Lonchura punctulata

Basic information
Scientific name	Lonchura punctulata	Click to magnify
Common names	Nutmeg mannikin, Scary-breasted munia, Spice finch, Spotted mannikin, Spotted munia
Higher taxon	Estrildidae, Passeriformes, Aves
Natural range	India, Sri Lanka, S continental China, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, Indonasia, Philippine
Habitat	Farm area, grassland, shrub, reed bed.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	There are records of breeding in Tokyo and Okinawajima Is., and occurrence in Kanagawa Pref.
Origin	Unknown.
Date	Found in 1961 to 1981, in eastern Japan.
Route	Deliberate: Escape or release of pet animal
Impact	Potentially: Damage on agriculture in native range and foreign non-native ranges. Native organism(s) affected: Crops
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, Australia, Hawaii, Guam, Micronesia, Reunion, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Repub. Dominica, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles, etc.

Reference

Notes

Clement et al. (1993) Finch & Sparrow. Christpher Helm, London.
Eguchi & Amano (2004) Spread of exotic birds in Japan. Ornithol Sci. 3, 3-12.
Eguchi & Fujimaki (eds) (2000) Check-List of Japanese Birds Sixth Revised Edition. The Ornithological Society of Japan, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Kawakami & Kanouchi (2012) The Handbook of Introduced Birds in Japan. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Lepage (ed) (2003-2012) Avibase – the world bird database (Accessed on 2012-6-12) http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/
Long (1981) Introduced Birds of the World. David & Charles, Newton.
etc.