Medicago lupulina

Basic information
Scientific name	Medicago lupulina	Click to magnify
Common names	Black medic, Hop clover, Yellow trefoil
Higher taxon	Fabaceae, Fabales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Europe.
Habitat	Roadside, farm area, grass field, edge of forest, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan
Origin	Unknown.
Date	Middle 19th century or earlier.
Route	Deliberate: for feed crop
Impact	Potentially: Competition with native species and crop plants. Accumulation of soil nitrogen. Native organism(s) affected: Native and crop plants.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	South and North America, Asia, Oceania, Africa, etc.

Reference	Notes
Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn) Satake et al. (1982) Wild Flowers of Japan, Herbaceous Plants [II]. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn) Shimizu (2003) Naturalized Plants of Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn) etc.