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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Chromium (Cr) & chromium compounds

Heavy metal.
Chromium is an environmental contaminant usually released into waters by metallurgical, tanning and other industries. (ref. ID; 4497)
Tanneries and electroplanting industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium pollution. Metal finishing industries, coal combustion byproduct in thermal power plant and application of sewage for agricultural purposes. (ref. ID; 6725)

[Cr]

Test organisms

Protozoa: Paramecium caudatum (ref. ID; 991)

[Cr: an atomic absorption standard solution 1,000 ug Cr per ml (nominal) in 1% HNO3]

Test organisms

Rotifera: Lecane hamata (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Rotifera: Lecane luna (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)
Rotifera: Lecane quadridentata (ref. ID; 6861, 7164)

[Ammonium Dichromate] CAS[7789-09-5] UN1439

Chemical formula

(NH4)2CrO7

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 1318)

[Chromium(III) Nitrate]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6831)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 6823)

[Chromium(VI) Trioxide] CAS[1333-82-0] UN1463

Chemical formula

CrO3

Test organisms

Protozoa: Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris (ref. ID; 3896)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3554)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7145)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 1318)

[Potassium Chromate] CAS[7789-00-6] UN3288

Chemical formula

K2CrO4

Test organisms

Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6081)

[Potassium(VI) Dichromate] CAS[7778-50-9] UN3087

Chemical formula

K2Cr2O7

Chemical characteristics

Water soluble.

Mode of action

Cr(IV) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cellular system, which can be a major cause of DNA damage. (ref. ID; 6725)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 3312, 4497)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6081, 7060)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 980, 3554)
Protozoa: Vorticella microstoma (ref. ID; 4989)
Protozoa: Activated sludge protozoan community (ref. ID; 6006)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 713)
Rotifera: Philodina sp. (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Aeolosoma hemprichi (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Dichogaster curgensis (ref. ID; 6725)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 6001)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 5909)
Oligochaeta: Nais sp. (ref. ID; 1091)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 6079, 6080, 6636, 6968)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 506, 6824)

[Tannery effluents]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lampito mauritii (ref. ID; 6008)