Protozoan community
[ref. ID; 496]
Test system
Sensitivity tests 5 days
Strains
- Culture A: It was prepared from water and detritus from the river Fyrisan downstream of Uppsala.
- Culture B: It was prepared from a water sample from an aerated pool at a sewage plant, where activated sludge was digested.
- Culture C: It was prepared from a soil suspension of arable soil (10 g litre-1).
Toxicants
Chlorex (sodium chlorate) 55 (100, 1000, 10000, 56000 ppm).
Test design/concentrations
Three millilitres of the culture and 0.03 g of boiled oatmeal seeds were transferred to six 100-ml flasks. pH 7.4.
Measurements
Growth rate, species distribution.
[ref. ID; 926]
Test system
Test organisms
Sludge microorganisms collected from a domestic sewage treatment plant (Fordhaven Sewage Treatment Plant, Louisville, Ky.).
Toxicants/concentrations
CdCl2 (0, 0.09, 0.22, 0.44, 0.89, and 1.33 mM).
Test design
Activated sludge 750 mL was transferred to each of six 1-liter glass beakers. The samples were mixed with magnetic stirrers and aerated. CdCl2 was added to the six test chambers. Temperature 26 degrees C for 6 hr.
Measurements/observations
Number of protozoa (>10 um).
[ref. ID; 928]
Test system
Test organisms
Ciliate community in activated sludge.
Toxicants
Detergents entering the aeration tank.
Test design/concentrations
Aeration tanks of full-scale activated-sludge plant.
Evaluations
Density and diversity of ciliate.
[ref. ID; 955]
Test system
7 days Flow-through test system
Microcosm
Periphytic communities on artificial substrates (suspending polyurethane form 6.0x5.0x3.75 cm).
Toxicants
Chlorine, ammonia, and joint.
Test design/concentrations
Ammonia (0, 2, and 20 mg total NH3/l), Chlorine (0, 6, and 60 ug total residual chlorine/l), alone and in combination x 3 replication, 14L:10D photoperiod (5000 lux). Temperature 18.9-20.4 degrees C.
Measurements/observations
Species richness, DO, in vivo fluorescence.
Evaluations
IC20, IC50, IC80, MTI.
[ref. ID; 1322]
Test system
Microcosm
Freshwater epibenthic protozoan community (Samples were obtained from the upper reaches of the Manzanares River (La Pedriza, Madrid, Spain).
Toxicants
Cadmium acetate.
Test design/concentration
The study lasted for 30 days and four groups of treatments, with three replica for each group, were undertaken: a control and three groups to which 500 ppb the metal were added at 7 (microcosms A), 14 (microcosms B) and 21 (microcosms C) days, respectively. Temperature 20-22 degrees C.
Experimental conditions
River water and sediments (enrichments were made by addition of wheat grains (one grain per liter of sample)), pH 7+/-0.1, natural lighting, no shaking.
Measurements/observations
Species richness (diversity), density, biomass.
[ref. ID; 3309]
Test system
Bioaccumulation & toxicity
Test organisms
Marine protozoan communities were obtained from Brazomar Beach (Castro Urdiales, Spain).
Toxicants
Lead acetate, Cadmium acetate.
Test design/concentrations
For each microcosm, 500 g of sediment and 3 L of water from the samples, including their protozoa populations, were added to each 5-L Pyrex container. (Enrichment was carried out by the addition of sterilized wheat grains (one grain per liter of sample)). Temperature 20+/-2 degrees C.
Three sets experiments (1) control, (2) nominal concentration of 500 ug Pb and 500 ug Cd/L, (3) nominal concentration of 1000 ug Pb and 1000 ug Cd/L, x three replicas, natural lighting, without shaking, addition of sterilized wheat grains.
Measurements/observations
Density of protozoa and bacteria, biomass of protozoa and bacteria.
[ref. ID; 3953]
Test system
Acute toxicity test
Test organisms
Marine protozoan communities obtained in the Arou beach (Galicia, Spain).
Toxicants/concentrations
Lead acetate (0, 1, 10, 20, and 50 ug/L).
Measurements/observations
Protozoa abundance, biomass, diversity.
[ref. ID; 4583]
Test system
Prey-predator dynamics in soil communities of culturable bacteria and protozoa
Test organisms
Soil communities sampled from the top layer (10 cm) of a non-contaminated site close to a former tar-coal factory in Ringe, Denmark.
Toxicants
HgCl2.
Test design/concentrations
116 ml serum bottles (10.0 g soil + aqueous solution of HgCl2, water content of 15% (v/w)), HgCl2 concentration: 0, 3.5 and 15.0 mg Hg(II)/kg dry soil. Inoculation period 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 22, 29, 38 and 52 days. Temperature 10 degrees C in the dark.
Measurements
CFUs (number of bacteria), MPN (number of protozoa), CO2-gas.
Evaluations
Two way ANOVA.
[ref. ID; 4584]
Test system
Succession and diversity of protozoan and microbial populations in soil
Test organisms
Soil protozoa sampled from the top layer of a conventionally managed agricultural field (Jyndevad, Denmark).
Toxicants
CuCl2.
Test design/concentrations
Soil microcosms were prepared in 116-ml serum flasks with 10.0 g soil (soil was mixed thoroughly with finely ground barley straw (1.125 mg straw/g soil dw) and 3 ml distilled water (corresponding to a soil dry mater content of about 77%), which contained CuCl2 to give each of 10 final Cu2+ concentrations: 0, 0.7, 1.6, 4.1, 10, 25, 64, 160, 400 and 1000 mg Cu2+/kg dry soil. Incubation period (2, 7, 14, and 70 days). Darkness at 10 degrees C.
Measurements
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile, protozoan morphotype (microtiter plates), CO2-gas (SIR assay).
Evaluations
Two way ANOVA's and Principal component analysis.
[ref. ID; 6006]
Test systems
Acute toxicity (24-hr)
Test organisms
Activated sludge protozoan community (sessile forms: Carchesium sp., Epistylis sp., Opercularia coarctata, O. minima, Podophrya sp., Tokophrya quadripartita, Vorticella convallaria, V. octava, crawling forms: Aspidisca cicada, A. lynceus, Chilodonella uncinata, Euplotes sp., Trochilia minuta, free-swimming forms: Drepanomonas revoluta and testate amoebae) collected from the aeration basin of the sewage treatment plant in Roncocesi, Reggio Emilia (Italy), treating urban and industrial waste.
Toxicants
Lead chloride, potasium dichromate, hydrated cadmium chloride, hydrated copper chloride, zinc chloride.
Test design
A 250 ml sample of activated sludge mixed liquor was put in a 500 ml glass flask and treated with the relevant metal at the relevant concentration. 20+/-2 degrees C and aerated.
Measurements
Microbial numbers.
Evaluations
LC50 using a probit analysis.
[ref. ID; 7247]
Test systems
Effects of a short-term experimental acidification
Test organisms
Testate Amoebae (Rhizopoda, Testacea).
Toxicants
H2SO4, HNO3 (pH 3.9-4.1).
Test site
This system was set up parallel to a Canadian Shield stream, located in eastern Canada (ruisseau des Cascades, foret Montmorency, 47 degrees 19'N, 71 degrees 07'W) about 100 km north of Quebec City.
Test design
Unglazed ceramic tiles, having a surface area of 10 cm2, were deposited on plastic supports on the bottom of each channel. A 4-week colonization period preceded the start of the experiments; weekly samples taken in 1982 had shown that colonization was complete after 3 weeks. Two channels were acidified; the pH of the water was lowered to 4.0 and maintained there throughout the acidification period. One channel was kept unacidified and used as a control (pH 6.1-7.1).
During the experiments, sampling periods were as follows: 1 day before acidification (- 24 hr), at the start of acidification (0 hr), 4 and 12 hr after the start of acidification and until 24, 48, or 72 hr depending on the length of the experiment. A final sampling was performed 24 hr after the end of acidification (+ 24 hr). Five replicates per channel.
Measurements/observations
Identification and cell counts (full and empty shells, respectively) of testate Amoebae.
Evaluations
Shannon-Weaver diveristy index, biological activity (Iak=1 - the number of living organisms/the total number of organisms), average density of dominant species.