Cymbalaria muralis

Basic information
Scientific name	Cymbalaria muralis	Click to magnify
Common names	Ivy-leaved toadflax, Kenilworth ivy
Higher taxon	Scrophulariaceae, Scrophulariales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Mediterranean coastal region, Europe.
Habitat	Crack on stone wall in roadside and urban area. Bank along small rivers.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku Is and Kyushu (excluding Saga and Kumamoto Pref).
Origin	Unknown.
Date	1912
Route	Deliberate: As a horticultural plant (for rock gardens)
Impact	Unknown.
Regulation in Japan	Under Construction.
Introduced range in other countries	Australia, New Zealand, North, Central and South America, Hawaii

Reference	Notes
Encyclopedia of Life (Accessed on 2011-05-02) http://www.eol.org/ Ogaito, H (2011, pers. comm., observation on microhabitat in several sites of Hyogo Pref.) Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn) etc.