Erigeron philadelphicus

Basic information
Scientific name	Erigeron philadelphicus	Click to magnify
Common names	Philadelphia fleabane
Higher taxon	Asteraceae, Asterales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	North America.
Habitat	Around rice field, pasture field, roadside, farm area, riverside bank, vacancy, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan
Origin	Unknown.
Date	1920s.
Route	Deliberate: As ornamental plant
Impact	Competition with native species, crops, pasture, etc. Allelopathy. An allergen of hay fever. Native organism(s) affected: Native grasses, crops, pasture, etc.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	East Asia.

Reference	Notes
Ecol Soc Jpn (ed) (2002) Handbook of Alien Species in Japan. Chijinshokan, Tokyo (in Jpn) Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn) Satake et al. (1981) Wild Flowers of Japan, Herbaceous Plants [III]. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn) Shimizu (ed) (2003) Naturalized Plants of Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn) etc.	100 of the Japan’s Worst Invasive Alien Species