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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons containing multiple-ring structures. They are mainly formed from the incomplete combustion of organic substances. Numerous members of this group have carcinogenic properties and the potential to interfere with hormonal systems and immune responses. (ref. ID; 6708)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are formed in processes such as combustion and production of gas and tar. (ref. ID; 7128)

[Acenaphthalene]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172)

[Acenaphthene] CAS[83-32-9]

= 1,2-Dihydroacenaphthylene

Chemical formula

C12H10

Chemical characteristics

Lipophilicity log P 4.33. (ref. ID; 6959)

Mode of toxic action

Narcotic. (ref. ID; 3327)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3327)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Acenaphthylene] CAS[208-96-8]

Chemical formula

C12H8

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)

[Anthracene] CAS[120-12-7]

Trade name

Anthracene: Carbofost-4, Carbolineum, Carbotex, Carbozyl

Chemical formula

C14H10

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 4.54. (ref. ID; 7027)

Purpose for use

Fungicide, herbicide.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Anthraquinone] CAS[84-65-1]

Chemical formula

C14H8O2

Mode of toxic action

Electron(nucleo)phile. (ref. ID; 3327)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3327)

[Benzo[a]anthracene] CAS[56-55-3]

= 1,2-Benzanthracene

Chemical formula

C8H12

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 5.91. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Benzo[a]pyrene] CAS[50-32-8]

= 3,4-Benzpyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene is released into the environment as a by-product of the combustion of fossil fuels and other materials (wood, oil). Primary anthropogenic sources of BaP include exhaust from motor vehicles and other gasoline and diesel engines; coal-, oil-, and wood burning stoves and furnaces; products from petroleum refineries; and cigarette and barbecue smoke. Benzo[a]pyrene is a hydrophobic compound with a moderately large octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow =6.04). On entering aquatic systems, BaP rapidly deposits into the sediment and physically adsorbs on the solid surface or partitions into the organic carbon fraction of the sediment. (ref. ID; 4569)

Chemical formula

C20H11

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.04. (ref. ID; 7027)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea longa (ref. ID; 6137)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 7012)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida andrei (ref. ID; 6908)
Oligochaeta: Ilyodrilus templetoni (ref. ID; 4569, 4990)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 1323, 2172, 2169, 4477)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Benzo[b]fluoranthene] CAS[205-99-2]

= 3,4-Benzofluoranthene

Chemical formula

C20H12

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 5.80. (ref. ID; 7027)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Benzo(b,k)fluoranthene]

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.20. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)

[Benzo[e]pyrene] CAS[192-97-2]

= 1,2-Benzpyrene, 4,5-Benzpyrene

Chemical formula

C20H11

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.44. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)

[Benzo[ghi]perylene] CAS[191-24-2]

Chemical formula

C22H12

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.50. (ref. ID; 7027)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Benzo[k]fluoranthene] CAS[207-08-9]

Chemical formula

C20H12

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.00. (ref. ID; 7027)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Chrysene] CAS[218-01-9]

= 1,2-Benzophenanthrene

Chemical formula

C18H12

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 5.86. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Dibenz[a,h]anthracene] CAS[53-70-3]

= 1,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene

Chemical formula

C22H14

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Dibenzo[a]anthracene]

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.75. (ref. ID; 7027)

[Dimethylbenzanthracene]

Toxicity

Carcinogens. (ref. ID; 868)

Test organisms

Nematoda: Panagrellus redivivus (ref. ID; 868)

[Fluoranthene] CAS[206-44-0]

= 1,2-Benzacenaphthylene, Benzo[jk]fluorene, Idryl

Chemical formula

C16H10

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 5.22. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Lipophilicity log P 5.33. (ref. ID; 6959)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 4446, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)

[2-Methylfluoranthene]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[Fluorene] CAS[86-73-7]

Chemical formula

C13H10

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 4.38. (ref. ID; 6937)
Lipophilicity log P 4.18. (ref. ID; 6959)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Allolobophora tuberculata (ref. ID; 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Eudrilus eugeniae (ref. ID; 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Perionyx excavatus (ref. ID; 7159, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)

[Indenopyrene]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)

[Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene] CAS[193-39-5]

Chemical formula

C22H12

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)

[Naphthalene] CAS[91-20-3]

Trade name

Naphthalene (J)

Chemical formula

C10H8

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 3.35. (ref. ID; 6937)
Lipophilicity log P 3.27. (ref. ID; 6959)

Purpose for use

Insecticide, organic solvent & repellent.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 2200 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 6959, 7163)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 3302, 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[1-Amino-4-nitronaphthalene] CAS[776-34-1] UN1294

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 1.77. (ref. ID; 449)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

[Diaminonaphthalene]

= Naphthalenediamine, Naphthylenediamine

Chemical formula

C10H10N2

1,5-Diaminonaphthalene

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 0.89. (ref. ID; 449)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

1,8-Diaminonaphthalene

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 1.78. (ref. ID; 449)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

2,3-Diaminonaphthalene

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 1.54. (ref. ID; 449)

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

[1-Cyanonaphthalene]

= Naphthonitrile CAS[86-53-3] UN3439

Chemical formula

C10H7CN

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 6709)

[Methylnaphthalene]

Chemical formula

C10H7CH3

1-Methylnaphthalene

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 3.87. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)

2-Methylnaphthalene

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 4.00. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)

[2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene] CAS[581-42-0]

Chemical formula

C10H6(CH3)2

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 4.31. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)

[1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalene]

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 4.70. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)

[Dinitronaphthalene]

Chemical formula

C10H6N2O4

1,3-Dinitronaphthalene

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

1,5-Dinitronaphthalene

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

1,8-Dinitronaphthalene

Test organisms

Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 449)

[Octachloronaphthalene]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 7082)

[Tetrachloronaphthalene]

Chemical formula

C10H4Cl4

1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene

Chemical characteristics

Log P 5.5. (ref. ID; 507)
Octanol-water partition coefficient log Kow 5.5. (ref. ID; 6961)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 507)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 507)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6961)

[Perylene] CAS[198-55-0]

= Peri-dinaphthalene, = Dibenzo[de, kl]anthracene

Chemical formula

C20H12

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 6.25. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)

[Phenanthrene] CAS[85-01-8]

Chemical formula

C14H10

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 4.57. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Phenanthrene is a three-ring aromatic compound, and has a low vapor pressure, low solubility in water (1.29 mg/L, and a high log Kow (4.46). (ref. ID; 7135)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 6928)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 7135)
Oligochaeta: Ilyodrilus templetoni (ref. ID; 4473, 4990)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 2174)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2172, 6937)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (ref. ID; 6874)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms) (ref. ID; 6704)

[1-Methylphenanthrene]

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 5.14. (ref. ID; 6937)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 6937)

[Pyrene] CAS[129-00-0]

= Benzo[def]phenanthrene

Chemical formula

C16H10

Chemical characteristics

Log Kow 5.18. (ref. ID; 6937, 7027)
Pyrene is a four-ringed PAH. (ref. ID; 7138)

Toxicity

Non-carcinogenic PAH. (ref. ID; 6708)

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Dendrobaena octaedra (ref. ID; 6928)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 4954, 7137)
Oligochaeta: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (ref. ID; 2174)
Oligochaeta: Lumbriculus variegatus (ref. ID; 2166, 2172, 6829, 6937, 6962, 7138)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 6708, 7027)
Oligochaeta: Community (tubificid worms). (ref. ID; 6704)

[Floodplain PAH Pollution]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 7027)

[Soil PAH Pollution]

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6906)