Phleum pratense

Basic information
Scientific name	Phleum pratense	Click to magnify
Common names	Timothy
Higher taxon	Poaceae, Poales, Liliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Europe.
Habitat	Crop field, some kind of farm area, grassland, stream, urban area, vacancy, waterfront.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan. Relatively abundant in northern and upland area.
Origin	Unknown.
Date	Introduced in 1874 to Hokkaido.
Route	Deliberate: as a pasture grass
Impact	Competition with native and crop plants (especially in upland). Host for insects and fungi. Allergen for hay fever. Native organism(s) affected: Native and crop plants.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	Asia, Oceania, North and South America

Reference	Notes
Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Tokyo (in Jpn) Shimizu (ed) (2003) Naturalized Plants of Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn) etc.