Shipborne Observations of Surface Black Carbon Aerosol Mass Concentrations and Ozone/Methane/Carbon Monoxide/Carbon Dioxide Mixing Ratios in the Arctic Atmosphere

Yange Deng^*1 (orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-6372), Sohiko Kameyama^*2, Hiroshi Tanimoto^*1(orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-9923),Jinyoung Jung^*3
*1Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
^*2Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
^*3Division of Polar Ocean Science, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)

2024/05/02

2016/07/21 - 2020/09/13

NIES
Email: cgerdb_admin(at)nies.go.jp

97.9 MB

ver1.0 (Last updated: 2024/05/02)

English

black carbon aerosol mass concentration

O₃, CH₄, CO, and CO₂ mixing ratios

2016/07/21 - 2020/09/13

Latitude: 33.14 - 80.00°
Longitude: 125.56 - −134.95°

The air intake was set at the handrail of the front deck to avoid ship exhaust pollution. A cyclone was attached at the intake to selectively sample PM2.5 aerosols. Light absorption methods were used to measure the BC mass concentration: during the cruises in 2016–2019, a continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS, model 3130, KANOMAX, Japan; 565 nm wavelength) with the inlet line heated to 400°C was used; during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 cruises, an Aethalometer (model AE22, Magee Scientific Co., USA; 880 nm wavelength) was used. The Picarro G2401 gas concentration analyzer (Picarro, Inc., USA) was used to measure the mixing ratios of CH₄, CO, and CO₂, and the instrument was calibrated by running the standard CH₄ gas (RIGAS, Korea) for 8 min every day. The mixing ratios of O₃ were obtained using the O₃ monitor (Model 1100, Dylec Inc., Japan), which utilized absorption at 253.7 nm emitted by a low-pressure mercury lamp and was calibrated through intercomparison with a standard reference photometer (SRP) #2.

With COSMOS and AE22, BC mass concentrations measured at 1- and 5-min intervals were recorded, respectively. To avoid the influence of ship exhausts, we only used 1- or 5-min data records that occurred when the 1-min wind direction and speed relative to the ship's course were within ±60° of the bow and >3 m s^-1, respectively, for continuous 10 min centered around the current 1- or 5-min data record. The hourly value was calculated only if there were more than 40 minutes of valid data records in an hour, by averaging the 1- or 5-min values in that hour. The raw CH₄ mixing ratio data were first calibrated according to the standard CH₄ gas. The CO and CO₂ data during the CH₄ calibration periods were omitted. These data were then averaged to 1-min time resolution. Finally, the 1-h mixing ratios of CH₄, CO, and CO₂ were derived in the same way as that of BC from the 1-min data. The mixing ratios of O₃ were recorded at 1-min intervals. The 1-h O₃ mixing ratio data were derived in the same way as that of BC. In addition, in 2017 and 2018, the 1-minute BC data observed south of 42°N latitude were further checked for ship exhaust pollution by the 1-minute O₃ data before deriving hourly values. When O₃ decreased and BC increased at the same time, both data were considered invalid.

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[2024/05/02]

Kimiko Suto
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Hiroshi Tanimoto (orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-9923)
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Hiroshi Tanimoto (orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-9923)
Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology (KIMST) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea (grant no. 20210605, Korea-Arctic Ocean Warming and Response of Ecosystem, KOPRI). The Aethalometer measurements were supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; the Ministry of Science and ICT) NRF-2021M1A5A1065425 (KOPRI-PN24011).

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