Projected high-resolution hourly wet-bulb globe temperature, population heat exposure, and adaptation costs in Japan

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This dataset provides high-resolution (1 km grid), hourly projections of wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) across Japan for two future periods: 2030–2059 and 2060–2089. Based on these projections, we calculated two heat risk indicators:
(1) the at-risk elderly population (AREP), defined as the number of people aged ≥65 exposed to WBGT values exceeding either a fixed threshold (33 °C) or the alternative heatstroke alert criteria (AHAC), which account for region- and age-specific heat acclimatization;
(2) the potential cumulative exposure (PCE), expressed in person-hours, representing the total exposure of AREP to WBGT above the thresholds.
The dataset also includes annual estimates of adaptation costs, taking into account expenses for residential air-conditioner installation and electricity subsidies. An additional case incorporates the availability of cooling shelters, based on municipal-level data published as of February 2025. WBGT projections are based on the Bias corrected climate scenarios over Japan based on CDFDM method using CMIP6 (NIES2020). The dataset covers four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) and five global climate models (GCMs). See the README file for details on contents.