Veronica persica

Basic information
Scientific name	Veronica persica	Click to magnify
Common names	Commonfield speedwell, Creeping speedweed, Iran Speedwell
Higher taxon	Scrophulariaceae, Scrophulariales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Europe.
Habitat	Farm area, fruit garden, pasture, roadside, vacancy, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan
Origin	Unknown.
Date	The first record in 1887 at Tokyo. Spread by late 1910s.
Route	Accidental: Details unknown.
Impact	Competition with native species, crop, lawn grass, etc. Parasite (insects, viruses). Native organism(s) affected: Veronica polita (an old alien species), native grasses, crops, lawn grass, etc.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	Asia, North and South America, Oceania, Africa

Reference

Notes

Jpn Assoc Advanc Phyto-Regul & Inst Contr Agrochem, Minist Agr, China (2000) Chinese Colored Weed Illustrated Book. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku-Kyokai, Tokyo
Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn)
Satake et al. (1981) Wild Flowers of Japan, Herbaceous Plants [III]. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Shimizu (ed) (2003) Naturalized Plants of Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
etc.