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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Gammarinema

Gammarinema Kinne & Gerlach, 1953 (ref. ID; 3571)

Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929: Family Monhysteridae De Man, 1876: Subfamily Monhysterinae De Man, 1876 (ref. ID; 3571)

Chromadoria: Superfamily Monhysteroidea: Family Monhysteridae De Man, 1876 (ref. ID; 7906)

ref. ID; 3571

Type species

Gammarinema gammari Kinne & Gerlach, 1953 (ref. ID; 3571)
  1. Gammarinema cambari (Allen, 1933) Osche, 1955 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Rhabditis cambari Allen, 1933 (ref. ID; 3571)
  2. Gammarinema cardisoma Riemann, 1968 (ref. ID; 3571)
  3. Gammarinema gammari Kinne & Gerlach, 1953 (ref. ID; 3571, 7906)
  4. Gammarinema ligiae Gerlach, 1967 (ref. ID; 3571)

Gammarinema gammari Kinne & Gerlach, 1953 (ref. ID; 3571, 7906)

Descriptions

Cephalic cuticular structures: The somatic cuticle is almost identical to the cuticle of Monhystera sp. and differs only in minor detail (peripheral layer of the mesocuticle is more pronounced), there are some differences in measurements. On the bend to the apical surface of the cephalic (at the level of the stome bottom), the cuticle begins to thicken because of the gradual separation of exo- and endocuticle and the gradual expansion of the mesocuticle layer. Before contact with the esophastome, the thickness of the cephalic cuticle increases by 5.1-6.3 times. In the cephalic part, all layers are modifed. The cortex becomes considerably stronger (however, its thickness is uneven), regular radial striations disappear transforming into dense fine granulation. Close to the base of the lips, in the peripheral layer of exocuticle, a complex combination of dark stripes appears, oriented at a straight or almost straight angle to the rxternal surface and forming a dense striation parallel to the surface. The mesocuticle of the cephalic area is a rough granulated matrix, crossed with sparse irregular tubercles of finely granulated fibrous material, which connects layers of the exo- and endocuticle. The endocuticle of the cephalic area is composed of the same fibrous material as in the somatic cuticle, but it differs in greater and more uneven thickness. The external cephalic cuticle is sharply separated with the suture from the cuticle of the oral cavity. The cuticle of the esophastome has a simple structure. It is not subdivided into layers but consists of homogeneous or granulous material, sometime with larger inclusions. The cuticle of the most anterior, cup-shaped part is noticeably thicker (up to 870 nm) than that of the posterior (ventral) part (180-200 nm) of the complex esostome. The esophagus collar surrounds the esophastome until the middle of the anterior cup-shaped chamber. The cuticular walls of the posterior, smaller chamber, form an irregular process; under the optical microscope, at this site of the stome, small teeth are visible (Chesunov and Pletnikova 1986). The esophagus is connected with the somatic cuticle by tonofibrilla as it is in Monhystera sp. (ref. ID; 7906)

Examined materials

This species were collected and fixed in the summers of 1985-1987 at the White Sea Biological Station of Moscow State University (Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea, the Karelian shore, Kindo Peninsula). (ref. ID; 7907)