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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Heterophrys

Heterophrys Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3691) or Archer, 1869, emend. Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879)

Amoebae: Heliozoa: Order Centrohelida Kuhn, 1926 (ref. ID; 5772)
Heliozoa: Centrohelida (ref. ID; 7658)
Family Heterophryidae Poche (ref. ID; 4879)

[ref. ID; 1618]
Spherical; mucilaginous envelope thick, with numerous radial, chitinous spicules which project beyond periphery; axial filaments originate in a central granule; fresh or salt water. (ref. ID; 1618)

[ref. ID; 1923]
Nucleus eccentric, generally a central corpuscle from which the axial filaments arise. Numerous chitinous spicules radiating between the pseudopodia. (ref. ID; 1923)

[ref. ID; 4879]
Emended diagnosis; Centrohelid heliozoa with the cell body covered by a mucous coat, which often seems grainy; a lot of radial organic spicules disperse from it. Siliceous elements in the cell envelope are absent. One species has mucous stalk. Four species. (ref. ID; 4879)
Type species; Heterophrys myriopoda Archer, 1869 emend. (ref. ID; 4879)
  1. Heterophrys elati Bardele, 1975 (ref. ID; 4879) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4009)
    See; Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
  2. Heterophrys febvre-chevalierae Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879 original paper)
    Syn; Cienkowskya mereschkowskii (Cienkowsky, 1881), sensu Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984, and sensu Mikrjukov, 1994 (ref. ID; 4879)
  3. Heterophrys fockei Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541, 3691)
    Syn; Heterophrys glabrescens Penard, 1904 (ref. ID; 3541); Heterophrys spinifera Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 (ref. ID; 3541) reported year? (ref. ID; 3691); Heterophrys tenella Penard, 1890 (ref. ID; 3541) reported year? (ref. ID; 3691); Sphaerastrum conglobatum Archer, 1876 nec Greeff, 1873 (ref. ID; 3541) reported year? (ref. ID; 3691); Sphaerastrum fockei West, 1901 nec Doflein, 1909 (ref. ID; 3541) Archer spec. in West (ref. ID; 3691)
  4. Heterophrys fockii Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 4879)
  5. Heterophrys gelatinosa Roskin, 1929 (ref. ID; 3541)
  6. Heterophrys glabrescens Penard, 1904 (ref. ID; 3541, 3691 original paper) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)
    See; Heterophrys fockei Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541)
  7. Heterophrys magna Bardele, 1977 (ref. ID; 4879) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4009)
    See; Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
  8. Heterophrys marina Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 (ref. ID; 3541, 7658) reported year? (ref. ID; 3691) or (Hertwig & Lesser, 1874) emend. Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879 redescribed paper) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4009)
    See; Heterophrys myriopoda Archer (ref. ID; 3691)
    Syn; Heterophrys elati Bardele, 1975 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys glabrescens Penard, 1904 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys magna Bardele, 1977 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys multipoda Bardele, 1975 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys myriopoda Archer, 1869, sensu Siemensma, 1991 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys pusilla Zacharias, 1902 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys radiata West, 1901 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys spinifera Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 (ref. ID; 4879)
  9. Heterophrys multipoda Bardele, 1975
    See; Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
  10. Heterophrys myriopoda Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618, 1923, 2240, 3691, 4878), Archer, 1869 emend. Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879 redescribed paper) Archer, 1869, sensu Siemensma, 1991 (ref. ID; 4879)
    See; Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
    Syn; Heterophrys marina Hertwig & Lesser (ref. ID; 3691); Nuclearia delicatula Cienkowsky (ref. ID; 2240)
  11. Heterophrys myriopoda var. holochlora Penard, 1904 (ref. ID; 3691 original paper)
  12. Heterophrys parvesii Garbini, 1898
    See; Raphidocystis lemani Penard, 1891 (ref. ID; 3541, 3691)
  13. Heterophrys pusilla Zacharias, 1902
    See; Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
  14. Heterophrys radiata West, 1901 (ref. ID; 3541, 3691)
    See; Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
  15. Heterophrys simplex (Schaudinn, 1897) Siemensma, 1991 (ref. ID; 4879)
  16. Heterophrys spinifera Hertwig & Lesser, 1874
    See; Heterophrys fockei Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541), Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)
  17. Heterophrys tenella Penard, 1890
    See; Heterophrys fockei Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541)
  18. Heterophrys viridis Roskin, 1929
    See; Heterophrys myriopoda (ref. ID; 4879)

Heterophrys febvre-chevalierae Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879 original paper)

Synonym

Cienkowskya mereschkowskii (Cienkowsky, 1881), sensu Febvre-Chevalier & Febvre 1984, and sensu Mikrjukov, 1994 (ref. ID; 4879)

Diagnosis

Cells 10-25 um in diameter, surrounded by a thin mucous coat and placed at a top of a mucous stalk. Radial spicules arise from the cell coat and the upper part of the stalk; they are of uniform width, tapering abruptly towards sharp apices; their length is ca. the cell diameter. Marine. (ref. ID; 4879)

Etymology

The species name is given in honour of Dr. C. Febvre-Chevalier. (ref. ID; 4879)

Heterophrys glabrescens Penard, 1904 (ref. ID; 3541, 3691 original paper) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

See

Heterophrys fockei Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541)

Descriptions

Spherical; gelatinous envelope poorly developed; chitinous needles indistinct; pseudopodia very long; fresh water. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

11-15 um in diameter. (ref. ID; 1618)

Heterophrys marina Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 (ref. ID; 3541, 7658) reported year? (ref. ID; 3691) or (Hertwig & Lesser, 1874) emend. Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879 redescribed paper) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4009)

See

Heterophrys myriopoda (ref. ID; 3691)

Synonym

Heterophrys elati Bardele, 1975 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys glabrescens Penard, 1904 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys magna Bardele, 1977 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys multipoda Bardele, 1975 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys myriopoda Archer, 1869, sensu Siemensma, 1991 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys pusilla Zacharias, 1902 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys radiata West, 1901 (ref. ID; 4879); Heterophrys spinifera Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 (ref. ID; 4879)

Emended diagnosis

Cells 9-45 um in diameter, surrounded by a mucous coat of various width. Radial spicules are of uniform width, tapering abruptly towards sharp apices; their length is ca. the cell diameter. Some members possess algal symbionts. Marine and fresh water. (ref. ID; 4879)

Descriptions

Widespread marine species. Cell body 25-40 um in diameter; surrounded by a gelatinous coat ca. 15 um thick with many long (20-27 um) thin radial organic spicules. The cytoplasm normally possesses algal symbionts. (ref. ID; 7658)

Examined material

The samples of detritus and other organic matters from the interstitial space between the gravel grains were collected in the marine aquaria of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Department of Plant Physiology of Moscow University and of the Institute for the Biology of Developtment. (ref. ID; 7658)

Heterophrys myriopoda Archer, 1869 (ref. ID; 3541) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618, 1923, 2240, 3691, 4878), Archer, 1869 emend. Mikrjukov, 1996 (ref. ID; 4879 redescribed paper) Archer, 1869, sensu Siemensma, 1991 (ref. ID; 4879)

See

Heterophrys marina (ref. ID; 4879)

Synonym

Heterophrys marina Hertwig & Lesser (ref. ID; 3691); Nuclearia delicatula Cienkowsky (ref. ID; 2240)

Descriptions

Cytoplasm loaded with spherical algae, living probably symbionts; contractile vacuoles indistinct; in pools and marshes; and also among marine algae. (ref. ID; 1618)
Outer border of the envelope presenting a villous appearance due to the arrangement of the spicules. Raylike pseudopodia penetrate the envelope, their axes arising from the central granule. Nucleus single, eccentric. Protoplasm usually green, crowded with zoochlorellae. Contractile vacuole usually absent. Habitat marshes and standing water. (ref. ID; 1923)
Cells 35-70 um in diameter, surrounded by a mucous coat. Spicules are radial, numerous, length is ca. a half of the cell diameter, tapering remarkably from bases towards sharp apices. The cytoplasm often contains algal symbionts. Fresh water. (ref. ID; 4879)

Measurements

Diameter 50-80 um. (ref. ID; 1618)
Diameter 65-80 um. (ref. ID; 1923)