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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Macrotrachela

Macrotrachela Milne, 1886

Class Digononta: Order Bdelloidea: Family Philodinidae (ref. ID; 6806)

Order Philodinida: Family Philodinidae (ref. ID; 6565)

Most confused Rotaria.

ref. ID; 1663

With a well-developed rostrum and corona, the latter always capable of being retracted into the mouth. With three plain toes, one dorsal and two terminal. Eyes absent. Oviparous. Stomach with a true lumen. Intestine ciliated. In mosses. (ref. ID; 1663)

ref. ID; 1861

The dental formula is 2/2. The foot bears 24- to 30-µm long spurs and three toes, each about 10-µm long. The animal is 325- to 450-µm long, brown and has a thin unornamented cuticle. (ref. ID; 1861)

ref. ID; 1923

Mostly drying mosses. Some species with elaborate cuticular spination. Macrotrachela is there a development of elaborate cuticular spines on the body. (ref. ID; 1923)

ref. ID; 2892

Species up to 600 µm, most smaller; some species with elaborate cuticular spines; food not formed into pellets; oesophagus long; trochal discs mostly not closely opposed; upper lip divided or undivided; foot short, 3-4 segmented with 3 toes; spurs short, rarely medium length; eyespots absent; oviparous. (ref. ID; 2892)

ref. ID; 3137

The foot has always three even if small toes. The wheel-organ is usually wide than the head. Only exceptionally is the wheel-organ narrower than the head. On the surface of the trunk and of the foot there are very often cuticular thickening and ornaments. Very often various hypodermal knobs are developed also on the surface of the trunk. The upper lip is often very large and it is usually bilobed. All species are oviparous. The animals live mostly in drying mosses, rarely in sphagnum, very rarely in the littoral or epizoically. A great number lives in the soil. (ref. ID; 3137)

ref. ID; 3334

In this genus the foot always has three toes of equal size. The wheel organ, a corona with two separate trochal circles on pedicels, is usually wider than the head. The surface of the body is usually wider than the head. The surface of the body is usually decorated with cuticular thickenings and hypodermal knobs. Eyespots are absent. The genus is oviparous. (ref. ID; 3334)
  1. Macrotrachela aculeata (Milne, 1886) (ref. ID; 1345, 2606, 2717, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 3397), aculeata aculeata (Milne, 1886) (ref. ID; 2807)
    Syn; Callidina aculeata Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela aculeata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)
  2. Macrotrachela aliena Donner, 1964 (ref. ID; 1473 original paper)
  3. Macrotrachela angusta (Bryce, 1894) (ref. ID; 1345, 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)
    Syn; Callidina angusta Bryce, 1894 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela angusta Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)
  4. Macrotrachela armillata (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2757)
    Syn; Callidina armillata Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2757)
  5. Macrotrachela asperula (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 1345)
    Syn; Callidina asperula Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 1345); Macrotrachela asperula Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345)
  6. Macrotrachela bidens Milne, 1886
    See; Habrotrocha bidens (ref. ID; 3688), Habrotrocha milnei (ref. ID; 3136)
  7. Macrotrachela bilfingeri (Bryce, 1913) (ref. ID; 1345, 2653, 3137, 3149, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)
    Syn; Callidina bilfingeri Bryce, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3149, 3688); Macrotrachela bilfingeri Dobers, 1915 (ref. ID; 1345) or Harring, Remane, 1929 (ref. ID; 3137); Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. atuberculata-septemdecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3688); Mniobia quinquetuberculata Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  8. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. atuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2653)
  9. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. monotuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
  10. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. novemtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
  11. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. quindecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1345, 2653)
  12. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. quinquetuberculata Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
    Syn; Mniobia quinquetuberculata Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137)
  13. Macrotrachela bilfingerif. septemdecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137)
  14. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. septemtuberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
  15. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. tredecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589)
  16. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. trituberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137)
  17. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. undecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
  18. Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. tredecimtuberculata Bartos (ref. ID; 2589)
  19. Macrotrachela brachysoma Schulte, 1954 (ref. ID; 1345)
  20. Macrotrachela branchicola Harring, 1913
    See; Mniobia branchicola (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)
  21. Macrotrachela brevilabris de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 2272)
    Syn; Macrotrachela A de Koning, 1929 (ref. ID; 1345)
  22. Macrotrachela brevilabris var. aliena Donner, 1964 (ref. ID; 2275)
  23. Macrotrachela brycei Bartos, 1938
    See; Pleuretra brycei (ref. ID; 3688)
  24. Macrotrachela bullata (Murray, 1906) (ref. ID; 1345)
    Syn; Callidina bullata (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 1345); Callidina habita var. bullata Murray, 1906 (ref. ID; 1345); Macrotrachela bullata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345)
  25. Macrotrachela cancrophila (Piovanelli, 1903) (ref. ID; 2718)
    Syn; Callidina cancrophila Piovanelli, 1903 (ref. ID; 2718)
  26. Macrotrachela compacta de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345) reported year? (ref. ID; 3688)
  27. Macrotrachela concinna (Bryce, 1912) (ref. ID; 1345, 1474, 2273, 3137, 3149, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3334, 7857)
    Syn; Callidina concinna Bryce, 1912 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3149, 3275, 3688); Macrotrachela concinna Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  28. Macrotrachela constricta Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 1345) or 1866 (ref. ID; 2802)
    See; Habrotrocha constricta (ref. ID; 1345, 2802, 3136, 3688)
  29. Macrotrachela costata Bartos, 1938
    See; Pleuretra costata (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  30. Macrotrachela crucicornis Murray, 1905 (ref. ID; 1345, 3144, 3688)
    Syn; Callidina crucicornis Murray, 1905 (ref. ID; 1345, 3688); Macrotrachela crucicornis Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345)
  31. Macrotrachela decora (Bryce, 1912) (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3144, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 7857)
    Syn; Callidina decora Bryce, 1912 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3144, 3688); Callidina decora Steiner, 1913-1914 (ref. ID; 3144); Macrotrachela decora Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3144, 3688); Macrotrachela decora Remane, 1933 (ref. ID; 3144)
  32. Macrotrachela ehrenbergi (Janson, 1893) (ref. ID; 1345, 2757, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857), ehrenbergii (Janson, 1893) (ref. ID; 2273, 2276, 2807, 3137, 3275, 3511)
    Syn; Callidina ehrenbergi Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2757, 3688) or ehrenbergii (ref. ID; 2276, 3137, 3275, 3511); Macrotrachela ehrenbergi Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3688) or ehrenbergii (ref. ID; 3137)
  33. Macrotrachela elegans Milne, 1886
    See; Habrotrocha elegans (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3136, 3688)
  34. Macrotrachela extensa Haigh, 1965 (ref. ID; 2272 original paper)
  35. Macrotrachela festinans Donner, 1949 (ref. ID; 1345, 2608, 2635 original paper, 3137, 3688)
  36. Macrotrachela formosa (Murray, 1906) (ref. ID; 2731, 2757)
    Syn; Callidina formosa Murray, 1906 (ref. ID; 2757)
  37. Macrotrachela fusca Harring, 1913
    See; Habrotrocha fusca (ref. ID; 1345, 3136, 3688)
  38. Macrotrachela habita (Bryce, 1894) (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2606, 2646, 2757, 3137, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 3397, 7857)
    Syn; Callidina habita Bryce, 1894 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2757, 3137, 3275, 3511, 3688); Macrotrachela habita Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Mniobia bifera Bartos, 1939 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Mniobia bulbifera Bartos, 1939 (ref. ID; 3511); Mniobia gibbosa Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3511, 3688)
  39. Macrotrachela induta Donner (ref. ID; 2606)
  40. Macrotrachela inermis Donner (ref. ID; 1474, 2608)
  41. Macrotrachela insolita de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 2606, 2609, 2644, 2646, 3137, 3688) or 1943 (ref. ID; 2275) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609)
  42. Macrotrachela insulana Donner, 1961 (ref. ID; 2646, 2686 original paper) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519)
  43. Macrotrachela intermedia Schulte, 1954 (ref. ID; 1345)
  44. Macrotrachela kallosoma Schulte (ref. ID; 2608, 2646)
  45. Macrotrachela lata de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345)
  46. Macrotrachela latior Donner (ref. ID; 1345, 2609)
  47. Macrotrachela lepida (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2757)
    Syn; Callidina lepida Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2757)
  48. Macrotrachela libera Donner, 1949 (ref. ID; 1345, 2635 original paper) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609)
  49. Macrotrachela ligulata Haigh, 1965 (ref. ID; 2272 original paper)
  50. Macrotrachela ligulifera Bartos, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345)
  51. Macrotrachela longistyla (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2757)
    Syn; Callidina longistyla Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2757)
  52. Macrotrachela magna Schulte, 1954 (ref. ID; 1345, 2686)
  53. Macrotrachela mariae Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 1345, 7857)
  54. Macrotrachela microcornis (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2274, 2276, 2757)
    Syn; Callidina microcornis Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2276, 2757)
  55. Macrotrachela minuta Schulte, 1954 (ref. ID; 1345)
  56. Macrotrachela minuta novella Donner (ref. ID; 2609)
  57. Macrotrachela mirabilis (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2757)
    Syn; Callidina mirabilis Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2757)
  58. Macrotrachela multispinosa Thompson, 1892 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2562, 2606, 2810, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857), multispinosa multispinosa Thompson, 1892 (ref. ID; 2807)
    Syn; Callidina multispinosa Janson, 1892 (ref. ID; 3137) or 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276)
  59. Macrotrachela multispinosa var. brevispinosa Murray, 1908 (ref. ID; 2807, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589)
    Syn; Callidina multispinosa var. brevispinosa Murray, 1908 (ref. ID; 3137, 3511, 3688); Macrotrachela multispinosa var. brevispinosa Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137, 3688); Macrotrachela tihanyica Varga, 1948 (ref. ID; 3137) or tihanica Varga, 1948 (ref. ID; 3511)
  60. Macrotrachela multispinosa var. crassispinosa Murray, 1907 (ref. ID; 3137)
    Syn; Callidina mutispinosa var. crassispinosa Murray, 1907 (ref. ID; 3137); Macrotrachela multispinosa var. crassispinosa Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137)
  61. Macrotrahcela murrayi Berzins, 1950 (ref. ID; 3254 original paper)
  62. Macrotrachela musculosa Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2606, 2646, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519)
    Syn; Callidina musculosa Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3137, 3688) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519)
  63. Macrotrachela nana (Bryce, 1912) (ref. ID; 1345, 2608, 2646, 3688) or 1892 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 7857) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519, 2972)
    Syn; Callidina nana Bryce, 1912 (ref. ID; 1345, 3688) or 1892 (ref. ID; 3137); Habrotrocha milnei Wulfert, 1944 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela nana Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  64. Macrotrachela nana var. laticalcar de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 3688)
  65. Macrotrachela nana var. laticeps de Koning (ref. ID; 3688)
  66. Macrotrachela nana var. ligulata Schulte, 1954 (ref. ID; 1345, 2609) reported year? (ref. ID; 3688)
  67. Macrotrachela nixa Donner, 1961 (ref. ID; 2646, 2686 original paper) or 1962 (ref. ID; 2275)
  68. Macrotrachela novella Donner, 1961 (ref. ID; 2646, 2686 original paper)
  69. Macrotrachela oblita Donner, 1909 (ref. ID; 1345) or 1949 (ref. ID; 2635 original paper)
  70. Macrotrochela obtusa Haigh (ref. ID; 2273 original paper)
  71. Macrotrachela ornata Donner, 1949 (ref. ID; 1345, 2635 original paper) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609)
  72. Macrotrachela papillosa (Thompson, 1892) (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3137, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3397, 7857)
    Syn; Callidina papillosa Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3137, 3688)
  73. Macrotrachela petulans Milne, 1916 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)
  74. Macrotrachela pilousi Bartos, 1948 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)
  75. Macrotrachela pinnigera (Murray, 1908) (ref. ID; 1345, 2731)
    Syn; Callidina pinniger Murray, 1908 (ref. ID; 1345) or pinnigera Murray, 1908 (ref. ID; 3511); Macrotrachela pinnigera Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345)
  76. Macrotrachela plicata (Bryce, 1892) (ref. ID; 1345, 2266, 2276, 2609, 3275, 3688), 1894 (ref. ID; 2273, 3137) or 1896 (ref. ID; 2757) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 7857), plicata plicata (Bryce) (ref. ID; 2892)
    Syn; Callidina plicata Bryce, 1892 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2892, 3275, 3688), 1894 (ref. ID; 3137) or 1896 (ref. ID; 2757); Macrotrachela plicata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Macrotrachela tecta Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  77. Macrotrachela plicata hirundinella (Bryce, 1908) (ref. ID; 2892)
  78. Macrotrachela plicata var. hirundinella Murray, 1905 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3275) or 1908 (ref. ID; 3688)
    Syn; Callidina plicata var. hirundinella Murray, 1905 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137) or 1908 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela plicata var. hirundinella Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137); Mniobia circinator Wulfert, 1950 (ref. ID; 3137)
  79. Macrotrachela plicatula (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 3511)
    Syn; Callidina plicatula Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 3511)
  80. Macrotrachela punctata (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 1345, 2272, 2757, 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)
    Syn; Callidina punctata Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 1345, 2757, 3137); Macrotrachela punctata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137)
  81. Macrotrachela quadricornifera (Milne, 1886) (ref. ID; 728, 1345, 1828, 1923, 2606, 2608, 2646, 2649, 2757, 2892, 2993, 3137, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3397, 3523, 7857), quadricornifera quadricornifera Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 2273) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519, 2609, 2646)
    Syn; Callidina quadricornifera Hudson & Gosse, 1889 (ref. ID; 1345) Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 3137) or Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 2757) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519); Macrotrachela serrulata Rodewald, 1935 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)
  82. Macrotrachela quadricornifera liqulata Berzins, 1950 (ref. ID; 3254 original paper, 3372) or Berzins, 1950? (ref. ID; 2273) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2606), var. ligulata Berzins (ref. ID; 1345, 3688)
  83. Macrotrachela quadricornifera loricata Donner (ref. ID; 2609) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2606, 2646)
  84. Macrotrachela quadricornifera quadricorniferoides Bryce, 1929 (ref. ID; 2273) reported year? (ref. ID; 2646), f. quadricorniferoides (Bryce) (ref. ID; 1345), var. quadricorniferoides Bryce MS (de Koning, 1930) (ref. ID; 3688)
    Syn; Macrotrachela quadricornifera beta de Koning, 1929 (ref. ID; 1345) or 1930 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela quadricorniferoides Bartos, 1951 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela quadricorniferoides Pawlowski, 1938 (ref. ID; 3688)
  85. Macrotrachela quadricornifera var. rigida Milne, 1916 (ref. ID; 3137)
  86. Macrotrachela quadricornifera var. scutellata Schulte, 1954 (ref. ID; 1345) reported year? (ref. ID; 3688)
  87. Macrotrachela quadricornoferoides Bryce (ref. ID; 2589, 3137, 7857)
    Syn; Macrotrachela quadricornifera B de Koning, 1930 (ref. ID; 3137); Macrotrachela quadricorniferoides Pawlowski, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137)
  88. Macrotrachela reclusa Milne, 1888 or 1889
    See; Habrotrocha reclusa (ref. ID; 1345, 3136, 3688)
  89. Macrotrachela roeperi Milne, 1889
    See; Habrotrocha roeperi (ref. ID; 1345, 3136, 3688)
  90. Macrotrachela samali Bartos, 1948 (ref. ID; 3137 original paper) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)
  91. Macrotrachela serrulata (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2757)
    Syn; Callidina serrulata Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2757)
  92. Macrotrachela serrulata Rodewald, 1935
    See; Macrotrachela quadricornifera Milne, 1935 (ref. ID; 3688)
  93. Macrotrachela speciosa Murray, 1907 (ref. ID; 1345)
  94. Macrotrachela tecta Bartos, 1938
    See; Macrotrachela plicata Bryce, 1892 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  95. Macrotrachela tihanyica Varga, 1948 (ref. ID; 3137) or tihanica Varga, 1948 (ref. ID; 3511)
    See; Macrotrahchela multispinosa var. brevispinosa (ref. ID; 3137, 3511)
  96. Macrotrachela timida inquies Milne (ref. ID; 1474, 2646)
  97. Macrotrachela timida timida Milne, 1916 (ref. ID; 2275)
  98. Macrotrachela tridens Milne, 1886
    See; Habrotrocha tridens (ref. ID; 2317, 2892, 3136, 3688)
  99. Macrotrachela tuberilabris de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 2272)
  100. Macrotrachela vesicularis (Murray, 1906) (ref. ID; 1345, 2606, 3137, 3688)
    Syn; Callidina vesicularis Murray, 1906 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Macrotrachela vesicularis Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)
  101. Macrotrachela zickendrahti (Richters, 1902) (ref. ID; 1345, 2273, 2589, 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)
    Syn; Callidina zickendrahti Richters, 1902 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Callidina multispinosa var. zickendrahti Bryce, 1910 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela multispinosa var. zickendrahti Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela zickendrahti (Richters) Remane, 1932 (ref. ID; 1345) or Remane, 1929 (ref. ID; 3137)
  102. Macrotrachela zickendrahti var. digitata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 1345, 7857)
  103. Macrotrachela zickendrathi Richters, 1902 (ref. ID; 3688)
    Syn; Callidina multispinosa var. zickendrathi Bryce, 1910 (ref. ID; 3688); Callidina zickendrathi Richters, 1902 (ref. ID; 3688)
  104. Macrotrachela zickendrathi var. digitata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3688)

Macrotrachela aculeata (Milne, 1886) (ref. ID; 1345, 2606, 2717, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 3397), aculeata aculeata (Milne, 1886) (ref. ID; 2807)

Synonym

Callidina aculeata Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela aculeata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)

Descriptions

The almost 225 to 300 µm long body is clearly yellow-brown or grayish. The cuticle is very finely or roughly granulated. The head and the neck are always completely smooth. The dorsal cuticular folds are relatively weak, and on the posterior borders of the false trunk-segments they run out into short and weak spines. The number of these spinal rows as well as the number of spines in each row may vary. On the ventral side of the trunk are some unequally long transversal ventral ridges. The foot is short and weak, it is four-jointed. On the middle of the first foot-jointed sits a dorsal hypodermal knob. The spurs are small, blunt conical, and sit apart from each other. D.f.: 2/2. This species is very variable in the development of its cuticular appendages. The Bohemian individuals have two sharp, forwards pointing spines on the anterior border of the dorsal surface of the trunk and five backwards pointing spines on the anterior border of the ventral side of the trunk. The posterior border of the third false trunk-segment is protruded backwards and is like a spine. One sharply pointed knob sits on either side of the posterior border of the first trunk-segment. In some of our specimens the very small and blunt spines sit on the posterior border of the second false trunk-segment. Somewhat longer and sharper spines sit at the posterior border of the third false trunk-segment. These spines form here transversal row. A second transversal row of spines is formed on the posterior border of the fourth false trunk-segment by the two large side knobs, a large sharp spine in the median line of the body, and two little but sharp spines on either side of the body between the side knobs and central spine. The sides of the preanal segment are provided with a hemispherical knob, the lateral edges of the posterior border of this segment protrude in a blunt knob. The posterior border of the anal segment protrudes on either side into two bosses, the posterior border of this segment, which lies dorsally between these knobs is strongly waved. This wavy border is almost the last vestige of the lost spines. The posterior border of the anal segment is distinctly notched at the anus opening. A large dorsal knob is developed near the posterior border of the first foot-jointed. This knob like the foot-joint is distinctly granuled. The other segments of the foot are smooth like the head and the neck. The large rostral lamellae are very prominent. The ventral side of the trunk has six transversal cuticular ventral ridges. (ref. ID; 3137)

Macrotrachela angusta (Bryce, 1894) (ref. ID; 1345, 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)

Synonym

Callidina angusta Bryce, 1894 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela angusta Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)

Descriptions

The body is nearly 275 µm long and is rather narrow, colourless and transparent. The digestive tube is sometimes slightly yellow gray. The wheel-organ is very narrow, it is rather narrower than the neck. The mouth-corners form squarebuilt protuberances. The wheel-discs are almost square, the wheel-pedicels are separated by a very narrow sulcus. The wheel-pedicels are grown together in half their length. The dorsal antenna is short. D.f.: 2/2, sometimes with a third slightly indicated tooth on one or both jaws. (ref. ID; 3137)

Macrotrachela bilfingeri (Bryce, 1913) (ref. ID; 1345, 2653, 3137, 3149, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)

Synonym

Callidina bilfingeri Bryce, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3149, 3688); Macrotrachela bilfingeri Dobers, 1915 (ref. ID; 1345) or Harring, Remane, 1929 (ref. ID; 3137); Macrotrachela bilfingeri f. atuberculata-septemdecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3688); Mniobia quinquetuberculata Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)

Descriptions

The body of the middle size (up to 315 µm) is long and relatively wide. It is usually transparent, colourless, finely roseatre or feeblely yellowish. The digestive tube of the old individuals is darkly yellow brown. The cuticula is by the individuals living in the damper and rarely drying mosses fully smooth, by the individuals living in the often and for a longer time drying mosses finely but also roughly cornered. But the cuticular corners are developed only on the trunk, the head, the neck, and the foot are always smooth. The wheel-organ is almost wide like as the bead. The sulcus is wide and deep. The upper lip does not be too high, it is forwards straightly cut out and in the middle it is only shallowly notched. The length of the dorsal antenna attains nearly a half of the neck-width. The foot is short and three-jointed. The first segment of the foot is on the flanks somewhat extended, the second segment is developed in the form of a shield and this shield bears on the posterior outer edges the widely distant spurs. The spurs are very small and they are slowly conical. The opening for the stretching of the last foot-segment is on the ventral side of the second shield-shaped foot-segment and is here pushed farther towards the anterior border, as the third foot-segment, ending in three minute toes, is not visible from above. D.f. :2/2. The anterior borders of the jaws protrude pointedly. The surface of the body has in this species several hypodermal knobs or cuticular granules. All these knobs and granules are placed in accurate positions, usually at the posterior borders of the various body-segments. I designate each witch a Roman numeral, and arrange them in a consecutive series according to frequency of occurrence starting with, which thus is designated I., the most frequently occurring one. All the developed knobs are either conical or also cylindrical, it is only rarely that knobs I., II., III. and IV. are very long. These various forms of Macrotrachela bilfingeri Bryce can be distinguished according the development of the individuals knobs. (ref. ID; 3137)

-f. atuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2653)
Descriptions: This form does not posses any knob on the surface of the body, but where knobs I., III., IV. were to have developed the cuticle is lightly arched. (ref. ID; 3137)

-f. monotuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
Descriptions: This form has only knob I., which is cylindrical developed, either short or long. (ref. ID; 3137)

-ff. novemtuberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
Descriptions:

-f. quindecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1345, 2653)
Descriptions: The form with knobs by I., II., III., IV., V., VI., VIII. and IX. is very rare. (ref. ID; 3137)

-f. quinquetuberculata Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
Synonym: Mniobia quinquetuberculata Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137)
Descriptions: This form has knobs I., II. and III. It is the most common form of all. (ref. ID; 3137)

-f. septemdecimtuberculata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137)
Descriptions: This very rare form has knobs from I. to IX. (ref. ID; 3137)

-ff. septemtuberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
Descriptions:

-ff. tredecimtuberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589)
Descriptions:

-ff. trituberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137)
Descriptions:

-ff. undecimtuberculatae Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589, 2653)
Descriptions: All these forms live in mosses in shady places. When they live in mosses is sunny places the surface of their trunk may be covered by fine or rough cuticular granules. (ref. ID; 3137)

Macrotrachela brevilabris de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 2272)

Synonym

Macrotrachela A de Koning, 1929 (ref. ID; 1345)

Descriptions

It was little longer, spindle shaped and less stout, spurs were smaller and with small interspace, dorsal antenna longer and a quite different upper lip formation. Colourless, hyaline, cuticle smooth, light longitudinal folds. Lamellae small, semicircular with deep cleft, uncus with side slightly cut out, straight easily discernable lumen, stomach with small oil globules. Foot rather short -three segments- stout but set-off from anal segment. Spurs triangular, small, blunt and with interspace equal to their width. Animal very agile but feeds steadily of long periods foot out-stretched, occasionally swims. The feeding head has discs with papillae and sensitive setae, a deep sulcus of medium width and a low upper lip with two lobes somewhat swollen where they almost touch in the sulcus. The lower lip was rather fleshy with its middle part out-thrust and the corners projecting from the side of the head. (ref. ID; 2272)

Measurements

Length of creeping animal 212; length of feeding animal 200; width across the trochal discs 24; width across the head (lower lip corners) 27; length across the neck 24; length of unci 15; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 45; length of spurs 4.5 µm. Dorsal antenna about two-thirds neck width; dental formula 2/2 teeth strong. (ref. ID; 2272)

Macrotrachela brevilabris var. aliena Donner, 1964 (ref. ID; 2275)

Descriptions

This animal as mentioned in Haigh (1968) had pedicels that were not short and the V-shaped notched upper lip was a low arch reaching to the base of the sulcus, the edge was rolled or strengthened, there was also a peculiarity of the spurs. The animal now found had normal spurs, fairly large for the size of the specimen, slightly cut-out on both sides and with a large interspace. The short head was the same width as the discs but the lower lip corners protruded strongly. The sulcus was short and narrow. The V-shaped notch of the upper lip reached as high as the base of the sulcus but it was by means of a lobe rising from a shallow arch, the edge was not rolled, there was no ligule. The discs carried sensitive papillae and setae. The rostral lamella was fairly large with a V-shaped notch. Dental formula 2/2 with the mastax high in the neck. Colourless with light longitudinal folds dorsal antenna about two thirds neck width. There was a slight narrowing at the waist but the hip segments were not set off from the foot. (ref. ID; 2275)

Measurements

Length of creeping animal 275; length of feeding animal 165; width across the trochal discs 21; width across the head 21; head width at lower lipe corners 24; length across the neck 21; length of unci 15; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 60 µm. (ref. ID; 2275)

Macrotrachela concinna (Bryce, 1912) (ref. ID; 1345, 1474, 2273, 3137, 3149, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3334, 7857)

Synonym

Callidina concinna Bryce, 1912 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3149, 3275, 3688); Macrotrachela concinna Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)

Descriptions

This animal differs from the type species and those previously found here but appears to resemble that found by Wulfert (1944), the drawings of which are given by Voigt (1957) and shows the egg with its many knobs and also the very small notch in the upper lip. This upper lip is high, rather blunt at its tip and reaches to the height of the discs and in fact resembles that of M. ehrenbergii but has a narrow, shallow concave notch. The sulcus is deep and narrow and the notch is the same width as the sulcus. No sensitive papillae could be seen on the discs which were less in width than the head. Animal colourless or a very light brown with smooth cuticle. Lumen with loop. Foot stout, spurs fairly large and slightly cut out on the inner edge close to the tip, no interspace, Rostrum stout with round lamella and long cilia. (ref. ID; 2273)
  • Egg with many knobs, 69x39 µm. (ref. ID; 2273)

    The body is 330 µm long. The cuticle is smooth and transparent. The digestive tube is usually clear to dark brown. The wheel-organ is only as wide as the neck. The wheel-pedicels are well-developed, but strongly approached, occasionally the touch each other, but they are not grown together. On the wheel-discs are large sensitive papillae, which bear the sensitive setae. The upper lip is high, reaching almost the level of the wheel-discs and is deeply and narrowly cut out in the middle. The dorsal antenna is short, being only a 1/3 of the width of the neck. The foot is short stout and three-jointed. The spurs are short, conical, at the base they are slightly distant from each other occasionally touching, and they diverge. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg is oval, smooth. It is slightly distant pointed or has small knobs on either end. (ref. ID; 3137)

    The body of this medium-sized (375 µm) bdelloid lacks the cuticular thickening so common in this genus. The wheel organ is fractionally wider than the neck. The upper lip is large, extending as far as the wheel discs, and has an anterior notch. The dorsal antenna is very small (approximately one quarter the width of the neck). The trophi have a dental formula of 2/2. The stomach has a green to greeny-brown colour. The foot is short and made up of three segments. The spurs are short and heavy and touch at their base. (ref. ID; 3334)
  • The eggs are smooth, brown and oval (75 µm by 55 µm) with a slight hint of a polar knob. (ref. ID; 3334)

    Measurements

    Length of animal creeping 250; length of feeding animal 210; length between anterior edge of discs and the mastax 60; width across trochal discs 24; width across head 30; length of unci 18; length of spur 9 µm. Dental formula 2/2; dorsal antenna about half neck width. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Macrotrachela decora (Bryce, 1912) (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3144, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 7857)

    Synonym

    Callidina decora Bryce, 1912 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3144, 3688); Callidina decora Steiner, 1913-1914 (ref. ID; 3144); Macrotrachela decora Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3144, 3688); Macrotrachela decora Remane, 1933 (ref. ID; 3144)

    Descriptions

    The small dumpy body is 185 µm long. The digestive tube is yellow brown, the rest of the body is transparent and colourless. The surface of the cuticle is smooth, the trunk has on each side several strong cuticular folds. The rump bears a pair of strong lumbar plicae. The anal segment is in the posterior half suddenly narrowed. The rostrum is short and narrow. The rostral lamellae are far apart, they are sharply pointed and small. The sensitive setae on the rostral sheath are strongly developed. The length of the dorsal antenna equals half the width of the neck-segment. One blunt, prominent knob sits on either side of the base of the dorsal antenna. The rump passes gradually into the short and narrow foot, which is composed of four false segments. The spurs are as far apart the width of the spur at the base. The outer borders of the spurs are arched, the inner sides of the spurs are deeply notched. The digestive tube is very interesting. The first 1/3 of the digestive tube is very wide and only in the last 2/3 of the length is the lumen of the stomach normal. The wheel-organ is much wider than the head. The upper lip is not divided into lobes but runs out in bow-shape between the far apart and divergent wheel-pedicels. The bridge is very high and reaches almost the inner borders of the wheel-discs, which are inclined towards the body axis. The bridge bears two trifling ligules in the middle. The wheel-discs, which are inclined also to the dorsal side of the body, bear sensitive papillae ending in sensitive setae. D.f.: 2/2 +/-1. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela ehrenbergi (Janson, 1893) (ref. ID; 1345, 2757, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857), ehrenbergii (Janson, 1893) (ref. ID; 2273, 2276, 2807, 3137, 3275, 3511)

    Synonym

    Callidina ehrenbergi Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2757, 3688) or ehrenbergii (ref. ID; 2276, 3137, 3275, 3511); Macrotrachela ehrenbergi Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3688) or ehrenbergii (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    The upper lip was massive, reached to the height of the discs and was wide. At the anterior edge it was almost one-third in width of the total span of the discs but the most distinctive feature was the roll or thickening around the edge. The forward edge was not cut off obliquely, the discs were slightly wider than the head and had sensitive papillae and setae, the sulcus was deep and narrow, spurs small interspace. (ref. ID; 2273)

    The body is usually colourless or it may sometimes be slightly rosy or lightly yellow-brown. It attains a length of 360 µm. The body protrudes strongly, and is somewhat extended in the creeping action, but shortens abruptly between the rump and the foot. The tip of the rostrum is cut off it and provided with two large rostral lamellae. These lamellae are ear-shaped and diverge from each other. The rostrum often remains extended also in the feeding action, as is usually in the species of the genus Rotaria SCOP. The wheel-organ is narrower than the collar. The sulcus is deep and narrow. The wheel-discs are provided with sensitive papillae each of which bears a sensitive seta. The upper lip is very high, blunt triangular and reaches to the height of the wheel-discs. The foot is very short, the spurs are bluntly conical with a straight and very wide interspace. On each of the three toes the three ducts of the slime-glands are clearly visible. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg is oval with several conical knobs on it surface. The measurements of the egg with the protuberances are 75.6x44.6 µm. Without the protuberances 67.5x39.2 µm. The protuberances are 5.4 µm in the diameter and 2.5 µm wide, and relatively sparse the surface of the egg. On the egg from Tisova near Pribram the protuberances on the egg were very large, hemispherical, 3-3.5 µm wide and 2 µm high. The egg was somewhat smaller, and measured with protuberance 65x40.5 µm. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    Length of animal creeping 324; length of feeding animal 300; length between anterior edge of discs and the mastax 58; width across trochal discs 42; width across head 30; width across neck segment 30; length of unci 19; length of spur 10 µm. Width across lobe 13 µm at disc level. Dental formula 2/2; dorsal antenna half to three-quarter neck width. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Macrotrachela extensa Haigh, 1965 (ref. ID; 2272 original paper)

    Descriptions

    The most striking feature of this animal is the number of the body segments and their shape. The usual three head segments are followed by three normal neck segments, the last of which holds the mastax. The next five body segments have practically the same width as those of the neck so that these eight show edges practically parallel, while the next two body segments are much swollen being twice the width at the widest part of the preceding segments. The anal and pre-anal segments are cone shaped leading into a normal foot of four segments. There is no difference in appearance between feeding and creeping except for the folding back of the rostrum and the evertion of the discs with only a slight diminution in length which this causes, the foot remains out-stretched. At all times the segmentation is most obvious. Light brown, with many small oil globules, cuticle smooth. The rostral lamella is large with a shallow notch and is slightly wider than the anterior edge of the rostrum. The spurs are of medium size, straight sided cones without interspace, three short blunt toes. The upper lip is bilobed with the two lobes almost touching to show a straight sided V-shaped notch in the wide but very shallow sulcus. Discs wider than the head, no sensitive papillae were seen, lower lip corners prominent. Mastax of fair size and the gastric glands large and easily seen, longitudinal folds light. The egg was smooth, light brown in colour and long in proportion to its width, with a wide but shallow hump at one end. Dorsal antenna short, about one third neck width. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 425, length to swollen segment 300, width of same 50, greatest width of swollen segments 200; length of feeding animal 375; contracted animal 141x99; width across the trochal discs 69; width across the head 54; length across the neck 42; length of unci 27; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 81 µm. Egg 100x48 µm. Dental formula 2/2. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Macrotrachela festinans Donner, 1949 (ref. ID; 1345, 2608, 2635 original paper, 3137, 3688)

    Descriptions

    The body is smooth and colourless, 360 to 370 µm length. The rostrum is short and broad, it is composed of two segments. The rostral lamellae are semicircular. The dorsal antenna is short without prominent lateral knobs on the last neck segment. The longish cuticular is on the dorsal side of the trunk are very weakly developed. The foot is stout but short. The third foot segment has long widely divergent spurs, only slightly distant at their base. The wheel-organ is wider than the head. The wheel discs and the wheel-pedicels are separated by a deep and wide sulcus. The upper lip is strongly arched, and bilobed. The lateral sides of the neck are in the feeding action very markedly undulated. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg is smooth. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela habita (Bryce, 1894) (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2606, 2646, 2757, 3137, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 3397, 7857)

    Synonym

    Callidina habita Bryce, 1894 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2757, 3137, 3275, 3511, 3688); Macrotrachela habita Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Mniobia bifera Bartos, 1939 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Mniobia bulbifera Bartos, 1939 (ref. ID; 3511); Mniobia gibbosa Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3511, 3688)

    Descriptions

    The large (400-570 µm) and stout body is rarely completely colourless, most frequently it is light to dark yellow-brown and opaque. The surface of the trunk-cuticle is sometimes smooth, or it is very finely or roughly granulated. The head, the neck, and the foot with the spurs are always smooth, and these parts of the body are also always a little more lightly coloured than the trunk. On the surface of the trunk are several longish cuticular ridges, especially the sides of the trunk are strongly ridged. The wheel organ is much wider than the head. The sulcus is deep and broad. The wheel-discs are inclined towards the body axis. The sensitive setae of the wheel-discs are not always developed. The upper lip is large with two lobes separated by a wide and shallow sulcus or by a very deep and narrow one. The dorsal antenna is long. The foot is four-jointed, short and stout. On the posterior border of the first foot-segment is placed a knob which projects well beyond but in some individuals this knob may have developed only slightly or occasionally it may be completely lacking. The spurs are very short, very wide at the base, they touch, or sometimes fuse. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela insolita de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 2606, 2609, 2644, 2646, 3137, 3688) or 1943 (ref. ID; 2275) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609)

    Descriptions

    The anal segments were rather long and the foot of three segments had a broad but flat hump on the first segment. Triangular spurs with a very small interspace, wide at the base, well curved and divergent, three toes. Cuticle smooth, animal colourless but the oil globules were a light yellowy brown. The rostrum was short and broad, the sides rounded and the lamella with a V-shaped notch was slightly wider. Dorsal antenna about half neck width. Uncus not wide, dental formula 1+2/2+1. (ref. ID; 2275)

    The body of the stout animal is small and smooth. The rostrum is two-jointed, rostral lamellae are two and circular. Dorsal antenna is normal. The foot is short, three-jointed. The first foot-segment bears a large dorsal knob. The spurs are large, broad at the base and they are few apart. The inner side of each spur is S-likely cut out, the outer borders are straight. The wheel-organ is broad as the head. The wheel-discs bear sensitive setae. The sulcus between the wheel-pedicels is deep and broad. The upper lip is bilobed and very high. The lobes touch on inner sides. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Comments

    Donner (1965) states that this species is very variable and quotes both de Koning and Schulte that it is a transitory form between M. habita and M. concinna. Both these species are also very variable but the latter is without the foot hump, has rather narrow spurs and is without weak teeth. M. habitat has discs noticeably wider than the head, wide hip segment, wide uncus. Both are common but M. insolita has not been reported from here before. It has discs only very little wider than the head, no sensitive papillae could be seen. The upper lip reached almost to the height of the discs and the anterior edge was strengthened rather like that of M. brachysoma, pedicels short, sulcus narrow, head rather square. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 312; length of feeding animal 250; width across the trochal discs 48; width across the head 45; length of unci 21; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 69; length of spurs 9; width between spur tips 21 µm. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Macrotrachela ligulata Haigh, 1965 (ref. ID; 2272 original paper)

    Descriptions

    At first with only a brief glimpse of the feeding head and a stomach well filled with large oil globules it was thought to be H. ligula. The specimens were very restless and took considerable time to settle down to regular feeding. By this time the oil globules had almost disappeared and the lumen was seen clearly. The sulcus, the upper lip and ligule are very similar but the latter is not on the sulcus bridges as in the Habrotrocha species but on the upper lip. The size of the discs in proportion to the head and neck is much greater, the dental formula 2/2 with quite strong teeth and no weak ones and the jaws are very much larger. It differs from M. nana var. ligulata in that the upper lip is a low arch rather than a high triangle, and in the proportion of discs to head. The lip has two lobes which do not quite touch, in between is a tiny ligule, sometimes just above the sulcus at other just below, lower lip corners prominent, lumen long with loop. Sharply hips, foot three segments, three short stumpy toes, spurs triangular with little or no division. Trunk, foot and spurs slight granulation. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 275; length of feeding animal 225; width across the trochal discs 60; width across the head 45; length across the neck 39; length of unci 27; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 69 µm. Dorsal antenna little less than half neck width. Egg with lemon-like hump 90x54 µm. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Macrotrachela mariae Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 1345, 7857)

    Descriptions

    The body is light to dark yellow brown and nearly 260 µm in length. The surface of the trunk cuticle is finely granulated. The head, the neck, and the foot with the spurs are smooth. The wheel-organ is much wider than the head. The sulcus is shallow but very wide. The upper lip is bilobed and moderately arched. On the anterior border of the trunk are some very wide papillae, which run out into short, sickle-shaped teeth and spines. Similar papillae are found also on the sides of the middle part of the trunk, and especially on the posterior borders of the preanal and anal segments. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela microcornis (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 2274, 2276, 2757)

    Synonym

    Callidina microcornis Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 2276, 2757)

    Descriptions

    The animal is of medium size and stout, cuticle smooth and the stomach a dark greenish-grey in colour, filled with oil globules so that the verification of a wide lumen was not possible. It fed often and for long periods with the short foot outstretched. Rostrum stout with V-shaped notch in the lamella, dorsal antenna about half neck width, dental formula 2/2 teeth fairly strong. Foot stout, three segments, toes short but the spurs are not quite like those described by Murray who states "minute points wide convex space". They are very small but of a teat-shape, only narrowing just before the round tip. The wide discs had fairly large papillae with sensitive setae. The sulcus was wide and shallow, the upper lip had only two lobes and not three as shown by Murray (1911), in fact it resembles that of M. armillata (Murray 1911) which he states in like M. microcornis but which has the strong hyaline collar and the dental formula 3/3. (ref. ID; 2274)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 400; length of feeding animal 286; width across the trochal discs 84; width across the head 54; length across the neck 40; length of unci 24; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 66; interspace between base of spurs 12 µm. Egg 84x57 µm. (ref. ID; 2274)

    Macrotrachela multispinosa Thompson, 1892 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2562, 2606, 2810, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857), multispinosa multispinosa Thompson, 1892 (ref. ID; 2807)

    Synonym

    Callidina multispinosa Janson, 1892 (ref. ID; 3137) or 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276)

    Descriptions

    The body is small to medium long (127-254 µm), at rest it is noticeably wide, and flat. The young individuals are colourless to transparent. The older individuals are grayish or dark yellow brown. The cuticle on the surface of the trunk is finely granulated, for the rest the head, the neck, and the foot with the spurs are smooth. On either side of the anterior border of the first trunk-segment are two long sabre-shaped spines, pointing backwards. The anterior border of the second trunk-segment bears on either side two more long spines also pointing backwards; these two spines may sometimes shorter than the preceding two spines. On the posterior borders of the second, third, and fourth trunk-segments are on the ends of the longish cuticular folds larger or smaller spines. Two very long spines sit in the first transversal spinal row, close to the side of this row. Each typical individual has also anteriorly on either side 8 long spines. On the posterior borders of the anal and preanal segments are large papilleous formations, which is the majority of individuals run out in spines of varying length. In front of the posterior border of the anal segment are on the dorsal surface two small knobs, which run out into short spines. The posterior borders of the foot-segments are also provided with small cuticular knobs. An odd knob sits in the middle of the dorsal surface of the second foot-segment. Several individuals carry on the sides of the fourth trunk-segment and of the anal segment long and filament-shaped spines. The foot is four-jointed. The spurs are large, they are close to each other at the base. The inner sides of the spurs are deeply notched and their tips are pointed. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg has 7 side-knobs. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela multispinosa var. brevispinosa Murray, 1908 (ref. ID; 2807, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 2589)

    Synonym

    Callidina multispinosa var. brevispinosa Murray, 1908 (ref. ID; 3137, 3511, 3688); Macrotrachela multispinosa var. brevispinosa Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137, 3688); Macrotrachela tihanyica Varga, 1948 (ref. ID; 3137) or tihanica Varga, 1948 (ref. ID; 3511)

    Descriptions

    All the spines of the trunk are short. The trunk is finely granulated to coarsely wart-shaped. On the ventral side of the head is a girdle of hemispherical knobs behind the mouth-opening and a second girdle, composed of short spines behind the first girdle: D.f.: 2/2. Often with an alternatively placed always small third tooth on either jaw. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela multispinosa var. crassispinosa Murray, 1907 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Synonym

    Callidina mutispinosa var. crassispinosa Murray, 1907 (ref. ID; 3137); Macrotrachela multispinosa var. crassispinosa Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    The length, the size, and the colour of this variety is identical with the typical individuals. The anterior spines of the trunk are very widely sickle-shaped, not to much shorter than in the typical individuals. On either side of the trunk are 4 spines, which are relatively shorter than those of the type, but these spines are wide and flat. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela musculosa Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2606, 2646, 3137, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519)

    Synonym

    Callidina musculosa Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3137, 3688) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519)

    Descriptions

    The wide and transparent body is 423 µm long. The digestive tract is yellow-brown. The cuticule is smooth. The rostrum is short and wide, and has two small rostral lamellae. The wheel-organ is wider than the head, the sulcus is wide, and is covered from the upper side by a large upper lip, which is on the anterior border shallowly but widely cut out. The dorsal antenna is short, it attains the length of half of the neck-width, and it bears three or four brushes of the sensitive setae. The foot is short, four-jointed. The spurs are long, they touch at the base or are very slightly apart. D.f.: 3/3, in one jaw the anterior tooth and in the outer jaw the posterior tooth is much thinner than both the other teeth. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela nana (Bryce, 1912) (ref. ID; 1345, 2608, 2646, 3688) or 1892 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 7857) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519, 2972)

    Synonym

    Callidina nana Bryce, 1912 (ref. ID; 1345, 3688) or 1892 (ref. ID; 3137); Habrotrocha milnei Wulfert, 1944 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela nana Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)

    Descriptions

    Body is small (nearly 220 µm long) and narrow. The digestive tube is often more or less yellowish to brownish coloured. Sometimes it is vividly green. The wheel-organ is a little narrower than the head. The wheel-pedicels are distinctly separated, but they are very close together. The triangular upper lip rises in the middle of the height of the wheel-pedicels and it is cut off obliquely at the tip. This species feeds frequently with stretched-out rostrum. The foot is short and three-jointed. The supers are either very slightly apart or they touch at the base. The spurs are shortly conical pointed and their inner sides are moderately cut out. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The long oval egg is covered on the surface with a multitude of unequally long, bluntly conical outgrowths which are on the poles of the egg distinctly longer on the ends of the egg than on its sides. The proportions of the egg without the outgrowths are 57x41 µm, with the outgrowths 73x49 µm. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela nixa Donner, 1961 (ref. ID; 2646, 2686 original paper) or 1962 (ref. ID; 2275)

    Descriptions

    Large, colourless except for a light brown stomach, well segmented with light longitudinal folds. Foot short, anal segments not shapely and only slightly cut off, leading straight into the foot. Spurs not large, both sides curved, small straight interspace. First foot segment without hump but dorsally thickened, three short stumpy toes. Dorsal antenna slightly less than half neck width. Head strongly conical, discs wider than head, no sensitive papillae or setae could be seen. In the wide but shallow sulcus were two lobes of the low arched upper lip. The animal creeps awkwardly and for long periods, unsteady feeder. The contracted state was distinctive with the two wide shoulders. Egg rather narrower in proportion to length than is usual, 105x51 µm. Rostral lamella fairly large with deep V-shaped notch so that sometimes it appears as two lobed. Dental formula 2/2 no weak teeth. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 438; length of feeding animal 375; width across the trochal discs 63; width across the head 45; head length 50; width across neck segment 36; length of unci 25.5; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 87; length of spurs 9; width between spur tips 21 µm. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Macrotrochela obtusa Haigh (ref. ID; 2273 original paper)

    Descriptions

    The discs were much wider than the head and had fairly large conical sensitive papillae and setae. The sulcus was wide but shallow, the exact shape of its base straight but difficult to determine as it was mostly covered by the edge of the rostrum. The upper lip was a well rounded arch reaching to the sulcus with two small lobes and a tiny ligule in the centre. The dorsal antenna was slightly longer than the neck width, dental formula 2/2, teeth strong, the longitudinal folds were clearly defined and there were no cuticular appendages of any sort. The foot had four segments, the toes were not often outstretched, only a momentary glimpse was obtained as the animal flexed after leaving the resting state but they appeared to be short and stumpy. The three of them were very clearly seen in the majority of the specimens looking down through the preceding foot segment. The disc itself was quite clear, obviously rather thin with the tiny spur formation, rudimentary and forming part of the disc. The gut was wide and looped whilst the animals were feeding, which they did freely, weaving about and revolving on their toes and often swimming away to resume feeding elsewhere. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Comments

    Three species of the genus Macrotrachela are known with a disc-shaped appearance of the penultimate foot segment but all possess spines, humps or some form of cuticular appendage. They are M. bilfingere, M. petulans and M. asperula and none of these have as yet been found in New Zealand. The animal now recorded has a similar type of disc plate but otherwise has none of the above characteristics, the majority were straw coloured, stout and with a length of animal creeping 286-312 µm, the rest were paler in colour, some almost colourless, not quite so long or stout length of animal creeping 230-270 µm. the lamellae rather large with a deep cleft. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Measurements

    The smaller pale animals (length of feeding animal 150-170 µm) were very lightly stippled, the larger (length of feeding animal 200-210 µm) more coloured ones had a little heavier stippling. Twenty specimens were collected from one standard slide. Pale type: length of feeding animal 150; length between anterior edge of discs and the mastax 45; width across trochal discs 54; width across head 36; width across the neck segment 30 µm. Light brown type: length of feeding animal 210; length between anterior edge of discs and the mastax 60; width across trochal discs 75; width across head 51; width across the neck segment 45; length of unci 21; width between spur tips 15 µm. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Macrotrachela papillosa (Thompson, 1892) (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3137, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3397, 7857)

    Synonym

    Callidina papillosa Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 3137, 3688)

    Descriptions

    The body is minute to medium-sized (127-240 µm). In youth the body is transparent, but later it is grayish-yellow or brown and opaque. At rest the body is relatively very wide and flat. The cuticular surface of the trunk carries fine to very coarse granules. The side of the body, especially the back of the trunk and also the dorsal part of it, are covered with several cylindrical or blunt conical knobs. These knobs may be smooth, or have fine, sometimes also coarse granules. The wheel-organ is wide. The wheel-pedicels are separated by a deep and wide sulcus. On the surface of the wheel-discs are papilleous sensitive knobs ending with a sensitive seta. The upper lip is blunt triangular and high. The dorsal antenna equals in length the width of the neck. The spurs are small, pointed, their inner sides are notched. The spurs touch at the base or are very slightly apart. The foot is stout and four-jointed. D.f.: 2/2 to 4/4. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg (115x57 µm) is large, with 7 long and wide knobs on it sides. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela petulans Milne, 1916 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)

    Descriptions

    The body is stout and of medium size. The surface of the trunk is covered with rough cuticular granules. The body is colourless, barely transparent. The head, the neck and the foot are smooth and transparent. The wheel-organ is as wide as the head. The sulcus is deep and broad. The wheel-discs bear sensitive papillae bearing sensitive setae. The upper lip is anteriorly obliquely arched, the middle of the anterior border is distinctly but shallowly cut out. The dorsal antenna is stout, relatively short; it attains hardly 1/3 of the width of the neck. The foot is very short, three-jointed. The penultimate joint of the foot runs out into a flat and broad suck-plate. The spurs are short, divergent and far apart. The interspace between the bases of the spurs is moderately convex. D.f.: 3/3. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    The length of the body is in our specimens 290 µm. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela pilousi Bartos, 1948 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)

    Descriptions

    The body of this stout and dumpty species is 360 µm long. The cuticle is smooth and transparent. The body is colourless. The walls of the digestive tract and the ovaries are clear yellow brown. The content of the digestive tube and of the intestine is light greenish. The rostrum is two-jointed, short, and relatively broad with two large at the sides sharply pointed rostral lamellae. These touch at the base. The sensitive setae of the rostral sheeth are very long. In the creeping action the head forms on the anterior border oblique projections and the head on the sides of its four times waved. The wheel-discs are grown together and shin through. One large and blunt side-knob sits on each side of the base of the dorsal antenna. The dorsal antenna is short, the third neck-segment is nearly three times as long as the second neck-segment. The trunk bears on each side four longish cuticular folds. The rump is distinctly separated from the central trunk. The foot is short, it is relatively broad and four-jointed. The spurs area apart, they are divided from each other by a highly arched interspace, which equals nearly half the width of the spur at the base. The outer sides of the spurs are arched, the inner sides of the spurs are deeply notched. The fourth segment of the foot is short, and it bears three very distinctly separated but short toes. The animal creeps very rarely, but it fees very industriously and steadily. The wheel-organ is broader than the head. The wheel-pedicles are grown together in the whole length with a thick and nontransparent membrane, which overhangs the wheel-discs in a high and bow-shaped projection. This projection starts about one 1/3 into the apical field of each wheel-disc. One sensitive papilla terminating in a sensitive seta sits at the outer border on each wheel disc. The wheel-cilia are very long. The upper lip is at the base very broad, and it runs out in the middle in a high at the end straight cut off projection. This projection reaches to the wheel-discs. At the base this projection is separated from the last upper lip by a cuticular fold, which has in the middle a short and forwards pointing tooth. In the feeding action the two anterior segments retract, they are also very short and their anterior borders are strongly bent blackwards. The third neck-segment is large and shield-shaped. In the feeding action the stomach sits deep in the first trunk-segment. This segment is sharply separated from the other trunk segments. The trunk is very broad in the feeding action. The rump stands up very sharply from the central trunk. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela plicata (Bryce, 1892) (ref. ID; 1345, 2266, 2276, 2609, 3275, 3688), 1894 (ref. ID; 2273, 3137), 1896 (ref. ID; 2757) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609, 7857), plicata plicata (Bryce) (ref. ID; 2892)

    Synonym

    Callidina plicata Bryce, 1892 (ref. ID; 1345, 2276, 2892, 3275, 3688), 1894 (ref. ID; 3137), 1896 (ref. ID; 2757); Macrotrachela plicata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Macrotrachela tecta Bartos, 1938 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)

    Descriptions

    Stout, hyaline and of medium size, cuticle smooth, fairly strong longitudinal folds with strong plicae on the two anal segments which however are without a dividing segmentation. The posterior edge is concave and at each end runs out into a hump-like protuberance standing on either side of a narrow foot segment, and gradually rising away from it. These humps appeared smaller but wider than those shown by Bartos (1951). The foot has four segments, the spurs are fairly long, narrow, sharply pointed, divergent and with an interspace equal to the width of the spurs. (ref. ID; 2273)

    With offset broad posterior end; integument with distinct longitudinal folds; trunk reddish, brownish; foot short, offset laterally from trunk. In 2-lobed upper lip, posterior V-shaped notch, generally with small knob/button. Egg lemon-shaped. (ref. ID; 2892)

    The medium long and stout body is 350 µm and is always noticeable by its glasslike transparency. It is only exceptionally that the digestive tube of older individuals is lightly yellow-brown. The cuticle is smooth. The rostrum is short and very broad, with two large rostral lamellae. The wheel-organ is much wider than the head. Thew wheel-discs are far apart. The sulcus is broad and deep. The upper lip is highly arched, bilobed, the anterior borders of these lobes are oblique. The dorsal antenna is short. The preanal and the anal segments are grown together, and run out in the posterior border in a humplike arched protuberance, which protrudes beyond the anterior border of the first foot-segment. The protuberance on the posterior border is very variable in its development. The middle of this protuberance is in ours individuals shallowly or deeply notched. In other individuals has lateral edges run out in projections of varying length, which are corner-shaped. On the dorsal surface of the rump the lumbar plicae are strongly set off from the rump, and is usually only rarely visible in the creeping animal. The spurs are long, conical, somewhat divergent, and they are only slightly apart from each other at the base, or they touch. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg is large, smooth, and is 125 µm long and 60 µm wide; both ends are markedly protruding, and the tips of these protuberances are alternatively curved, one downwards the second upwards. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 250 µm. Dorsal antenna half neck width; dental formula 2/2. Resting egg 140 µm. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Length 245-450; egg 125x60 µm; teeth 2/2, 2+1/1+2, 2+1/2+1. (ref. ID; 2892)

    Animals crawling, to 380 µm. Feeding 340 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)

    Macrotrachela plicata hirundinella (Bryce, 1908) (ref. ID; 2892)

    Descriptions

    It has ca. 50 µm long lateral trunk appendages. (ref. ID; 2892)

    Macrotrachela plicata var. hirundinella Murray, 1905 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3275) or 1908 (ref. ID; 3688)

    Synonym

    Callidina plicata var. hirundinella Murray, 1905 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137) or 1908 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela plicata var. hirundinella Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137); Mniobia circinator Wulfert, 1950 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    This variety agrees in the building of the body, the surface of the cuticle, the colour, in the building of the wheel-organ, of the foot, and of the spurs with the typical form. Only the knobs on the edges of the hump shaped protuberance on the posterior border of the rump project very strongly, and are as much as 50 µm in length. They exceed also the length of the foot. These protuberances are usually divergent, but they can sit also parallely, occasionally they are in the crossing position, because they are fixed by the bases of them in the manner of a knuckle. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela punctata (Murray, 1911) (ref. ID; 1345, 2272, 2757, 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)

    Synonym

    Callidina punctata Murray, 1911 (ref. ID; 1345, 2757, 3137); Macrotrachela punctata Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    Previously seen with only a moderate granulation, these latter specimens had a heavier granule, close on the trunk and tending to follow the longitudinal folds, more sparsely on the head and foot but not on the spurs. Rather opaque, colour brown, stomach a little darker. Lamellae well rounded with cleft, discs less and the upper lip without the strengthened rim as seen before. It rose to the level of the discs and had a slight cleft, sulcus of moderate width and deep. Spurs large, well cut out, widely divergent with small interspace. (ref. ID; 2272)

    The gray or clear yellowish-coloured body attains a length of 225 to 250 µm. The cuticle of the whole body, with the exception of the head and neck, is finely or roughly granulated. The wheel-organ is very broad, the collar is very prominent. The upper lip is conspicuously high and is divided into two lobes. The dorsal antenna is as long as half the width of the neck. The foot is short and four-jointed. The foot and the spurs are somewhat swelled. The spurs are blunt, divergent with a small interspace or they touch at the base. D.f.: 2/2, often still with a third small alternatively placed tooth in either jaw. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg (120x60 µm) is somewhat elongated at the ends or completely oval. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 336; length of feeding animal 275; width across the trochal discs 39; width across the head 30; length of unci 18; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 60 µm. Dorsal antenna half neck width; dental formula 2/2. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Macrotrachela quadricornifera (Milne, 1886) (ref. ID; 728, 1345, 1828, 1923, 2606, 2608, 2646, 2649, 2757, 2892, 2993, 3137, 3275, 3688) reported year? (ref. ID; 3397, 3523, 7857), quadricornifera quadricornifera Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 2273) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519, 2609, 2646)

    Synonym

    Callidina quadricornifera Hudson & Gosse, 1889 (ref. ID; 1345) Janson, 1893 (ref. ID; 3137) or Milne, 1886 (ref. ID; 2757) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1519); Macrotrachela serrulata Rodewald, 1935 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137)

    Descriptions

    M. quadricornifera is a very common species, widely distributed, inhabiting both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. It reproduced by apomictic thelytoky only. M. quadricornifera is morphologically well recognizable because of two peculiar appendages dorsal to the spurs. (ref. ID; 728)

    This form has the long dorsal antenna, the teat-like appendages on the first foot segment are usually very similar in shape and in the spacing on the segment but some have been seen which were very much smaller than others. (ref. ID; 2273)

    When the animal is completely relaxed, the trochi are extended and the rostrum wholly retracted. The animal is not completely relaxed; the rostrum is still visible dorsally. The pseudotrochal cilia almost completely surround the pedicels ridges, and the cingulum around the mouth opening is visible. A very small tuft of sensitive setae is situated in the middle of the flattened part of each pedicel; the upper surface of the pedicels is rough due to the presence of many microvilli. The integument covering the stalks of the trochi is perforated by a large number of pores. When the trochi are retracted, the rostrum can be observed. It consists of a ciliated tuft and a cuticularized lamella. Behind the lamella some cilia may be seen. Between the lamella with cilia and the tuft there is a bare region surrounded by microvilli, quite close to those on the pedicels. The dorsal antenna is very small with a few short cilia at its top. The integument on the head is quite smooth, sporadically perforated by pores about 0.5-1.0 µm apart. The barrel-shaped trunk exhibits longitudinal folds laterally. Its integument is rough and is studded with pores. The average distance between the pores, on the basis of 50 measurements on 5 animals, is 1.02 µm (standard deviation 0.10). Each pore is located in the middle of an irregular elevated area about 1.0 µm wide. These areas are adjacent to each other. The foot is short and has two short conical spurs and three toes. The two appendages typical of the species are anterior the spurs: their shape is conical and roundish at the tip. The medio-dorsal surface of the spurs and the surface between the spurs and the toes are covered with rounded papillae, each 0.4 µm in diameter with a small pore in the center. The spurs are apparently canaliculated; each tip has a roundish opening 0.5 µm in diameter. Two of the three toes are symmetrically ventral, while one is medio-dorsal. The medio-dorsal one is connected to the other two by a groove encircling it and stopping at the tips of the other toes. In the middle of the medio-dorsal toe there is a fold bordered by a few papillae, similar to the papillae on the spurs. The integument of the foot, except for the papillae, is smooth and perforated with pores, similar to the integument on the head. (ref. ID; 2649)

    2 variably formed short processes on first foot segment; body yellowish to brown; egg lemon-shaped, sometimes brownish in colour. Fastened with adhesive to moss and leaves. Several varieties and forms described. (ref. ID; 2892)

    The medium long body (up to 363 µm) in stout, only in the youth transparent, later it is slightly or dark yellow-brown with the dark yellow digestive tube. The cuticle is smooth. The rostrum is short and it is relatively wide with two rostral lamellae. The wheel-organ is much wider than the head. The wheel-pedicels are separate by a deep and wide sulcus. The upper lip is forwards strongly arched and wide. The anterior border of the upper lip is shallowly cut out. The dorsal antenna is short, attaining only nearly half of the neck-width. The foot is short, four-jointed; the first joint bears on the dorsal side two backwards pointing hypodermal knobs. The knobs are large, they touch at the base, and they are relatively wide. On the inner side the spurs are notched and their ends are sharply pointed. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The eggs is 115 µm long and 50 µm wide, it is oval, smooth and has the form of a lemon at both end; the two ends are not completely similar. (ref. ID; (ref. ID; 3137)

    Comments

    This form is with only one rather large teat-like protuberance on the first foot segment. It differs form that found on some of the species M. habita (some have no appendage at all), these are usually fairly wide, parallel-sided and connected to the foot segment for the greater part of these length so that they stand out very little. In the animal here described the protuberance with it rounded end could be seen in the lateral view standing well out and away from the foot segment, almost at right angles. The only the slightly difference from the type species was the rather weak lamella with a well defined notch with fairly long cilia. Pale brown in colour, four foot segments and three short stumpy toes. Dorsal antenna almost neck width. Dental formula 2+1/1+2. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 250; length of feeding animal 187; width across the trochal discs 36; length across the neck 30; length of unci 18; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 45; width between spur tips 15; length of spurs 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Length juvenile 130-200, adult -405; spurs 9-12; egg 90-100x45 µm; teeth 2/2, 2+1/1+2. (ref. ID; 2892)

    Animals feeding 280 µm. The individuals observed had very broad teeth 34 µm. (ref. ID; 3275)

    Macrotrachela quadricornifera liqulata Berzins, 1950 (ref. ID; 3254 original paper, 3372) or Berzins, 1950? (ref. ID; 2273) reported year? (ref. ID; 2609) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 2606), var. ligulata Berzins (ref. ID; 1345, 3688)

    Descriptions

    This form conformed to the description given by its finder with two small pointed triangular secondary spurs and the lip ligule. Light brown in colour with very light granulation. Dorsal antenna almost neck width. Dental formula 2+1/2+1. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Measurements

    Length of feeding animal 210; width across the trochal discs 81; length across the neck 51; length of unci 21; length of spurs 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Macrotrachela quadricornifera quadricorniferoides Bryce, 1929 (ref. ID; 2273) reported year? (ref. ID; 2646), f. quadricorniferoides (Bryce) (ref. ID; 1345), var. quadricorniferoides Bryce MS (de Koning, 1930) (ref. ID; 3688)

    Synonym

    Macrotrachela quadricornifera beta de Koning, 1929 (ref. ID; 1345) or 1930 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela quadricorniferoides Bartos, 1951 (ref. ID; 3688); Macrotrachela quadricorniferoides Pawlowski, 1938 (ref. ID; 3688)

    Descriptions

    The animal usually rests with the tip protruding from the neck segment and this often offers a valuable first clue to identification. Second, in the large variation in the secondary spurs in size, shape and spacing, they may be small or large equilateral or isosceles triangles, and with their bases touching or so widely separated that they lie on the lateral edges of the foot segment or project beyond so that their tips are as wide apart as those of the spur themselves. The edges may appear quite straight or slightly cut out. Some of these varying types of appendages are shown. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Comments

    For a long time there has been doubt and confusion regarding these variety, some workers, e.g. Bartos (1951) gave it specific rank, others, e.g. Voigt (1957) held it to be a variety. Now Donner (1965) confirms this latter view and groups together as one species seven varieties, quadricornifera, quadricorniferoides, rigida, ligulata and scutellata, adds a new one loricata and reduces from specific rank vanoyei. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Macrotrachela quadricornifera var. rigida Milne, 1916 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    The body of this form attains the length of the typical individuals. The trunk is clear or darkly yellow-brown and it is always opaque. The whole surface of the trunk is finely or roughly cornered. The head, the neck, and the foot with the spurs are completely smooth or very finely granulated, and they are always a little or more light-coloured than the trunk. Otherwise this form agrees with the typical individuals. D.f.: 2/2. Of the third and much thinner tooth sits on each jaw. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela quadricornoferoides Bryce (ref. ID; 2589, 3137, 7857)

    Synonym

    Macrotrachela quadricornifera B de Koning, 1930 (ref. ID; 3137); Macrotrachela quadricorniferoides Pawlowski, 1938 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    The body is of medium length, colourless or it is light to dark yellow-brown. The cuticle is smooth, but is sometimes on the surface of the trunk finely to roughly granulated. Some individuals make parallel forms to the variety rigida Milne so as by precedent species. Otherwise this species agrees in the whole composition of its body with Macrotrachela qudricornifera Milne except for the knobs on the first foot-joint, the form of the spurs and the form of the egg. The knobs of the dorsal surface of the first foot-segment are very wide at the base, so that they often fuse, their tips are always sharply pointed. The spurs are very wide and they fuse at the base. (ref. ID; 3137)
  • Egg: The egg is broadly oval and without polar protuberances. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela samali Bartos, 1948 (ref. ID; 3137 original paper) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)

    Descriptions

    The cuticle is completely smooth. The body is usually colourless and transparent, the digestive tube is slightly yellowish coloured by the multitude of oil-drops which fill the walls of the stomach. The two-jointed rostrum is short and broad and bears two semicircular rostral lamellae. The dorsal antenna is short. The short and stout foot is four-jointed. On the posterior border of the first foot-joint are three backwards protruding knobs. Square knob is placed in the middle of the dorsal side of the posterior border. The last two knobs are placed on the sides of this foot-joint. The spurs are on the third foot-joint, and are separated by a moderately arched interspace. The spurs are wide at the base and the ends are sharply pointed. The inner sides of the spurs are deeply notched. The foot ends in three wide not much long toes. The wheel-organ is much wider than the head. The wheel-pedicels are separated by a deep and broad sulcus. No sensitive seta was observed on the wheel-discs. The wheel-discs moderately inclined towards the ventral side of the body. The upper lip consists of two high lobes, having a marginal band on their borders. These lobes are separated by a deep and narrow notch. At the mouth-corners the collar is very prominent and high. D.f.: 2/2. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Comments

    This new species is similar in the form of its wheel-organ to the Macrotrachela habita Bryce. In the building of the first foot-joint it reminds one of the new species Habrotrocha trilobata Bartos. It is probable that Macrotrachela samali constitutes a transition form between Macrotrachela habita Bryce and Macrotrachela bullata Murray. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Etymology

    This new species is named in honour Dr. Jaromir Samal, who was shot on 5th of June by the Greman Nazic murderers and usurpers of my country. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    The body is 270um long in the creeping animal and only 220 µm long in the feeding animal. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela timida timida Milne, 1916 (ref. ID; 2275)

    Descriptions

    Lamella two slightly rounded lobes, dorsal antenna short, about one third neck width, hip segments show 'crinoline' effect but no ridge on the borders of either the anal of foot segments could be seen, there was no hump on the first segment. Spurs fairly long slender and pointed, a small interspace had a shoulder on each side. Dental formula 2/2, no weak teeth. Discs with sensitive setae, slightly wider than the head, wide shallow sulcus, upper lip triangular with rounded lobe reaching to disc height. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Comments

    Not reported before this species resembles M. ehrenbergii but has a different lamella, hip segment and spurs and is not quite so rapid a creeper, feeds steadily colourless, small, fairly slender with longitudinal folds and plicae. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 250; length of feeding animal 150; width across the trochal discs 36; width across the head 30; length of unci 18; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 54; length of spurs outer edge 12, inner edge 9 µm. The egg, 51x42 µm, was covered with numerous wart-like humps. (ref. ID; 2275)

    Macrotrachela tuberilabris de Koning, 1947 (ref. ID; 1345, 2272)

    Descriptions

    This animal differs from that described by all other writers in that the dental formula is 2/2 instead of 3/3 and also in having papillae and sensitive setae on the discs which were a little wider than the head. The sulcus wide and shallow, the upper lip a broad moderate arch with a tongue-like lobe lying in the sulcus but of a little less width. It can be difficult to distinguish, on occasions it was obscured by the disc cilia. The lower lip corners stand out, the transverse folds were rather strong, not so the longitudinal ones. The two-segmented rostrum had long cilia, the lamellae were semicircular. Spurs short and slightly cut out towards the tips, small interspace, three short stumpy toes, anal segments shapely, foot of medium width. Dorsal antenna short and slender. The creeping animal was slender but thickened out when feeding, showing a great reduction in length. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 237; length of feeding animal (foot retracted) 120; width across the trochal discs 54; width across the head 45; length across the neck 30; length of unci 18; length between the anterior edge of the discs and the mastax 45; length of spurs 6 µm. (ref. ID; 2272)

    Macrotrachela vesicularis (Murray, 1906) (ref. ID; 1345, 2606, 3137, 3688)

    Synonym

    Callidina vesicularis Murray, 1906 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688); Macrotrachela vesicularis Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137, 3688)

    Descriptions

    The body is of medium size, it is stout, and clear or dark brown. The younger individuals are colourless. The cuticle of the body surface is smooth, the sides of the dorsal surface of the trunk with strong cuticular ridges. The wheel-organ is distinctly narrower than the largest diameter of the trunk in the feeding action. The wheel-discs are large, and bear in the middle the sensitive setae. The sulcus is relatively wide and deep. The upper lip is composed of two at the sides strongly extended lobes, which are far apart. The foot is four-jointed, stout and short. On the dorsal surface of the first foot-segment two blunt forward-pointing knobs. The spurs are pointed, far apart, and they are separated by a moderately arched interspace. D.f.: 6/5. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    The length of body is 325 µm. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Macrotrachela zickendrahti (Richters, 1902) (ref. ID; 1345, 2273, 2589, 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 7857)

    Synonym

    Callidina zickendrahti Richters, 1902 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Callidina multispinosa var. zickendrahti Bryce, 1910 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela multispinosa var. zickendrahti Harring, 1913 (ref. ID; 1345, 3137); Macrotrachela zickendrahti (Richters) Remane, 1932 (ref. ID; 1345) or Remane, 1929 (ref. ID; 3137)

    Descriptions

    It remained for long periods in a contracted state, when it did move it was only for a very short time, always rather sluggishly seeking the cover of moss particles. There was much mucus about which held many minute pieces of moss and detritus, some of this covered the anal segments, some trailed behind. It made it difficult to determine the exact placing of the many appendages but there could be no doubt of its species. However it does not fully conform with the only detailed description available, that of Bartos (1951), the flat fin- or wing-like appendages were without the fine filaments which apparently are often broken off. Also, although he state that the form of these appendages is rather variable, both the text and the drawings seem to indicate that they occur only on the upper half of the trunk with curved spines something like those of M. multispinosa on the lower half and with both spines and fins in somewhat the same position as the spines of this species. The trunk was granulated, its colour light brown, head and foot colourless, the lamella had a deep cleft. The dorsal antenna was fairly long, about three-quarters of the neck width and its segment had two lateral humps. The mouth folds were strong, the uncus rather large with a strong outer edge, dental formula 2+1/2+1. Spurs fairly large and fleshy, divergent with small interspace, the foot was not often seen, it was kept under the trunk even when creeping. There was much mucus and debris over the trunk and foot, it prevented exact examination of the placing of the many papillae. Only the bases of the lower trunk spines were present, here too the fine filament had been broken off. (ref. ID; 2273)

    The body is of medium size (280 µm). It is transparent to dark brown and opaque. The surface of the trunk-cuticle is finely granulated, for the rest the head, the neck, and the foot with the spurs are completely smooth. The rostrum is long, the rostral lamellae are large. Two large protuberances sit on either side of the base of the dorsal antenna. On the dorsal surface of the trunk are several pin-shaped and flat appendages which run out into one to six light brittle filaments. When the filament breaks the remaining part is always sharply pointed. The posterior borders of the trunk bear the papillae and spine. Several small papillae sit also on the sides and on the posterior borders of the foot-segments. On three places of the body the lateral long, cylindrical papillae run out into long outwards curved filaments, as in some varieties of Macrotrachela multispinosa Thompson. The spurs are large, they touch at the base. D.f.: 2/2, often with a thinner third tooth in either jaw. This tooth sits alternatively in front of and behind the two normal teeth. This species varies much in the number of filaments in the pins, in the length of these filaments, in the number of the pins. The positions of the pins coincide with the positions of the longest spines of Macrotrachela mulsipinosa Thompson; this shows the close relationship between these two species. The wheel-organ is very wide, with a deep and wide sulcus between the wheel-pedicels. The upper lip consists to two large closely approached lobes. The basal knobs of the dorsal antenna form in the feeding action the lateral projections of the posterior border of the feeding head. (ref. ID; 3137)

    Measurements

    Length of creeping animal 250, contracted 150x90 µm. (ref. ID; 2273)

    Macrotrachela zickendrahti var. digitata Bartos, 1943 (ref. ID; 3137) reported year? (ref. ID; 1345, 7857)

    Descriptions

    The variety agrees with the type in the size of the body, the length, the colour and the number of the pins. But instead of the long filaments on the tips of the pins it has only short and always obliquely ending knobs in number of from two to six. These knobs look like stunted fingers. (ref. ID; 3137)