Main Content

The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Organophosphorus insecticides

[Acephate] CAS[30560-19-1]

= O,S-dimethyl N-acetylphosphoramidothioate

Trade name

Acephate (J (Date registered 10/30/1973), I, A, B): Orthene, Ortran, Tornado

Chemical formula

C4H10NO3PS

Purpose for use

Organophosphorus insecticide.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6904)

[Azinphos-ethyl] CAS[2642-71-9]

= S-(3,4-Dihydro-4-oxobenzo[d]-1,2,3-tri-azixin-3-ylmethyl) O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate

Trade name

Azinphos-ethyl (I, B): Cotonion-ethyl, Ethyl Guthion, Gusathion A, Triazotion

Chemical formula

C12H16N3O3PS2

Purpose for use

Insecticide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (male) 17.5 mg/kg, (female) 12.5 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)

[Azinphos-methyl] CAS[86-50-0] UN2783

= S-(3,4-Dihydro-4-oxobenzo[d]-1,2,3-tri-azixin-3-ylmethyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate

Trade name

Azinphos-methyl (I, B): Cotonion-methyl, Gusathion-M, Guthion

Chemical formula

C10H12N3O3PS2

Purpose for use

Insecticide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (female) 16.4 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 6072)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6074, 7012)

[Chlorpyrifos] CAS[2921-88-2] UN2783

= O,O-Diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate, = O-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate

Trade name

Chlorpyrifos (J (Date registered 5/4/1971), I, A, B): Dursban, Lorsban

Chemical formula

C9H11Cl3NO3PS

Purpose for use

Organophosphate insecticide.

Mode of action

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. (ref. ID; 6758)

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (male) 163 mg/kg, (female) 135 mg/kg, mouse 70 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 121, 127, 128, 2168)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 128)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 505)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea longa (ref. ID; 505)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6873)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 505) or Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia veneta (ref. ID; 505)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus rubellus (ref. ID; 505)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 505)
Oligochaeta: Perionyx excavatus (ref. ID; 7085)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 6758)
Aquatic microcosm (ref. ID; 6828, 7139)
Sediment microcosm (ref. ID; 4448)

[Chlorpyrifos-methyl]

= O-3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate CAS[5598-13-0]

Trade name

Chlorpyrifos-methyl (J (Date registered 10/17/1974), I, A, B): Dowreldan, Reldan

Chemical formula

C7H7Cl3NO3PS

Purpose for use

Organophosphate insecticide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (male) 2472 mg/kg, (female) 1828 mg/kg.
LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 2254 mg/kg, (female) 2032 mg/kg.

[Chlorpyrifos-methyl Oxon] CAS[5598-52-7]

Chemical formula

C7H7Cl3NO4P

[Chlorpyrifos-oxon] CAS[5598-15-2] UN2588

Trade name

Chlorpyrifos-oxon

Chemical formula

C9H11Cl3NO4P

Purpose for use

Organophosphate pesticide.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6753)

[Diazinon] CAS[333-41-5] UN3018

= O,O-Diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothionate, = O,O-Diethyl-2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinnyl phosphorothionate, = O,O-Diethyl-O-2-isopropyl-4-(methyl)-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothioate

Trade name

Diazinon (J (Date registered 4/22/1955), I, B): Basudin, Kayazinon, Neocidol, Nucidol

Chemical formula

C12H21N2O3PS

Purpose for use

Organophosphate insecticide.
Diazinon is used for lawn and turf care. It is used on turf for the control of insect pests such as the black fairway beetle (Ataenius spretulus), hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus), sod webworm (Parapediasia sp. and Pediasia sp.), ants and white grups (Phyllophaga sp.) It is also used to control insect pests in fruit, vegetable and field crops, grasslands and ornamentals. (ref. ID; 6905)

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 150-600 mg/kg, mouse 80-135 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6096)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 111, 121, 192)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6899, 6900, 6904, 6905)

[Diazinon Oxon] CAS[962-58-3]

Trade name

Diazinon Oxon

Chemical formula

C12H21N2O4P

Purpose for use

Organophosphate insecticide.

[Dichlorvos] CAS[62-73-7] UN3018

= 2-2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate

Trade name

Dichlorvos (J, I, B): DDVP (J Date registered 4/24/1957), Des, Dedevap, Nogos, Phosvit, Nuvan, Vapona

Chemical formula

C4H7Cl2O4P

Purpose for use

Organophosphorus insecticide.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lampito mauritii (ref. ID; 6870)

[Dicrotophos] CAS[141-66-2] UN2783

= (E, Z)2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-1-methylvinyldimethyl phosphate

Trade name

Dicrotophos (I, A): Bidrin, Carbicron, Ektafos

Chemical formula

C8H16NO5P

Purpose for use

Organophosphorus insecticide.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 7012)

[Dimethoate] CAS[60-51-5] UN2783

= O,O-Dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate, = O,O-Dimethyl-S-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate (ref. ID; 6096)

Trade name

Dimethoate (J, I, A, B): Cygon, Rogor, Perfekthiom

Chemical formula

C5H12NO3PS2

Purpose for use

Organophosphorus insecticides.

Mode of action

It is a cholinesterase inhibitor after metabolism, and it acts at the cholinergic synapses. (ref. ID; 6754)

Test organisms

Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6096)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 6097)
Oligochaeta: Allolobophra chlorotica (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea rosea (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6891)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 6754)

[Fenitrothion] CAS[122-14-5] UN3018

= O,O-Dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl-phosphorothioate, = O,O-Dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothionate

Trade name

Fenitrothion (J, I, B): Accothion, Folithion, MEP (J Date registered 12/26/1961), Sumithion

Chemical formula

C9H12NO5PS

Purpose for use

Organophosphorus insecticide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 250-500 mg/kg, mouse 870 mg/kg.
LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 1336 mg/kg **

Test organisms

;
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6096)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 127, 128)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 128)
Microcosm (ref. ID; 7170)

[Fenthion]

CAS[55-38-9]
=,O,O-Dimethyl-O-(3 methyl-4 methyl thiophenyl) phosphrothionate
= O,O-Dimethyl O-4-methylthio-m-tolyl phosphrothioate

Trade name

; fenthion (J, I, B): Baycid, Baytex, Lebaycid, MPP (J Date registered 11/12/1960), Queletix, Tiguvon

Chemical formula

; C10H15O3PS2

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide.

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat (male) 190-315 mg/kg, (female) 245-615 mg/kg mouse 92 mg/kg

Test organisms

;
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 4709)

[Fonophos]

CAS[944-22-9] UN3018
= O-Ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate

Trade name

; Fonophos (I, B): Dyfonate

Chemical formula

; C10H15OPS2

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide.

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat (male) 7.94-17.5 mg/kg.

Test organisms

;
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)

[Malathion]

CAS[121-75-5] UN3018
= S-1,2-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate
= O,O-Dimethyl-1-s-1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethylphosphorodithioate) (ref. ID; 6087)
= O,O-Dimethyl-S-1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl phosphorodithioate (ref. ID; 6096)

Trade name

; Malathion (J Date registered 2/7/1953, I, A, B): Cythion, Malataf-50E, Malathon, Malixol, Mercaptothion

Chemical formula

; C10H19O6PS2

Chemical characteristics

; log Koc = 3.2 (Zambonin st al., 2002). (ref. ID; 6699)

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide, acaricide.
Inhibiting the acetylcholinestrease (AChE) activity in the nervous system. (ref. ID; 7152)

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat 2800 mg/kg.

Test organisms

;
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6096)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Protozoa; Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 7152)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3554)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 111)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 718)
Rotifera: Brachionus rubens (ref. ID; 820)
Oligochaeta: Drawida willsi (ref. ID; 6068)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6699, 6904)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 6087)

[Malataf-50E: active ingredient Malathion 50 percent]

Test organisms

;
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 107)

[Monocrotophos]

CAS[6923-22-4] UN2783
= Dimethyl phosphate of 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-cro = tonamide (ref. ID; 6870)
= Dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methylcarbamoyl)-vinyl phosphate

Trade name

; monocrotophos (J Date registered 10/12/1979, I, B): Azodrin, Nuvacron

Chemical formula

; C7H14NO5P

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide.

Test organisms

;
Oligochaeta: Lampito mauritii (ref. ID; 6870)
Oligochaeta: Perionyx excavatus (ref. ID; 7085)

[Paraoxon]

CAS[311-45-5]
= Diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate
= Diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate

Trade name

; Paraoxon: E-600, Mintacol, Phosphacol

Chemical formula

; C10H14NO6P

Purpose for use

; Organophosphate insecticide.

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat 3.5 mg/kg

Test organisms

;
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 1321)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6076)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6076)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia veneta (ref. ID; 6076)

[Parathion]

CAS[56-38-2] UN3018
= O,O-Diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate
= O,O-Diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate (ref. ID; 4709)

Trade name

; Parathion (J Date registered 1/24/1952, Date registration annulled 2/25/1971, Date marketing stopped 6/1/1971, I, B): Bladan, ethyl parathion, Folidol, Niran, Thiolphos

Chemical formula

; C10H14NO5PS

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat (male) 13 mg/kg, (female) 3.6 mg/kg mouse 6 mg/kg

Test organisms

;
Protozoa: Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg (ref. ID; 4185)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 979, 4709)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)
Oligochaeta: Enchytraeus albidus (ref. ID; 5909)

Trade name

; E 605 forte

Test organisms

;
Oligochaeta: Allolobophora chlorotica (ref. ID; 6066)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea caliginosa (ref. ID; 6066)
Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea longa (ref. ID; 6066, 6902)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6066, 6902)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6902)

[Parathion-ethyl]
= Ethylparathion (ref. ID; 6784)

Test organisms

;
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3554)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia andrei (ref. ID; 6831)

[Parathion-methyl] CAS[298-00-0] UN2783
= O,O-Dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate
= O,O-Dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate (ref. ID; 4709)

Trade name

; Parathion-methyl (J Date registered 1/27/1952, Date registration annulled 11/9/1971, Date marketing stopped 6/1/1971, I, B): Folidol-M, methyl-Bladan, Mefos, Metacide, metaphos, methyl parathion, Metron

Chemical formula

; C8H10NO5PS

Purpose for use

; A non-systemic phenyl organothiophosphate insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. (ref. ID; 6701)

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat (male) 14 mg/kg, rat (female) 24 mg/kg, mouse 21 mg/kg

Test organisms

;
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardi (ref. ID; 1319)
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Protozoa: Spirostomum teres (ref. ID; 6838)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 1319, 3554, 4709)
Rotifera: Asplanchna sieboldi (ref. ID; 1973)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 111, 1667, 1973)
Rotifera: Brachionus patulus (ref. ID; 3314)
Oligochaeta: Soil-dwelling community (ref. ID; 6071, 6896)
Aquatic microcosm (ref. ID; 6701)

[Phenthoate]


= O,O-Dimethyl-S-alpha-carbethoxy-benzyl phosphorodithioate
= S-alpha-Ethoxycarbonylbenzyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate

Trade name

; Phenthoate (J, I, B): PAP (J Date registered 2/26/1963), Elsan

Chemical formula

; C12H17O4PS2

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide.

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): mouse 350-400 mg, rat 300-400 mg.

Test organisms

;
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6096)

[Quinalphos]

CAS[13593-03-8] UN2783
= O,O-Diethyl O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate
= O,O-Diethyl-O-2-quinoxalinyl phosphorothioate

Trade name

; quinalphos (I, B): Bayrusil, Chinalphos, Diethquinalphione, Ekalux

Chemical formula

; C12H15N2O3PS

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorus insecticide.

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat 62-137 mg

Test organisms

;
Green algae (formerly including protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (ref. ID; 6096)

[Trichlorfon]

CAS[52-68-6]
= 2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid dimethyl ester
= Dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate
= O,O-Dimethyl-1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethylphosphonate (ref. ID; 6087)

Trade name

; Trichlorfon (J, I, B): Chlorofos, DEP (J Date registered 5/29/1957), Dipterex, Dylox, Marifonate, Metrifornate, Nuguvon, Nevugon, Trichlorphon, Tugon

Chemical formula

; C4H8Cl3O4P

Purpose for use

; Organophosphorous insecticide.

Toxicity

; LD50 (oral): rat (male) 630 mg/kg, (female) 560 mg/kg. mouse 950 mg/kg

Test organisms

;
Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)
Rotifera: Brachionus calyciflorus (ref. ID; 127, 128)
Rotifera: Brachionus plicatilis (ref. ID; 128)
Oligochaeta: Tubifex tubifex (ref. ID; 6087)