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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Phenylurea herbicides

[Diuron]

= 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea CAS[330-54-1], = 3-(3',4'-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (ref. ID; 4554)

Trade name

Diuron (J, I, A, B): Dailon, DCMU, DMU, Karmex

Chemical formula

C9H10Cl2N2O

Purpose for use

Phenylurea herbicide.

Mode of action

DCMU inhibits photosynthesis at the PSII level by blocking electron transfer between the primary electron acceptor Q(A) and the secondary acceptor Q(B). (ref. ID; 4562)
A photosystem II inhibitor that has the potential to inhibit the electron transport chain; interactions with arylhydrocarbon receptor. (ref. ID; 6758)

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 3400 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Green algae (formerly included protozoa): Chlamydomonas reinharditii (ref. ID; 4553, 4565)
Protozoa: Euglena gracilis (ref. ID; 4554, 4560, 4562)
Protozoa: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ref. ID; 3554)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia foetida (ref. ID; 7012)
Nematoda: Caenorhabditis elegans (ref. ID; 6758)
Microcosm (ref. ID; 7170)

[Ustinex]

Trade name

Ustinex (Amitrole 30% and Diuron 56%)

Purpose for use

Phenylurea herbicide.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Aporrectodea longa (ref. ID; 6902)
Oligochaeta: Eisenia fetida (ref. ID; 6902)
Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 6902)

[Fenuron] CAS[101-42-8] UN2588

= 1,1-Dimethyl-3-phenylurea

Trade name

Fenuron (I, A, B): Dybar, Fenidin, Fenulon, Karmex-EP, PDU

Chemical formula

C9H10N2O

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

Test organisms

Protozoa: Colpidium campylum (ref. ID; 6784)

[Fenuron-TCA]

= 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenyluronium trichloroacetate

Chemical formula

C11H13Cl3N2O3

[Isoproturon] CAS[34123-59-6] UN2588

= 3-p-Cumenyl-1,1-dimethylurea, = 3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, = N-(4-Isopropylphenyl)N',N'-dimethyl-urea

Trade name

Isoproturon (I, B): Arelon, Graminon, Hytane, Tolkan

Chemical formula

C12H18N2O

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat >4640 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Oligochaeta: Lumbricus terrestris (ref. ID; 4496)

[Linuron]

= 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea CAS[330-55-2], = N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea

Trade name

Linuron (J, I, A, B): Afalon, Lorox

Chemical formula

C9H10Cl2N2O2

Purpose for use

Phenylurea herbicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat 4000 mg/kg, mouse 1500 mg/kg.

Test organisms

Protozoa: Acanthamoeba castellanii (ref. ID; 946)

Linuron metabolites


Another urea herbicide

[Amitrole]

= 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole

Trade name

Amitrole (J, I, A, B): Aminotriazole, ATA, Cytrol, Weedazole

Chemical formula

C2H4N4

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

[Dymron]

= 1-(alpha, alpha-Dimethylbenzyl)-3-(p-tolyl)urea] CAS[42609-52-9]

Trade name

Dymron (J): Dimuron, Shouron, Showron, Tolrone

Chemical formula

C17H20N2O

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (male) 4000 mg/kg, mouse (male) 6500 mg/kg.

[Methyl dymron]

= 1-(alpha, alpha-Dimethylbenzyl)-3-methyl-3-phenylurea

Trade name

Methyl dymron (J)

Chemical formula

C17H20N2O

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (male) 5852 mg/kg, (female) 3948 mg/kg.
LD50 (oral): mouse (male) 5000 mg/kg, (female) 5269 mg/kg.

[Siduron]

= 1-(2-Methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea CAS[1982-49-6]

Trade name

Siduron (J, I, A, B): Tupersan

Chemical formula

C14H20N2O

Purpose for use

Herbicide.

Toxicity

LD50 (oral): rat (male and female) >7500 mg/kg.