Ref ID : 3133
Okada Yaichiro and Uyemura Mitsuo; [Studies on the Thermophilous Animals in the Hot Springs of Japan XXVII. The Thermal Fauna of the Simple and Carbonic Springs in Oita Prefecture, Japan]. Jap.J.Limnol. 10(1/2):41-67, 1940
Reprint
In File
Notes
1. In October, 1938, we made the biological survey about fifteen simple springs and one carbonic spring in Oita Prefecture. The temperature of the hot springs surveyed varies from 28 degrees C to 74 degrees C, and the pH value ranges between 6.6 and 7.9. 2. 106 species of various groups of animals were collected in the simple springs, where the temperature of water varied from 28 degrees to 56.5 degrees C, and the pH value ranged between 6.6 and 7.9. 3. Thirteen species of various groups of animals were secured in the carbonic spring, where the temperature of water ranged from 32 degrees to 52.2 degrees and the pH value was 7.0. 4. By adding the number of species collected in the simple springs and carbonic spring combined, we counted 108 species. Among these the following 22 species are newly recorded: Protozoa: Lesquereusia spiralis (Ehrenberg), Gromia tericola Leidy, Gonium pectorale O.F. Muller, Synura uvella Ehrenberg, Chaenia teres Dujardin, Chaenia sp., Bryophyllum sp., Dileptus anser O.F. Muller, Cyclidium hepatrichium Schwiakoff, Aspidisca costata (Dujardin). Mollusca: Gylanlus hiemantium (Westerlund), Segmentina nitidellus (von Martens), Viviparus malleatus Reeve. Insecta: Orthetrum triangulare melania Gelys, Crocothemis servilia Drury, Anax parthemope julins Brauer, Ranatra chinensis Mayr, Coelostoma stultum Walker, Palaplea japanica (Horvath), Diplonychus japonicus (Vuillefroy), Laccotrephes japonensis Scott, Cybister tripunctatus Oliver. Pisces: Pseudogobio esocinus (Temminck & Schlegel) Amphibia: Rana limnocharis Wiegmann. 5. Ciofalo (1927) recorded Lacrymaria coronata Claparede & Lichmann, Halteria grandinella O.F. Muller in saline springs of Sicily, and Strouhal (1934) recorded Cyclogramma sp. and Urocentrum turbo O.F. Muller in simple springs of Karnten, Austria. All these four protozoans were found to occur in our simple springs investigated, being the second discovery of such forms in hot springs. 6. Our record of collection shows probably the highest temperature at which the following animals occur in natural spring-waters. The species and the temperature of water at the time of collection for each species are as follow: Valkampfia limax (Dujardin), 56.5: Cyrtolophosis elongata Schewiakoff, 56.5: Oxytricha fallax Stein, 56.5: Stenothyra sp., 45: Caridina denticulata de Haan, 38.5: Carassius auratus Linaeus, 38.5: Aplochelus latipes (Temminck & Schlegel), 38.5: Rana limnocharis Wiegmann, 40 degrees C.