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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Amphisiella

Amphisiella Gourret & Roeser, 1888 (ref. ID; 2014, 7307)

Class Polyhymenophora: Subclass Spirotricha: Order Hypotrichida: Suborder Stichotrichina: Family Holostichidae (ref. ID; 2014)
Family Amphisiellidae Jankowski, 1979 (ref. ID; 7307)
Family Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg, 1838 (ref. ID; 7423)

[ref. ID; 2014]
Elongate, oval body, dorso-ventrally flattened, dorsal surface convex with several longitudinal rows of cilia. Flattened ventral surface bearing 2 rows of marginal cirri, 1 row of ventral cirri, transverse cirri and a patch of distinct frontal cirri, the anterior most of which are sometimes enlarged. There are usually 2 macronuclei but sometimes numerous. AZM short, restricted to anterior body quarter. Several species have been described.
Quote; Colin R. Curds, Michael A. Gates and David McL. Roberts "British and other freshwater ciliated protozoa Part II Ciliophora: Oligohymenophora and Polyhymenophora" Cambridge University Press, 1983 (ref. ID; 2014)

[ref. ID; 2129]
The oral primordium originates in close contact with the ACR. The ACR commences anlagen formation within-row and originates from two rightmost anlagen. All dorsal kineties develop intrakinetally. More than one cirrus left of ACR. Transverse cirri obliquely arranged, originate from more than one anlage. Caudal cirri lacking. (ref. ID; 2129)

[ref. ID; 3925]
Amphisiella contains 7 species, with A. marioni as type by monotypy. The interphase structure and fronto-buccal field in this species are characterized by the absence of midventral cirri and urostylid-like development of the frontal ciliature. Rather, the pattern is more similar to Oxytricha, Stylonychia, and other member in the Oxytrichidae. (ref. ID; 3925)

[ref. ID; 7307]
The ACR originates from two rightmost anlagen. More than one cirrus left of ACR. Transverse cirri obliquely arranged, originate from more than one anlage. Caudal cirri lacking.
Species assignable: A. marioni Gourret & Roeser, 1988 (type species; description of morphogenesis in Wicklow, 1982), A. australis Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 (description of morphogenesis in Voss, 1992) and A. perisincirra (Hemberger, 1985) nov. comb. (basionym: Tachysoma perisincirra). Tachysoma perisincirra (description of morphogenesis in Hemberger [1982 dissertation] and in Berger & Foissner, 1988) obviously possesses an ACR, though late morphogenetic stages are not known. The data available show the same peculiarities as known from A. australis (Voss, 1992), i.e. a second conspicuous primordium is generated by the last cirri of the ACR. (ref. ID; 7307)
  1. Amphisiella acuta Foissner, 1982 (ref. ID; 662 original paper)
  2. Amphisiella australis Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 (ref. ID; 7307, 7423) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191, 2129)
    See; Lamtostyla australis (ref. ID; 2129)
  3. Amphisiella binucleata (Hemberger, 1985) Foissner, 1988 (ref. ID; 7307)
  4. Amphisiella capitata (Perejaslawzewa, 1885) (ref. ID; 1621)
  5. Amphisiella faurei Dragesco, 1963 (ref. ID; 2316)
  6. Amphisiella lithophora Faure-Fremiet, 1954 (ref. ID; 1618)
  7. Amphisiella magnigranulosa Foissner, 1988 (ref. ID; 7307)
  8. Amphisiella marioni (ref. ID; 191, 3925)
  9. Amphisiella marioni Gourret & Roeser, 1887 (ref. ID; 7679) or 1888 (ref. ID; 1621, 2129, 7307, 7423)
  10. Amphisiella marioni Mansfeld, 1926 (ref. ID; 1621)
  11. Amphisiella marioni Wicklow, 1982 (ref. ID; 4719)
  12. Amphisiella milnei (ref. ID; 1621)
  13. Amphisiella oblonga Schewiakoff, 1893 (ref. ID; 1621, 3690)
  14. Amphisiella oscensis Fernandez-Leborans, 1984 (ref. ID; 4695)
  15. Amphisiella perisincirra (Hemberger, 1985) Eigner & Foissner, 1994 (ref. ID; 7423)
    Basionym; Tachysoma perisincirra (ref. ID; 7423)
  16. Amphisiella polycirrata Bergre & Foissner, 1989 (ref. ID; 7307)
  17. Amphisiella raptans Buitkamp & Wilbert, 1974 (ref. ID; 2345)
  18. Amphisiella terricolaGellert, 1955 (ref. ID; 2129, 7307) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)
  19. Amphisiella thiophagaKahl, 1928 (ref. ID; 1621) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

Amphisiella australis Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 (ref. ID; 7307, 7423) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191, 2129)

See

Lamtostyla australis (ref. ID; 2129)

Notes

  • Morphogenesis: Like in Gonostomum strenua the number of cirri in the two rightmost ventral rows is distinctly reduced. In both, the short row four is in a similar position between row five and six as in Pseudouroleptus caudatus and Hemiamphisiella terricola in which this row four forms the middle segment of the amphisiellid cirral rows. In early dividers of A. australis a second field of basal bodies develops by disaggregating posterior cirri of row five that fuses with the oral primordium. Thus, the long primary primordia of the N3 anlagen development is generated by contribution of these two fields. Similar develops are reported from A. perisincirra, Paragastrostyla lanceolata and G. strenua. (ref. ID; 7423)

    Amphisiella faurei Dragesco, 1963 (ref. ID; 2316)

    Descriptions

    Body elongate, 178 um long with pronounced 'head' region. Well developed marginal cirri present and an extensive series of up to 12 transverse cirri from the posterior which frequently appeared spatulate. Absence of concretement vacuole distinguished this species from A. lithophora Faure-Fremiet, 1954 (ref. ID; 2316)

    Amphisiella lithophora Faure-Fremiet, 1954 (ref. ID; 1618)

    Descriptions

    Anterior end constricted; with a concretion vacuole; salt water. (ref. ID; 1618)

    Measurements

    120-135 by 26-31 um. (ref. ID; 1618)

    Amphisiella marioni Gourret & Roeser, 1887 (ref. ID; 7679) or 1888 (ref. ID; 1621, 2129, 7307, 7423)

    Descriptions

    A. marioni is a marine benthic hypotrich (75-125 um in length), that is supple and slightly contractile. The ventral ciliature comprises right and left marginal cirri, a paroral cirrus, approximately 7 sporadically positioned anterior frontal cirri, 4-5 transverse cirri, 2 accessory transverse cirri, a longitudinal row of about 22 median cirri, and although not described by previous observers (probably because of its close proximity to the anterior of the median row), and additional short (4-7 cirri), frontal row lying just posterior to the distal membranelles. The buccal ciliature includes approximately 13 collar and 22 lapel membranelles, and a paroral and endoral membrane; there is no differentiation at the anterior end of the paroral membrane. Six dorsal kineties are present, caudal cirri are absent. Only 2 macronuclei are present. (ref. ID; 7679)

    Morphgenesis:
  • The anterior segment of the row six is reduced to about five cirri and already similarly positioned as the homologous fronto-terminal cirri of the highly evolved Oxytrichidae; three of these cirri contribute to the forming of the neokinetal anlage. Six dorsal kineties are reported to develop by within anlagen. This is unique within the described four families which have only a maximum of three within anlagen for the dorsal kineties. Possibly some dorsal kineties are generated by multiple fragmentation. A. marioni develops transverse cirri from anlage 2 and 3, which is also unique for lowly evolved oxytrichids. (ref. ID; 7423)
  • Cell divison morphogenesis in A. marioni begins with the proliferation of kinetosomes beside each of the 10-12 median row cirri; these form that series of primordia that enlarge into an extensive kinetosomal field. Five frontal streaks and the paroral streak, as well as the oral primordium, arise from this opisthe field. Meanwhile, the parental paroral apparatus dedifferentiates while 5 frontal streaks form in close association with 3 anterior frontal cirri, the anteriormost median cirri and the short row of post-collar-membranelle cirri. As development proceeds in the opisthe, membranelles are formed and the endoral and paroral membranes differentiate from the paroral streak; a paroral cirrus develops from the anterior end of the paroral membrane. Three procirri develop from each of the 3 leftmost frontal streaks: the posterior member of each of these rows of procirri migrates posteriorly to form transverse cirri; the remaining 6 procirri form anterior frontal cirri, including a malar cirrus. Most of the fourth frontal streak differentiates median row cirri; the posteriormost procirrus of the row, however, forms an accessory transverse cirrus. The fifth (rightmost) streak splits into 2 segments during development - the anterior segment forms the short right lateral rows, the posterior segment contributes a transverse and an accessory transverse cirrus. Dorsal kineties and marginal cirral rows arise by within row development. (ref. ID; 7679)

    Sampling site

    From collected on the coast of the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. (ref. ID; 7679)

    Amphisiella oscensis Fernandez-Leborans, 1984 (ref. ID; 4695)

    Descriptions

    Paroral formation: In this species, the paroral formation is composed of two parts: paroral formation 1 (PF1) and paroral formation 2 (PF2). Paroral formation 1 is usually displaced toward the anterior pole of the ciliate with respect to paroral formation 2. PF1 measures 17.6 um (avg.) in length, and has a slightly curved arrangement, encircling the right-and side of the oral area. It is composed of two parts: 1) an anterior segment, measuring 13 um (avg.) in length and composed of 2 parallel rows of 40-42 kinetosomes each; b) a posterior segment, measuring 4.6 um (avg.) in length and composed of 16 kinetosomes in zig-zag arrangement which constitute a haplokinety. PF2 is more or less parallel to PF 1 and located to the right of it. It measures 16.2 um (avg.) in length. It is composed of two parts: a) an anterior segment, forming more or less the anterior third of PF2 and composed of two parallel rows of 22-24 pairs of kinetosome each; b) a posterior part, forming more or less the posterior two-thirds of PF2 and composed of 3 kineties, each possessing 36-38 kinetosomes. There three kineties become more separated from each other toward the posterior end of PF2. Only fibres dependent on paroral formation 1 have been observed. PF1 has a fibre which accompanies it in its full length, called the subparoral fibre (SPF). A whole set of numerous narrower parallel fibres lead out from SPF toward the membranelle area, occupying a considerable part of the oral surface. These are called suboral fibres (SOF) (Fernandez-Leborans 1984). (ref. ID; 4695)

    Amphisiella perisincirra (Hemberger, 1985) Eigner & Foissner, 1994 (ref. ID; 7423)

    Basionym

    Tachysoma perisincirra (ref. ID; 7423)

    Remarks

    Morphogenesis: This species already showns on character of the highly evolved oxytrichids, i.e. the number of cirri in the rightmost row six is reduced to four. However, it still has more than four cirri in the second ventral row five from right and the N3 development does not yet develop at the anteriormost cirrus of this row. In another description of morphogenesis of A. perisincirra (Hemberger, 1982. Dissertation) the row five even shows six cirri. (ref. ID; 7423)

    Amphisiella terricola Gellert, 1955 (ref. ID; 2129, 7307) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 191)

    Descriptions

    This species develops the oral primordium apokinetally and the new ACR possibly from a single anlage within the parental ACR. This pattern is quite similar to that of Orthoamphisella Eigner and Foissner, 1991, which lacks, however, transverse cirri. Thus, a proper classification of A. terricola must await more detailed investigations. (ref. ID; 2129)

    Amphisiella thiophaga Kahl, 1928 (ref. ID; 1621) reported year? (ref. ID; 1618)

    Description

    In salt water. (ref. ID; 1618)

    Measurements

    70-100 um long. (ref. ID; 1618)