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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Criconemoides

Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 5832)

Order Tylenchida: Family Criconematidae (ref. ID; 7649)

Suborder Tylenchina: Family Criconematidae (ref. ID; 3547)

See Criconemella (ref. ID; 5832)

ref. ID; 1663

Cuticle strongly annulated; body stout. Annules without spines or scales. (ref. ID; 1663)

ref. ID; 1923

Cuticle of female very coarsely striated, annules somewhat overlapping; females without sheath. (A large genus, primarily terrestrial.) (ref. ID; 1923)

ref. ID; 6691

Plant parasites. (ref. ID; 6691)
  1. Criconemoides amorphus DeGrisse, 1967 (ref. ID; 5838)
  2. Criconemoides annulatus Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 5838)
    Syn; Criconemoides hemisphaericaudatus Wu, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838); Criconemoides rotundicaudatus Wu, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)
  3. Criconemoides brevistyla (Singh & Khera, 1975)
    See; Macroposthonia brevistyla (ref. ID; 5838)
  4. Criconemoides californicus Diab & Jenkins, 1966
    See; Nothocriconemella kovacsi (ref. ID; 5958)
  5. Criconemoides dorsoflexus Boonduang & Ratanaprapa, 1974
    See; Macroposthonia curvata (Raski, 1952) DeGrisse & Loof, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)
  6. Criconemoides fimbriatus Thorne & Malek, 1968
    See; Criconemoides informis (ref. ID; 5838)
  7. Criconemoides hemisphaericaudatus Wu, 1965
    See; Criconemoides annulatus (ref. ID; 5838)
  8. Criconemoides humilis Raski & Riffle, 1967 (ref. ID; 5838)
  9. Criconemoides informis (Micoletzky, 1922) Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 5838)
    Syn; Criconemoides fimbriatus Thorne & Malek, 1968 (ref. ID; 5838)
  10. Criconemoides inusitatus Hoffmann, 1974 (ref. ID; 5838)
  11. Criconemoides kamaliei Khan, 1971
    See; Macroposthonia bakeri (Wu, 1965) DeGrisse & Loof, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)
  12. Criconemoides kashmirensis Mahajan & Bijral, 1963
    See; Nothocriconemella mutabilis (ref. ID; 5958)
  13. Criconemoides kashmirensis Mahajan & Bijral, 1973 (ref. ID; 5838, 7649 original paper)
    See; Nothocriconema mutabile (Taylor, 1936) DeGrisse & Loof, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)
  14. Criconemoides macrodorum Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 7649)
  15. Criconemoides magnoliae Edward & Misra, 1964 (ref. ID; 5958, 7649)
    See; Nothocriconemella mutabilis (ref. ID; 5958)
  16. Criconemoides mongolensis Andrassy, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)
  17. Criconemoides morgensis (Hofmanner, In Hofmanner & Menzel, 1914) Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 5838)
  18. Criconemoides mutabelis Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 7649)
  19. Criconemoides nainitalense Edward & Misra, 1963 (ref. ID; 7649)
  20. Criconemoides parakouensis Germani & Luc, 1976
    See; Macroposthonia rotundicauda (Loof, 1964) DeGrisse & Loof, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)
  21. Criconemoides petasus Wu, 1965
    See; Nothocriconema petasum (ref. ID; 5935)
  22. Criconemoides pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979 (ref. ID; 5838 original paper)
  23. Criconemoides raskii Goodey, 1965
    See; Nothocriconemella mutabilis (ref. ID; 5958)
  24. Criconemoides rotundicaudatus Wu, 1965
    See; Criconemoides annulatus (ref. ID; 5838)
  25. Criconemoides siddiqii Khan, 1964
    See; Nothocriconemella kovacsi (ref. ID; 5958)
  26. Criconemoides vernus Raski & Golden, 1966 (ref. ID; 5838)
  27. Criconemoides xenoplax (ref. ID; 3547, 7621)

Criconemoides annulatus Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 5838)

Synonym

Criconemoides hemisphaericaudatus Wu, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838); Criconemoides rotundicaudatus Wu, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)

Notes

Wu (1965) did not include en face sections in her descriptions of C. hemisphaericaudatus and C. rotundicaudatus and the head of C. annulatus described by Raski and Golden (1966) apparently lacked lips. En face sections of female C. hemisphaericaudatus and C. rotundicaudatus from Canada and one of C. annulatus from California were examined. The lips regions were similar to that of C. pleriannulatus in all specimens with four submedian lobes fused dorsally and ventrally, joined laterally by the reduced lateral pseudolips. The oral aperture of the three species was I shaped and the amphids at the base of the lateral pseudolips were slitlike in C. hemisphaericaudatus and C. rotundicaudatus and oval in C. annulatus. Wu (1965) separated C. hemisphaericaudatus from C. rotundicaudatus partly by the males which differed respectively in number of incisures (four vs. two), tail shape (round vs. pointed), and spicule lengths (26-30 vs. 40-45 µm). Included in the type collection of C. rotundicaudatus males was a female reported by Wu as a Criconemoides sp. but which is identified as Nothocriconema longulum (Gunhold, 1953) DeGrisse and Loof, 1965 (syn. Criconemoides quasidemani Wu, 1965). Comparison of C. rotundicaudatus males with those of C. quasidemani in the UCNSC indicated that the male of C. rotundicaudatus was misidentified by Wu and cannot be differentiated from that C. quasidemani. Wu (1965) stated that head annules were lacking in the male of C. rotundicaudatus; however, one to three faint basal annules are discernable, apical annules are lacking. The male tail of C. quasidemani differed from that of Raski and Golden (1966) by tapering to a more finely pointed terminus and by having faint tail annules which originally were stated to be absent. Wu more accurately illustrated the male tail of N. longulum. (ref. ID; 5838)

Criconemoides informis (Micoletzky, 1922) Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 5838)

Synonym

Criconemoides fimbriatus Thorne & Malek, 1968 (ref. ID; 5838)

Notes

Criconemoides fimbriatus was considered distinctive because of the small number of coarse, crenate annules, short stylet, and vulval position. Comparison with C. informis indicates that the number of annules (51-61 vs. 48-74 µm), stylet lengths (55-60 vs. 56-63 µm), vulval position (7 vs. 6-9), the robust stylets, crenate annules, and the shape and structure of the head and tail overlap. Criconemoides fimbriatus, therefore, cannot with certainty be separated from C. informis and should be considered synonymous with the latter species. (ref. ID; 5838)

Criconemoides kashmirensis Mahajan & Bijral, 1973 (ref. ID; 5838, 7649 original paper)

See

Nothocriconema mutabile (Taylor, 1936) DeGrisse & Loof, 1965 (ref. ID; 5838)

Descriptions

The worms on death assume a slightly ventrally arcuate position. Body annules 117, retrorse except for the first annule. Lip region of two annules, first annule 12 µm in diameter, anteriorly directed. Second annule retrorse, slightly larger than the first but smaller than the succeeding body annules. Sublateral lobes present. Stylet 51 µm long, stylet base 9 µm across. Oesophagus typically criconematoid with a clavate basal bulb. Excretory pore on 29th body annule. Intestine full of refractive granules. Vulva located on the 10th annule from tail terminus. Spermatheca present, full of sperms, 18x10 µm in size. Tail conoid, ending in a terminus with three points in outline. Anus located on 7th annule from tail terminus. (ref. ID; 7649)
  • Male: Not found. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Remarks

    Criconemoides kashmirensis n. sp. comes closest to C. mutabelis Taylor, 1936 and C. magnoliae Edward and Misra, 1964. From C. mutabelis it can be differentiated by the presence of two lip annules and a spermatheca while from C. magnoliae the present from differs in the presence of sublateral lobes, smaller stylet and the absence of any cuticular markings. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Host

    From soil around the roots of Gypsophilla sp. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Locality

    University Campus, Srinagar. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Deposited materials

  • Holotype: Slide no.RM/Crico/1. (ref. ID; 7649)
  • Paratypes 25 females: Slide nos.RM/Crico/2-7. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Measurements

  • Holotype (female): L=0.45 mm, a=10.8, b=3.6, c=26.5, V=91%, R=117, RSt=16, ROes=27, REx=29, RV=10, Ran=7, Stylet 51 µm. (ref. ID; 7649)
  • Paratypes (female n=25): L=0.39-0.46 mm, a=10-11, b=3.5-3.9, c=?, V=90-92%, R=110-121, RSt=16-18, ROes=25-28, REx=7-29, RV=9-11, Stylet 46-51 µm. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Criconemoides macrodorum Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 7649)

    Descriptions

  • Female: Lip region of two annules, set off from body. Spear very long, greatly attenuated and slender. Basal knobs small and anteriorly directed. Vulva on the 11th annule from tail terminus. Tail conical with rounded terminus, tail annules gradually decreasing in thickness and diameter. (ref. ID; 7649)
  • Male: Not found. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Remarks

    The present specimens agree in almost all characters with the descriptions of Taylor (1936) and Corbett (1962) and are accordingly placed in the same species. All the specimens had the stylet invariably protracted. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Host

    Forest soil. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Locality

    Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Deposited materials

    Paratypes 3 females: Slide no.RM/Crico/9. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Measurements

    Female (n=3): L=0.2-0.25 mm, a=8-11, b=2-3, c=?, V=88-90%, R=107-120, RSt=33-41, ROes=43-60, RV=11-13, Stylet 90-115 µm. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Criconemoides mutabelis Taylor, 1936 (ref. ID; 7649)

    Descriptions

    Total body annules 107-118, consistently retrorse except for the first annule. Lip region with one annule, rounded. Stylet 52 µm long, robust, basal knobs broad with anteriorly directed processes. Vulva on the 10th annule from tail terminus. Spermatheca absent. Tail tip bluntly rounded, ending in a complex terminus with two points. (ref. ID; 7649)
  • Male: Not found. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Remarks

    The present specimens resemble C. mutabelis Taylor, 1936 in their general characters and are accordingly assigned to it. However, these are longer and the total number of body annules is slightly more. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Host

    From around the roots of Helianthus anus. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Locality

    University Campus, Srinagar. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Deposited materials

    Paratypes 4 females: Slide no.RM/Crico/8. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Measurements

    Female: L=0.46 mm, a=9.3, b=4.9, c=?, V=92.5%, R=107, RSt=14, ROes=19, RV=10, Stylet 52 µm. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Criconemoides nainitalense Edward & Misra, 1963 (ref. ID; 7649)

    Descriptions

    First lip annule smaller than the succeeding annules. Submedian lobes present, not extending beyond the labial disc. Stylet 73 µm long with anteriorly directed basal knobs. Anastomosis of annules observed. Vulva located on 7th annule from tail terminus. Anus located two annules posterior to vulva. Tail conoid rounded, terminus varying from blunt shape to trifid in appearance. (ref. ID; 7649)
  • Male: Not found. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Remarks

    The present specimens conform to the description of Edward and Misra (1963). However, these specimen possess greater length, more body annules and the vulva is located slightly more posteriorly. Also the tail terminus varies from a blunt end to a trifid shape in outline. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Host

    From around the roots of Juglans regia. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Locality

    Gagribal, Srinagar, Kashmir. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Deposited materials

    Paratypes 18 females: Slide nos.RM/Crico/10-17. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Measurements

    Female (n=18): L=0.47-0.64 mm, a=9-14, b=4.2-4.6, c=26-33, V=91-94%, R=106-114, RSt=18-21, ROes=25-27, REx=26-28, RV=7-8, Ran=5-6, Stylet 66-73 µm. (ref. ID; 7649)

    Criconemoides pleriannulatus Ebsary, 1979 (ref. ID; 5838 original paper)

    Diagnosis

    Criconemodies pleriannulatus is most similar to C. annulatus and C. morgensis. It differs from C. annulatus by having a flexible stylet, prominent conical vulval lips (simple, rounded lips confluent with body annules in C. annulatus). Excretory pore more posterior in C. pleriannulatus (48-50 vs. 34-43) and first three body annules retrorse (rounded in C. annulatus). Criconemoides pleriannulatus differs from C. morgensis in having more body annules (143-157 vs. 101-133) and a greater number of annules between the head and the following: stylet (26-33 vs. 19-22), esophagus (42-49 vs. 28-33), and excretory pore (48-50 vs. 28-39). Stylet and prorhabdion longer in C. pleriannulatus (90-97 vs. 68-91 µm and 73-80 vs. 59-69 µm, respectively). First three annules retrorse in C. pleriannulatus (rounded in C. morgensis); tail terminuts truncate to hemispherical without lobes (rounded conical with one to three lobes in C. morgensis). (ref. ID; 5838)

    Descriptions

  • Female: Body tapers slightly anteriorly, head flattened giving truncate outline. Lips obscure, head continuous with body. Dorsal and ventral submedian lobes fused. Amphids slitlike at base of lateral pseudolips. Oral aperture round due to protruded stylet. Stylet flexible, prorhabdion 73-80 µm long. Stylet knobs 9 to 10 µm in diameter, anterior surfaces indented, ventral less pronounced than dorsal. Body annules 150(143-157) retrorse, 3 µm thick, margins very finely crenate. Anastomoses variable, numbering 2 to 10. Number of annules from anterior end to base of stylet 30-32, esophagus 42-49, excretory pore 48-50. Vulva 9 to 10 annules from tail terminus. Vulval lips prominent, conical, protruding to or slightly beyond anterior body contour. Vulval orifice in ventral view oval. Vagina straight, oblique to body axis. Anus inconspicuous in lateral view on annules 5 to 7 from terminus. Terminus truncate to hemispherical. Terminus position of ovary varies from midbody to anterior of basal bulb. Germ cells in single row. Spermatheca indistinct, sperm absent. (ref. ID; 5838)
  • Juvenile female (Fourth stage): L=0.42 mm; a=12.5; b=3.5. Similar to adult female. Submedian lobes visible as small knobs in lateral view, distinctly set off on labial annule. Stylet 72 µm long, prorhabdion 58 µm, stylet knobs 7 µm in diameter. Body annules 150, thin, retrorse. Annule edges with fine refractive elements, exact nature uncertain. Number of annules from anterior end to base of stylet 33, excretory pore 50, esophagus 53. (ref. ID; 5838)
  • Male: Unknown. (ref. ID; 5838)

    Type host and locality

    Collected in 1956 from moist moss packing about the roots of young spruce trees (Picea jezoensis) from an unknown locality in Russia. (ref. ID; 5838)

    Type designations

  • Holotype (female): Slide No.239 in the CNCN, Ottawa. (ref. ID; 5838)
  • Paratypes: Six females, one juvenile on slides 239 A-H deposited as follows: one female, one juvenile, and en face and ventral sections in the CNCN; one female each at USDA Nematode Collection, Beltsville, Maryland; UCNSC, Davis California; PD, Wageningen, The Netherlands; R.U.G., Gent, Belgium. (ref. ID; 5838)

    Measurements

  • Female (Holotype): L=0.50 mm; a=13; b=4; c=41.5; V=94; stylet 94 µm. (ref. ID; 5838)
  • Female (six Paratypes): L=0.53(0.50-0.55) mm; a=13(12-15); b=3.7(3.4-4); c=41.4(35.6-46); V=95(94-95.5); stylet 95(90-97) µm. (ref. ID; 5838)