Trifolium repens

Basic information
Scientific name	Trifolium repens	Click to magnify
Common names	White clover, Ladino clover, Shamrock
Higher taxon	Fabaceae, Fabales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range	Europe.
Habitat	Roadside, vacancy, farm area, grassland, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan
Origin	Netherlands
Date	Imported many times since the first import in 1846 from Netherlands.
Route	Deliberate: The first introduction was those used as stuffing for present articles from Netherlands. After, those imported as grazing, green manure, afforestation may be spread widely.
Impact	Competition with native grasses and crops. Accumulation of soil nitrogen, etc. Native organism(s) affected: Native grasses and crops.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	N Africa, Asia, North and South America, Oceania, etc.

Reference

Notes

Hotta et al. (1989) Useful Plants of the World. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Jpn Assoc Advanc Phyto-Regul & Inst Contr Agrochem, Minist Agr, China (2000) Chinese Colored Weed Illustrated Book. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku-Kyokai, Tokyo (in Chn and Eng)
Osada (1976) Colored Illustrations of Naturalized Plants of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka (in Jpn)
Satake et al. (1982) Wild Flowers of Japan, Herbaceous Plants [II]. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Shimizu (ed) (2003) Naturalized Plants of Japan. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
etc.