Ref ID : 4692
Wilhelm Foissner; [Klassifikation und Phylogenie der Colpodea (Protozoa: Ciliophora)] (Classification and Phylogeny of the Colpodea (Protozoa: Ciliophora)). Arch.Protistenk 129:239-290, 1985
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The morphology and the infraciliature of some copodid ciliates are described: Pseudokreyella terricola nov. gen., nov. spec., Parabryophrya penardi (Kahl, 1931) nov. gen., Platyophrya spumacola Kahl, 1927, Pseudoplatyophrya terricola nov. spec., Grossglockneria hyalina nov. spec., Grossglockneria acuta Foissner, 1980, Bresslaua vorax Kahl, 1931, Tillina magna Gruber, 1879, and Maryna ovata (Gelei, 1950). The genus Pseudokreyella comprises uniformly ciliated Kreyellidae whose paroral membrane curves around the posterior part of the oral field. Parabryophrya is characterized by circular oral structures and a single adoral organelle located between the ends of the right ciliary field. The classification and phylogeny of the Colpodea are discussed. This review considers the hitherto known light microscopical, fine structural, morphogenetical, and ecological results. The Colpodea probably evolved from haptorid ancestors. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the silverline system is formed like in Platyophrya and the somatic kineties are organized dikinetally in the area of the "dorsal brush" of many Haptorida. A comparable situation still exists with the Sorogenidae, very likely rather primitive Colpodea, which performed only a limited morphological radiation because of their highly specialized mode of life. Some families formerly considered to be heterotrichs or to be of uncertain systematic position, i.e. the Kreyellidae, Bryometopidae, and Thylakidiidae are included into the Colpodea. This is based on the following observations: a) The somatic kineties consist of ciliated dikinetids only. b) The oral structures and the morphogenesis are similar to those of the Cyrtolophosidida. c) The fine structure of the somatic kineties of Bryometopus is colpodid. d) The silverline system and the mode of life of these families are similar to other "true" colpodids. The Sorogenidae possess a colpodid somatic fine structure and are raised to the ordinal rank, Sorogenida nov. ord., because of their primitive oral structures and their spezialized way of life. The Colpodea are splitted into 2 subclasses: The Bryometopia nov. subcl., nov. ord. are diagnosed as having a kreyellid to slightly platyophryid silverline system and curved or slightly spiralized somatic kineties. The Colpodia nov. subcl. are defined as having a platyophryid to colpodid silverline system and usually strongly spiralized somatic kineties. The oral structures and partly the silverline system too show similar evolutionary trends within these subclasses. This may be due to convergence because the Bryometopia have a kreyellid and the Bursariomorphida a colpodid silverline system. The Grossglocknerida and the Bursariomorphida are considered as specialized branches of the Colpodida. This orders contain the smallest (Nivaliella) and the biggest (Bursaria) ciliate species known which is a good example for the extreme ecological and morphological radiation of the Colpodea. The Bryophryida are a quickly evolving branch of the Cyrtolophosidida. Pure and mixed colpodid and platyophryid silverline systems occur within the Cyrtolophosidida. Although that may be due to convergence this and the fine structure of the oral apparatus could indicate even a rather close relationship between the Grossglocknerida and the Cyrtolophosidida. The revision at the genus level caused the following new taxa: Buitkampia angusta nov. gen., nov. spec. (family Sorogenidae; for Platyophrya angusta Buitkamp, 1977), Telostomatella nov. nom. (family Bryophryidae; for Telostoma Grandori, 1935, praeoccupied), and Kalometopia eurystoma nov. comb. (for Colpoda eurystoma Gellert, 1950). Diagnoses are suggested for the class, the subclasses, and the orders.