Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Basic information
Scientific name	Bursaphelenchus xylophilus	(No picture)
Common names	pine wood nematode
Higher taxon	Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchida, Secernentea, Nemata
Natural range	North America.
Habitat	Parasite on pine trees. Propageted by longicorn beetles genus Monochamus.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Entire Japan except Hokkaido and Aomori Pref.
Origin	Unknown.
Date	The first and second record was in 1905 at Nagasaki Pref. and in 1921 at Hyogo Pref., respectively. Spread throughout almost entire Japan by 1982.
Route	Accidental: with imported lumber.
Impact	Harmful to pine trees. It affects forestry. Native organism(s) affected: Pine trees
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	None.

Reference	Notes
Ecol Soc Jpn (ed) (2002) Handbook of Alien Species in Japan. Chijinshokan, Tokyo (in Jpn) Rutherford & Webster (1987) Distribution of pine wilt disease with respect to temperature in North America, Japan, and Europe. Can J For Res. 17, 1050-1059 Yamamoto et al. (2002) Local dynamics and global spread pine wilt disease. Jpn J Ecol. 50, 269-276 etc.	100 of the Japan’s Worst Invasive Alien Species