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Bufo japonicus japonicus

Basic information
Scientific name Bufo japonicus japonicus

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ニホンヒキガエル
Major synonym Bufo bufo japonicus
Common names Japanese common toad
Higher taxon Bufonidae, Anura, Amphibia
Natural range Western Japan
Habitat Various habitats such as farm area, forest, grassland, urban park, nearby beach, etc.
Invasion information
Range in Japan Introduced to Sendai (Miyagi Pref.), Kanazawa (Ishikawa Pref.) and Tokyo. Range in Japan
Origin Unknown.
Date 1960s, 1980s.
Route Possibly deliberate: for educational material. Accidental introduction might also occur.
Impact Competition, hybridization with native subspecies.
Native organism(s) affected: Native subspecies B. j. formosus
Regulation in Japan No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries
Reference Notes
  • Sengoku et al. (eds) (1996) Encyclopedia of Animals in Japan 5, Amphibians, Reptiles, Chondrichthyes. Heibonsha. (in Jpn)
  • Maeda & Matsui (1999) Frogs and Toads of Japan. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan. (in Jpn, Eng abstract)
  • Matsuo (2005) Amphibian and Reptiles of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Nagasaki Shinbunsha
  • Ecol Soc Japan (ed) (2002) Handbook of Alien Species in Japan. Chijin-Shokan. (in Jpn)
  • Okuno (1985) Studies on the natural history of the Japanese toad, Bufo japonicus japonicus. V. Post-metamorphic survival and logevity. Jpn J Ecol. 35:93-101 (in Jpn Eng absract)
  • Toda & Yoshida (2005) Issues and perspectives regarding invasive alien species of amphibians and reptiles in Japan. Bull. Herpetol. Soc. Jpn. 2005(2):139-149
  • etc.