| Invasion information |
| Range in Japan |
Foulings on ports of Shizuoka, Toyama, Osaka, Hyogo, Tokushima, Kochi, Yamaguchi, and Fukuoka Prefs. are recorded. |
|
| Origin |
Maybe Gladstone, Australia. Almost ports with this species are used for importing coal from Gladstone. |
| Date |
The first record was in 1991 at Uchinoura Bay, Kochi Pref. Spread by early 2000s. |
| Route |
Accidenta: Hitchhiking ballast water. |
| Impact |
Unknown. This species possibly competitive with native species, due to large fecundity. |
| Regulation in Japan |
No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication. |
| Introduced range in other countries |
Australia, South Africa, Brazil, NW Italy, NE Spain, SE and W North America, and Oahu, Hawaii. |