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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Loxodes

Loxodes Ehrenberg, 1830 (ref. ID; 2013)

Class Kinetofragminophora: Subclass Gymnostomata: Order Karyorelectida (ref. ID; 2013)
Order Loxodida Jankowski, 1978: Family Loxodidae Butschli, 1889 (ref. ID; 4875)

[ref. ID; 2013]
Body outline elongated oval with anterior quarter pointed and strongly bent ventrally to form a concavity in which a slit-like oral aperture is situated. At the base of the slit lies a primitive pharyngeal basket of trichites. Body compressed laterally in the anterior region but less so in the posterior. Cilia mostly restricted to right (upper) surface, reduced on left (lower) surface to single kinety along each of the dorsal and ventral edges. Cilia usually in pairs forming up to 30 longitudinal parallel kineties. Many trichocysts present which give a brownish tint to the body. Several Muller's vesicles (vesicles containing spherical bodies of unknown function) may be found in the cell. Single contractile vacuole in posterior region. Macronucleus in 1, 2 or more vesicular parts.
Quote; Colin R. Curds "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part I Ciliophora: Kinetofragminophora" Cambridge University Press, 1982 (ref. ID; 2013)

[ref. ID; 4875]
Freshwater Loxodidae with narrowed or broadly rounded posterior end and Muller vesicles with single, large barium granule. (ref. ID; 4875)
Remarks; Distinguished from Remanella mainly by the biotope (although some species can colonize brackish waters) and negative characters, viz. the absence of nematocysts and cytoplasmic skeletal rods. (ref. ID; 4875)
Type species (subsequent designation by Fromentel 1875); Kolpoda rostrum Muller, 1773 (ref. ID; 4875)
  1. Loxodes bursaria Ehrenberg, 1831
    See; Paramecium bursaria (ref. ID; 4611)
  2. Loxodes cucullio var. caudatus Perty, 1852
    See; Pseudochilodonopsis caudata (ref. ID; 4781)
  3. Loxodes magnus Stokes, 1887 (ref. ID; 1622, 1629, 2099, 4488, 4612) reported year? (ref. ID; 1219, 1618, 3690, 4235) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
  4. Loxodes penardi Dragesco, 1960 (ref. ID; 3690 original paper)
  5. Loxodes rex Dragesco (ref. ID; 2099)
  6. Loxodes rostrum (O.F. Muller, 1786) (ref. ID; 1622, 1629, 2245) reported year? (ref. ID; 3690, 5462) or (Mueller, 1773) Ehrenberg, 1830 (ref. ID; 4488, 4612)
    Syn; Kolpoda rostrum O.F. Muller, 1773 (ref. ID; 4612)
  7. Loxodes striatus (Engelmann, 1862) (ref. ID; 4206), (Engelmann, 1862) Penard, 1917 (ref. ID; 4488, 4612) or (Engelmann, 1862) Penard (ref. ID; 1335, 1622, 1629, 2245) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3292)
    Syn; Drepanostoma striatum Engelmann, 1862 (ref. ID; 4612)
  8. Loxodes vorax Stokes, 1885 (ref. ID; 1622) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4612)

Loxodes magnus Stokes, 1887 (ref. ID; 1622, 1629, 2099, 4488, 4612) reported year? (ref. ID; 1219, 1618, 3690, 4235) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)

Descriptions

Dark brown; twelve to twenty or more Muller's vesicles in a row along dorsal border; standing pond water. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

Extended about 700 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)

Loxodes striatus (Engelmann, 1862) (ref. ID; 4206), (Engelmann, 1862) Penard, 1917 (ref. ID; 4488, 4612) or (Engelmann, 1862) Penard (ref. ID; 1335, 1622, 1629, 2245) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 3292)

Synonym

Drepanostoma striatum Engelmann, 1862 (ref. ID; 4612)

Descriptions

In L. striatus there are usually two and sometimes three (2.3 as an average) functional vesicles in the anterior end and from none (in newly divided cells) to three developing vesicles in the posterior end. In very rare cases we have observed L. striatus cells with eight developed or developing Muller vesicles. The anterior most functional vesicle is associated with cilium number 12+/-2 from the anterior end and there are five free cilia between this and the second vesicle. (ref. ID; 4206)

Loxodes vorax Stokes, 1885 (ref. ID; 1622) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 4612)

Descriptions

Yellowish brown, a row of slightly longer cilia; sapropelic in standing fresh water. (ref. ID; 1618)

Measurements

125-140 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)