- Froese & Pauly (eds) (2009) FishBase (Accessed on 2010-12-08) http://www.fishbase.org/search.cfm
- Kawanabe et al. (eds) (2002) Freshwater Fishes of Japan, 3rd ed.. Yama-kei Publishers, Tokyo (in Jpn)
- Matsuzawa & Senou (2008) Alien fishes of Japan. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo (in Jpn)
- Watanabe et al. (2003) Genetic relationships and origin of two geographic groups of the freshwater threespine stickleback, ‘Hariyo’ Zool Sci. 20, 265-274.
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Although “Hariyo” have been identified as “G. microcephalus” (type locality: North America), some authors pointed out the taxonomic treatment is questionable.
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