Phenylurea herbicides
[Diuron]
= 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea CAS[330-54-1],
= 3-(3',4'-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (ref. ID; 4554)
Trade name
Diuron (J, I, A, B): Dailon, DCMU, DMU, Karmex
Chemical formula
C9H10Cl2N2O
Purpose for use
Phenylurea herbicide.
Mode of action
DCMU inhibits photosynthesis at the PSII level by blocking electron transfer between the primary electron acceptor Q(A) and the secondary acceptor Q(B). (ref. ID; 4562)
A photosystem II inhibitor that has the potential to inhibit the electron transport chain; interactions with arylhydrocarbon receptor. (ref. ID; 6758)
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 3400 mg/kg.
Test organisms
Green algae (formerly included protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinharditii (ref. ID; 4553, 4565)
Protozoa: Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 4554, 4560, 4562)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3554)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 6758)
Microcosm (ref. ID; 7170)
[Ustinex]
Trade name
Ustinex (Amitrole 30% and Diuron 56%)
Purpose for use
Phenylurea herbicide.
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea longa (ref. ID; 6902)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6902)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6902)
[Fenuron] CAS[101-42-8] UN2588
= 1,1-Dimethyl-3-phenylurea
Trade name
Fenuron (I, A, B): Dybar, Fenidin, Fenulon, Karmex-EP, PDU
Chemical formula
C9H10N2O
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
Test organisms
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
[Fenuron-TCA]
= 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenyluronium trichloroacetate
Chemical formula
C11H13Cl3N2O3
[Isoproturon] CAS[34123-59-6] UN2588
= 3-p-Cumenyl-1,1-dimethylurea,
= 3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea,
= N-(4-Isopropylphenyl)N',N'-dimethyl-urea
Trade name
Isoproturon (I, B): Arelon, Graminon, Hytane, Tolkan
Chemical formula
C12H18N2O
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat >4640 mg/kg.
Test organisms
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 4496)
[Linuron]
= 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea CAS[330-55-2],
= N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea
Trade name
Linuron (J, I, A, B): Afalon, Lorox
Chemical formula
C9H10Cl2N2O2
Purpose for use
Phenylurea herbicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat 4000 mg/kg, mouse 1500 mg/kg.
Test organisms
Protozoa: Acanthamoeba castellanii (ref. ID; 946)
Linuron metabolites
- N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-methylurea
- N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-methoxyurea
- N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea
- 3,4-dichloroaniline
Another urea herbicide
[Amitrole]
= 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole
Trade name
Amitrole (J, I, A, B): Aminotriazole, ATA, Cytrol, Weedazole
Chemical formula
C2H4N4
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
[Dymron]
= 1-(alpha, alpha-Dimethylbenzyl)-3-(p-tolyl)urea] CAS[42609-52-9]
Trade name
Dymron (J): Dimuron, Shouron, Showron, Tolrone
Chemical formula
C17H20N2O
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat (male) 4000 mg/kg, mouse (male) 6500 mg/kg.
[Methyl dymron]
= 1-(alpha, alpha-Dimethylbenzyl)-3-methyl-3-phenylurea
Trade name
Methyl dymron (J)
Chemical formula
C17H20N2O
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat (male) 5852 mg/kg, (female) 3948 mg/kg.
LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 5000 mg/kg, (female) 5269 mg/kg.
[Siduron]
= 1-(2-Methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea CAS[1982-49-6]
Trade name
Siduron (J, I, A, B): Tupersan
Chemical formula
C14H20N2O
Purpose for use
Herbicide.
Toxicity
LD50 (oral): rat (male and female) >7500 mg/kg.