Barbarea vulgaris

Basic information
Scientific name	Barbarea vulgaris	Click to magnify
Common names	Common yellow rocket, Bitter wintercress
Higher taxon	Brassicaceae, Capparales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Europe.
Habitat	Farm area, rice field, grassland, roadside, riverside, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Most of entire Japan
Origin	Unknown.
Date	The first import was in 1910. The first record of naturalization was in 1960, at Gumma Pref.
Route	Accidental: Hitchhiking on imported wheat.; Deliberate: Sometimes cultured for food;
Impact	Competition with native plants and crops. Allelopathy. Parasites (insects, viruses). Native organism(s) affected: Native plants, crops, etc.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	N Africa, Oceania, North America, Aisa.

Reference	Notes
Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The Invasive Alien Species Act (Accessed on 2011-1-11) http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/as.html (in Jpn) Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn) etc.	100 of the Japan’s Worst Invasive Alien Species