unequal in length, and longer than those of the separated, unequal in length, and longer than those of the americana/peruviana specimens. More specimens should be examined before this entity is identified. It should be noted that while the chaetae of P. breviseta also resemble those of these three species, the reproductive system differ, according to Sperber (1948), suggesting that too much reliance on chaetal characters alone can be misleading (ref. ID; 6554)

New records

Argentina: San Juan River, San Juan Province, 14 May 1986, coll. E. Drago, U. Molet, and M. Marchese, 12 specimens. Peru: Murilaya River, Huenque, 19-23 December 1982, and Ojerani, Puno Bay, Lake Titicaca, 12 December 1982, 1983, coll. E. Bustamente, 8 specimens. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina bilongata (Chen, 1944) (ref. ID; 1923)

Descriptions

Prostomium rounded, not elongated to form a proboscis. Dorsal hair setae of segments 3 and 4 very elongate. (ref. ID; 1923)

Pristina breviseta Bourne, 1891 (ref. ID; 1663, 1923, 3692, 6913) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)

Descriptions

Prostomium variable. Needle bifid or pectinate and needle teeth equal in length. (ref. ID; 1663)

Prostomium elongated to form at least a short proboscis. Dorsal hair setae 1 per bundle; short proboscis, living animal flesh red with white dots. (ref. ID; 1923)

Pristina foreli (Piguet, 1906) (ref. ID; 1257, 3692, 6554) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939, 7502)

Descriptions

No eyes. Short proboscis. Dorsal chaetae begin in segment 2 (hair chaetae 1-4 per bundle, crotchets 1-4 per bundle with very short diverging teeth. Ventral chaetae 2-8 per bundle in segments 2-7, with upper tooth longer than lower, but from segment 8 equal, becoming shorter than lower posteriad. Genital chaetae present. 3-6.5 mm. Transparent active. (ref. ID; 1257)

See the description of Pristina aequiseta. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina idrensis Sperber, 1948 (ref. ID; 1257, 5939)

Descriptions

No eyes. Proboscis absent. Dorsal chaetae begin in segment 2 (hair chaetae 1-2 per bundle, crotchets 1-2 per bundle bifid, with long parallel teeth, the upper slightly the shorter). Ventral chaetae 3-7 per bundle, teeth equally long. Genital chaetae present. 3-4 mm. Whitish opaque. Slow moving. (ref. ID; 1257)

Pristina jenkinae (Stephenson, 1931) (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)

Remarks

This species was redescribed by Kathman (1985), who identified several synonymies. The Peruvian specimens had needles of the characteristics shape, lacked a proboscis, and there were (6) 7 or 8 ventral chaetae with short teeth of equal length and breadth. The ventral chaetae are shorter than usual (42-45 rather than 47-55 µm). Rodriguez (1986) did not appear to have access to Kathman's work and described Pristina jenkinae, P. idrensis, and P. rosea. (ref. ID; 6554)

New record

Peru: stream within Machu Picchu, 25 April 1984, coll. R.O. Brinkhurst, 12 specimens. Argentina: Guanacache Pond, San Juan Province, 14 May 1986, coll. E. Drago, U. Molet. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828 (ref. ID; 1257, 1663, 1928, 3692, 6581, 6648, 7854)

Descriptions

Needles with a single point. Proboscis present. (ref. ID; 1663)

Comments

The history of the characterization of Pristina longiseta has been complex since, in 1928, Ehrenberg defined it by a series of characters such as presence of a proboscis and the great length of hair setae in segment III. These have long proved useful in the characterizing this species. The existence of variants in the collections from different parts of the world persuaded Sperber (1948) to classify P. longiseta as a "Rassenkreis", and so she proposed the category of subspecies for the geographic variants, considered as forms until then (Michaelsen 1905). The subspecies were named longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828, leidyi Smith, 1896, bidentata Cernosvitov, 1942 and sinensis Sperber, 1948. Later on, in the revision of the aquatic Oligochaeta of the World, Brinkhurst (1971) included sinensis in the subspecies longiseta and also stated that "it is almost impossible to separate leidyi from the combination of the (other) two". Continuing with this process of synthesis, Harman and MacMahan (1975) made a new combination of leidyi and bidentata, and gave specific rank to this new taxon, named Pristina leidyi Smith. This taxon would differ from longiseta essentially by the presence of very finely bifid needles in dorsal bundles, and by having ventral setae in segment II larger than the rest, including those of segment III. So, the old cosmopolitan and polytypic species P. longiseta rested as monotypic taxon of the Old World with P. leidyi as the American species. Nevertheless, Harman and MacMahan recognized "considerable variability" all along the distribution of the species. (ref. ID; 6581)

This species is common in Japan. All the Japanese material examined had serrated hairs in II as well as in IV and onwards and bifid needles with short and diverged teeth, as Yamaguchi (1953, 1965) once noted and illustrated. In the Japanese material, the ventral chaetae in II are 4-6 per bundle, 56-64 µm long, being more numerous and a little longer than those in III (2-4 per bundle, 56-60 µm long) and in the following segments (3-5 per bundle, 49-54 µm long); the ventral chaetae in III are often thickened. These characteristics of the Japanese material cover both features of P. longiseta and P. leidyi, which supports the opinon that both should be merged into the single species P. longiseta (Rodriguez 1987; Paoletti & Sambugar 1996). The density of serration in dorsal hairs has been used as an infraspecific criterion (Sperber 1948). However, it is variable even within a single individual and not significant for taxonomic discrimination. In the Japanese material, dorsal hairs are devoid of serration proximally, while the teeth of serration are more than 5 µm apart medially and become closer toward the distal end, where they are less than 1 µm apart. (ref. ID 6648)

Material examined

One immature individual, Ohura bay (the northern lake), 0.5 m depth, 6th November, 1994, collected by Y. Masuda. Five immature specimens, a shallow pond with dense vegetation, Wakasakkanai, Soya, Hokkaido, 29th October, 1984. Seven immature individuals, a water tank, Odate, Akita Pref, 13th June, 1997. (ref. ID 6648)

Pristina longiseta leidyi Smith, 1896 (ref. ID; 1923)

Descriptions

Prostomium elongated to form at least a short proboscis. Dorsal hair setae of segment 3 very elongate; dorsal needles simple pointed. (ref. ID; 1923)

Pristina macrochaeta Stephenson, 1931 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913) or Cernosvitov, 1939 (ref. ID; 6616)

Remarks

In our material, the hairs, needles, anterior and posterior chaetae measured up to 476, 43-50, 91-105, and 70-84 µm, respectively. The literature equivalents are 630, 60, 107-112, and 70-90 µm, respectively. Although the chaetae are smaller than usual, the dorsals begin in IV and are prominently serrated, which is characteristic. (ref. ID; 6554)

New records

Peru: Pampas de Heath, south of Puerto Pardo, Depto. Madre de Dios, June 1977, coll. J. O'Niell, 2 specimens, W.J. Harman collection. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina menoni (Aiyer, 1929) (ref. ID; 3692, 6913) or 1930 (ref. ID; 1257)

Descriptions

No eyes. No proboscis. Dorsal chaetae begin in segment 2. Hair chaetae 1-2 per bundle, crotchets 1-2 per bundle, simple pointed or with a very short upper tooth, strongly curved distally. Ventral chaetae 2-5 per bundle; in anterior bundles upper tooth longer but in posterior bundles shorter than lower tooth. Genital chaetae present. 7 mm. White, somewhat opaque slow moving. (ref. ID; 1257)

Pristina minuta (Stephenson, 1914) (ref. ID; 7650) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)

Descriptions

I did not find sexual worms, only several chains of two individuals each and isolated specimens wih or without budding zone. The live animals without budding zone are from 2.5 to 2.7 mm long, and the number of segments varies from 18 to 22. The budding zone lies in segment 12; only in one specimen it was in 10. The setae start in segment 2. The dorsal bundles have one hair seta and one needle seta. The nearly at straight hair setae are smooth. In segment 2 they attain from 124 to 130 µm, mean 127 µm, in 3 to 5 or 7 they are slightly longer, measuring from 155 to 191 µm, mean 172 µm, and in posterior segments they vary from 82 to 174 µm, mean 132 µm. The bifid needles are somewhat curved in the ectal third, where they may or not have a small nodulus. They vary from 30 to 45 µm, mean 37 µm long. The proximal tooth is about 1/3 longer than the distal one. The ventral bundles have 2 or 3 setae in segment 2; in segments 3 to 7 or 8 the number is 4 to 5, and in the posterior ones there are 3, rarely 2 setae. Their length goes from 35 to 53 µm, mean 47 µm. In each seta, the proximal tooth is somewhat thicker than the distal one, which is 1/3 to 1/4 longer. In the setae from 2, the nodulus is more or less in the middle of the shaft; from 3 backwards it is more distal. Setal measures in micra from one specimen are given in the following table 1. The extended prostomium is slightly longer than wide. Contracted its length is reduced to half the breadth. Eyes are wanting. The coelomic corpuscles are rounded, their diameter varies from 12 to 20 µm. The plasma is full of granules resistant to alcohol and xylene; under reflected light they are milky white and under refracted light their color is dark gray. Nephridia occur in 3 or 4 segments; commonly the first one is paired and the other ones single. They were seen in the following combinations of segments: 9, 11, 14, 17 or 9, 11, 13, 15 or 9, 11, 12, 14 or 9, 12, 16. Intra-specificvariability of the number and position of nephridia is already known from other Naididae (Stepheson 1930, 236; Marcus 1943, 130). Septal glands occur on the septa 3/4, 4/5 and 5/6; the first may be absent. The stomach lies in segment 6 and the intestine enlarges in 8. In the stomachal epithelium there are numerous canaliculi, as in other species of Pristina (Marcus 1943, 122; Sperber 1948, 25), but I was unable to determine whether they are intra or inter-cellular. In one specimen the stomach lies in segments 6 and 7 and the intestie enlarges in 9. Chloragogen cells occur from 4 backwards. (ref. ID; 7650)

Remarks

Probably Pristina minuta is synonimous to P. osborni (Walton 1906) described from Cedar Point, North America, as suggests Sperbre (1948, 222). In his recent revision, Brinkhurst (1971, 395) considers the synonimy established. Nothwithstanding the differences in number of segments and length of dorsal setae make it advisale to wait until the North American material has been reinvestigated. According to Stout (1958, 292) the P. minuta of Marcus does not agree with Stephenson's species due the absence of a nodulus in the needle setae of the Brazilian animals. But, as far as I can see, the needles may or not have a small nodulus. In about 80% of warms there are specimens of the Ciliata, Peritricha, Epistylidae attached to the proximal third of the hair setae and some to the ventral setae. (ref. ID; 7650)

Distribution

Pakistan: Lahore (Stephenson 1914, 327); India: Cuddapah (Naidu 1963, 206); Brazil: Sao Pedro (Marcus 1943, 129) and Serra do cipo. This species was collected soil samples on a moist area near Capivara River at Serra do Cipo (about 19 degrees 30'S-43 degrees 45'W), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil in September 1972. The region, 900 m high, belongs of the Esphinhaco system. (ref. ID; 7650)

Pristina notopora Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554, 6913)

Remarks

The fine needle teeth are only 1 µm long and diverge widely. The posterior ventral chaetae have the upper tooth as long as the lower, not shorter as stated, but this is often a matter of subjective judgement where the difference is not pronounced. (ref. ID; 6554)

New record

Peru: Curanja Balta River, Depto. Loreto, August 1966, coll. A.L. Gardner, W.J. Harman collection. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina osborni (Walton, 1906) (ref. ID; 1663, 1923, 6554, 6913, 7650)

Descriptions

Needles bifid or pectinate. Prostomium without proboscis. (ref. ID; 1663)

Prostomium rounded, not elongated to form a proboscis. Dorsal hair setae of all segments approximately equal in length. (ref. ID; 1923)

Remarks

Our material conforms well to the description of this species, the chaetae measuring 80-112, 25-30, and 30-40 µm for hairs, needles, and ventrals, all within the usual range. (ref. ID; 6554)

New record

Peru: Lurin River near Cienequilla, Depto. Lima, August 1970, coll. J. O'Niell. Argentina: Sali River, Tucoman Province, 11 May 1986, La Vina dam, Cordoba Province, 16 May 1986, coll. E. Drago and U. Molet. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina peruviana Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554)

Remarks

See the description of Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937 (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina plumaseta Turner (ref. ID; 1663, 6913) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 5939)

Descriptions

Prostomium with proboscis. Needle bifid or pectinate and needle teeth unequal in length. Rare species. (ref. ID; 1663)

Pristina plumiseta Turner, 1935 (ref. ID; 1923)

Descriptions

Prostomium elongated to form at least a short proboscis. Dorsal needle setae with nodulus and with distal bifurcation formed of unequal, fine teeth; short proboscis. (ref. ID; 1923)

Pristina proboscidea Beddard, 1896 (ref. ID; 6554, 6580, 6913) reported year? (ref. ID; 6609, 7502)

Remarks

In this material the hair chaetae are up to 370 µm long, longer than in specimens from Surinam (Harman 1974) but the other chaetae are within the usual ranges. Grimm (1987) considers this species a synonym of P. longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828. (ref. ID; 6554)

New record

Argentina: San Javier River, Santa Fe Province, 1984, coll. M. Marchese, 2 specimens Peru: Lake Yarinacocha, Depto. Loreto, 1965, coll. J. O'Niell, 2 specimens, W.J. Harman collection. (ref. ID; 6554)

Pristina schmiederi Chen, 1944 (ref. ID; 1923)

Descriptions

Prostomium elongated to form at least a short proboscis. Dorsal hair setae 2 or 3 per bundle; long proboscis. (ref. ID; 1923)