Tripyla

Tripyla Bastian, 1865 (ref. ID; 3570)

Subphylum Penetrantia: Order Enoplida: Suborder Trypilina: Family Tripylidae (ref. ID; 1276)

Enoplida Filipjev, 1929: Family Tripylidae De Man, 1876: Subfamily Tripylinae De Man, 1876 (ref. ID; 3570)

Family Tripylidae (ref. ID; 880, 6182, 6740)

ref. ID; 1663

Stoma obscure, narrow; amphid reduced and obscure. Anterior margin of body almost flat; small tooth located dorsally in stoma; large genus. Common species. (ref. ID; 1663)

ref. ID; 1795, 6859

Predator. (ref. ID; 1795, 6859)

ref. ID; 1923

Stoma collapsed, male with papilloid preanal supplements. Freshwater. (ref. ID; 1923)

ref. ID; 3570

Type species

Tripyla glomerans Bastian, 1865 (ref. ID; 3570)

Tripyla affinis De Man, 1880 (ref. ID; 3570) reported year? (ref. ID; 1795)
Syn; Tripyla tatrica Stefanski, 1924 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla arenicola De Man, 1880
See; Trischistoma arenicola (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla asiatica Rahm, 1938 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla austriaca (subsp.) Micoletzky, 1922
See; Tripyla filicaudata subsp. austriaca (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla bulbifera Rahm, 1932 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla circulata Micoletzky, 1913
See; Prodesmodora circulata (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla conicaudata (Stekhoven, 1951) Goodey, 19163 (ref. ID; 3570)
Syn; Trischistoma conicaudatum Stekhoven, 1951 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla cornuta Skwarra, 1921 (ref. ID; 3570) reported year? (ref. ID; 1795)
Tripyla crassicauda Daday, 1899 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla crystallifera (subsp.) Micoletzky, 1922
See; Tripyla glomerans (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla dentata Daday, 1894 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla filicaudata De Man, 1880 (ref. ID; 3570)
Syn; Tripyla filicaudata subsp. hoehnei Rahm, 1928 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla filipjevi (Micoletzky, 1923) (ref. ID; 3570)
See; Tripyla glomerans (ref. ID; 3570)
Syn; Promonchus filipjevi (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla gigantea Daday, 1897 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla glomerans Bastian, 1865 (ref. ID; 880, 881, 1899, 3570)
Syn; Promononchus filipjevi Micoletzky, 1923 (ref. ID; 3570); Tripyla papillata Butschli, 1873 (ref. ID; 3570); Tripyla papillata subsp. crystallifera Micoletzky, 1922 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla gracilis De Cillis, 1917 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla hoehnei (subsp.) Rahm, 1928
See; Tripyla filicaudata (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla intermedia Butschli, 1873 (ref. ID; 2592, 3570)
See; Paratripyla intermedia (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla lata Cobb, 1914 (ref. ID; 3570) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1923)
Tripyla longicauda (subsp.) Rahm, 1922
See; Trischistoma monohystera (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla marina Butschli, 1874
See; Tripyloides marinus (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla minor Cobb, 1893
See; Trischistoma arenicola (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla monohystera De Man, 1880
See; Trischistoma monohystera (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla papillata Butschli, 1873 (ref. ID; 2592, 3570)
See; Tripyla glomerans (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla punctata Stefanski, 1916 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla pygmaea Micoletzky, 1922 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla salsa Bastian, 1865 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla setifera Butschli, 1873 (ref. ID; 1795, 2588, 2592, 3570)
Tripyla setifera subsp. triloboides Rahm, 1932 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla tartrica Stefanski, 1924
See; Tripyla affinis (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla tenuicauda Cobb, 1893 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla tenuis Brzeski, 1964 (ref. ID; 3570)
Tripyla triloboides (subsp.) Rahm, 1932
See; Tripyla setifera subsp. triloboides (ref. ID; 3570)

Tripyla glomerans Bastian, 1865 (ref. ID; 880, 881, 1899, 3570)

Synonym

Promononchus filipjevi Micoletzky, 1923 (ref. ID; 3570); Tripyla papillata Butschli, 1873 (ref. ID; 3570); Tripyla papillata subsp. crystallifera Micoletzky, 1922 (ref. ID; 3570)

Descriptions

T. glomerans can be recognized because of large body, cephalic sensilla larger than outer labial ones, body pores along lateral chord, tail shape, spicule and gubernaculum length and shape, and large number of ventromedian supplementary papillae (Brazeski & Winiszewska-Slipinska (1993)). (ref. ID; 1899)

Female: Body after fixation in most cases strongly curved ventrad, rarely undulated; tapering mainly towards the posterior end; maximum body width anterior, at or slightly posterior to vulva. Cuticle with the appearance of two detached layers; its thickness variable: 4.0-5.0 µm at lip region, 8.0-12.0 µm around mid-body, and 2.0-3.0 µm at the posterior part of tail. Both layers of cuticle annulated; the outer layer with widely spaced annuli (annulus width 2.5-3.0 µm), inner layer with narrower annuli (annulus width 1.0-1.5 µm). First annulus situated 26.0-32.0 µm from anterior body end. Annuli of the outer layer inconspicuous on extreme posterior part of tail. Somatic setae absent. Scarcely distributed body pores present. Each body pore supplied with an internal plug-like structure (seta?) that was never seen protruding out of the body pore. Their distribution on each side of the body as follows: 4-5 subdorsal and 4 subventral on pharyngeal region, 3-4 subdorsal and 2-3 subventral between base of pharynx and vulva, 1-2 subdorsal and 2 subventral between vulva and anus, and 2 lateral on tail. Metanemes inconspicuous in most specimens, seen only in three specimens, a maximum, of three orthometanemes on each side of the body. Very densely packed crystalloid bodies present all over the body, situated in the pseudocoelom. Lip region bluntly rounded, slightly narrower than the adjacent body; smooth. Lips united to form three lobes, the two subdorsal lips forming the dorsal lobe, each lateral lip with each of the subventral lip forming the two ventrolateral lobes, giving a triradiate appearance to the mouth opening. Internally two incompletely separated liplets stick out from each lobe. Sensilla in three circles: an inner ring of six labial papillae situated at the border of the mouth opening, a second ring of six outer labial setiform papillae (2.0-3.5 µm) and a more posterior ring of four slightly longer (3.5-4.0 µm) cephalic setae. Amphids stirrup-shaped with transverse oval opening, situated in the unstriated part of the anterior end, 14.3-22.2% corresponding body width; situated 0.4-0.6 lip region width from anterior body end; fusus amphidialis just behind fovea, as long as fovea. Stoma narrow and indistinct. A pair of minute ventrosublateral denticles and a single relatively prominent dorsal tooth present, dorsal tooth situated 22.0-26.0 µm from anterior body end. The ventrosublateral denticles situated 2.5-3.5 µm anterior to the dorsal tooth. Dorsal pharyngeal gland opening close to base of the dorsal tooth. Pharynx cylindrical and muscular. Nerve ring at about one-third of pharyngeal length. Cardia as wide as long. Three prominent (12x20-22 µm) cells are situated at the junction of the cardia with the pharynx base. On each side of the body, close to the base of the pharynx is situated a prominent coelomocyte. Coelomocyte wider than long. Excretory pore situated 68.0-79.0 µm from the anterior body end. Ventral gland cells not observed. Cells of intestinal wall filled with brown granules. Intestine leading to 41.0-51.0 µm long rectum. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Position with respect to intestine variable. Spermatheca indistinct in young females, distinct and offset in mature females, full of congested spermatozoa in impregnated females. Vagina with thick and well cuticularized wall, 44.5-50.6% corresponding body width; with well developed sphincter muscle. Vulva anterior to or at mid-body. Tail elongate-conoid gradually narrowing posteriorly, about 9 rectal lengths long, usually curved ventrad. Caudal glands three, granular; two of them almost at the same level, close to the rectum, the third situated more posteriorly; terminating about 11.0 µm long spinneret. Spinneret opening terminal. (ref. ID; 1899)

Male: Resembling female in many respects except the following. Posterior part of body more strongly curved ventrad than is in female; maximum body width often at the level where the two testes join the gonoduct. Distribution of pores on each side of the body as follows: 4 subdorsal and 4 subventral on pharyngeal region, 6-7 subdorsal and 2-4 subventral between base of pharynx and cloacal opening, and 2 lateral on tail. Three granular coelomocytes present anterior to the level of the cardia. Reproductive system diorchic with the posterior testis reflexed posteriad; situated ventral to the intestine. Spicules horn-shaped, wider anteriorly and gradually narrowing and slightly curved ventrad towards their tip. Their wider part entangled in a well developed muscular cap and dorsally extending retractor muscle. Gubernaculum straight and short with a hook-shaped distal side. A pair of, one short and one long, ejaculatory glands present on each side of the body. Vas deferens long, extending anterior to mid-body; component cells uniformly granular. Spermatozoa elongated, 13.0-20.0 µm long, about 5.0 µm wide at the widest end, tapering on one end. Ventral supplements in the form of small papillae, distributed along the ventromedian line, the first situated anterior to the excretory pore, 55.0-65.0 µm from anterior body end; the last situated 60.0-70.0 µm anterior to the cloacal opening. (ref. ID; 1899)

Intersex (n=3): Resembling female in every respect except the following. In addition to female characteristics, these three specimens had male characteristics i.e. possessed spicules and a single ventromedian supplement. Two of the three intersex specimens possessed a pair of spicules; each spicule attached to a well developed retractor muscle. In these specimens the single ventromedian papilloid supplement was situated about 75.0 µm from the cloacal opening. The third specimen possessed three spicules, a pair of smaller spicules on the right and a single, bigger spicule on the left side. In this specimen the only ventromedian supplement was situated more posteriorly (45.0 µm from clacocal opening). Gubernaculum, vas deferens and testis were absent. No spematozoa observed in the female reproductive system. (ref. ID; 1899)