Chrysanthemum seticuspe

Basic information
Scientific name	Chrysanthemum seticuspe	Click to magnify
Major synonym	Chrysanthemum boreale, Dendranthema boreale
Common names
Higher taxon	Asteraceae, Asterales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Japan (Pacific coastal area in northeastern part of Honshu, Nagano Pref., Kinki District, and northern Kyushu District), continental China (north and northeast area), and Korean Peninsula
Habitat	Moderately dry cliff in montane area.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Introduced to Honshu, Shikoku, and Tsushima Is. from China and South Korea.
Origin	Continental China and South Korea
Date	1990s.
Route	Deliberate: For slope protection
Impact	Competition, hybridization with native species. Native organism(s) affected: Native herbs, conspecific native population.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	Unknown.

Reference	Notes
Ecol Soc Jpn (ed) (2002) Handbook of Alien Species in Japan. Chijinshokan, Tokyo (in Jpn) Okuda (ed) (1997) Wild plants of Japan. Shogakukan, Tokyo (in Jpn) Satake et al. (1981) Wild Flowers of Japan, Herbaceous Plants [III]. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn) etc.	This species is assigned as a near threatend species (NT) in the Japanese national red list, and as a vulnerable species in the red lists of Tokyo and Chiba Prefs. For slope protection in Japan, there are many cases using imported seeds from China and South Korea, as “native species,” as the case of this species.