Verbena bonariensis

Basic information
Scientific name	Verbena bonariensis	Click to magnify
Common names	Tall vervain, Purpletop verbena
Higher taxon	Verbenaceae, Lamiales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Central America.
Habitat	Urbanarea, riverside, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan
Origin	Unknown.
Date	Recorded since late 1940s in Tokai District.
Route	Deliberate: For horticulture and greening
Impact	Competition with riverside vegetation Native organism(s) affected: Riverside vegetation, etc.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	Unknown.

Reference	Notes
Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Tokyo (in Jpn) etc.