Morus australis

Basic information
Scientific name	Morus australis	Click to magnify
Major synonym	Morus acidosa, Morus bombycis, Morus amamiana
Common names	Aino mulberry
Higher taxon	Moraceae, Urticales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Japan (lower montane region in main islands), Sakhalin, China, Indochina, India, Himalaya.
Habitat	Humid forest

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. (Chichijima and Hahajima Is.)
Origin	Ryukyus and Hachijojima Island, Izu Islands
Date	1890s and 1920s
Route	Deliberate: For culture of silkworm
Impact	Actually: Hybridization with native mulberry M. boninensis. On Chichijima and Hahajima Is., only few mother trees of the native mulberry exist, and most offspring may be hybrid. Native organism(s) affected: Native congener M. boninensis (hybridization)
Regulation in Japan	Import of the fruits of Morus from the regions with Ceratitis capitata and those with Bactrocera tryoni is prohibited by the Plant Protection Law.
Introduced range in other countries	Unknown.

Reference

Notes

Kawahara & Yoshimaru (2002) Morus boninensis. Shinrin-Kagaku. 34, 14-18 (in Jpn)
Kawakami & Okochi (eds) (2009) Restoring the Oceanic Island Ecosystem. Impact and Management of Invasive Alien Species in the Bonin Islands. Springer, Tokyo, Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York.
Satake et al. (1989) Wild Flowers of Japan, Woody Plants [I]. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Tomiyama (1999) Disturbance of island ecosystem by introduced species in Ogasawara Islands. Jpn J Ecol. 48, 63-72 (in Jpn)
Toyoda (ed.) (2003) Flora of Bonin Islands (Enlarged & Revised). Aboc, Kamakura (in Jpn)
etc.

Currently, this species is not used for silkworm culture.

Although the invasive mulberry on Ogasawara is usually identified as M. australis in recent literature, an author pointed out that some invasive mulberries on Ogasawara seem to be M. kagayamae, the native mulberry on Hachijojima, one of the putative sources of the invasive mulberry.