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Cymbalaria muralis

Basic information
Scientific name Cymbalaria muralis

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ツタバウンラン
Common names Ivy-leaved toadflax, Kenilworth ivy
Higher taxon Scrophulariaceae, Scrophulariales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range Mediterranean coastal region, Europe.
Habitat Crack on stone wall in roadside and urban area. Bank along small rivers.
Invasion information
Range in Japan Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku Is. Range in Japan
Origin Unknown.
Date 1912
Route Deliberate: As a horticultural plant (for rock gardens)
Impact Unknown.
Regulation in Japan Under Construction.
Introduced range in other countries Australia, New Zealand, North, Central and South America, Hawaii
Reference Notes
  • Encyclopedia of Life (Accessed on 2011-05-02) http://www.eol.org/
  • Ogaito, H (2011, pers. comm., observation on microhabitat in several sites of Hyogo Pref.)
  • Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn)
  • etc.