Ref ID : 4044
Stephen F. Bruno and John J.A. Mclaughlin; The Nutrition of the Freshwater Dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella. J.Protozool. 24(4):548-553, 1977
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A defined medium was devised for a freshwater isolate of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella. Highest cell yields were produced at 7,700-10,000 lux. The optimum pH range was between 7.0 and 7.5; the optimum temperature 21 degrees C. Ceratium hirundinella tolerated a wide range (per liter) of Ca (0.1-100 mg) and Mg (0.1-50 mg) ion concentrations. The optimum range for growth was 20-30 mg Ca and 10-30 mg Mg. Cells cultured in media lacking Ca often became teratological yet motile and viable. Variations in the Ca:Mg ratio had little effect on cell yield if the sum of the concentrations of the 2 ions remained the same. Organic as well as inorganic sources of N and P were utilized. NH4 sources became toxic at elevated levels (7 mgN liter-1). Methionine was not used as N source. Cells could not be completely depleted of P, but concentrations < /= 0.01 mgP liter-1 resulted in poor growth. Vitamin B12, but not thiamine or biotin was required. Highest cell yields were at a PII-metals concentrations of 30 ml liter-1; at 100-ml liter-1 cell yield was very low. Additions (per liter) of Fe (0.5 mg) and Mo (0.1 mg) to the basal medium produced higher cell yields, but Cu (0.1 mg) and V (0.1 mg) inhibited growth.