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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Brevitobrilus

Brevitobrilus Tsalolikhin, 1981 (ref. ID; 1899)

ref. ID; 1899

Tsalolikhin (1992) subdivided the genus Brevitobrilus into two groups: the first group includes those species whose last supplements (supplement closest to cloacal opening) is situated equal or more than one spicule length from the cloacal opening, while the second includes the ones that have their last supplement situated less than one spicule length from the cloacal opening. Since this distance can easily be affected by the extent of coiling, it is advisable to consider specimens with straight posterior body. (ref. ID; 1899)
  1. Brevitobrilus fesehai Abebe & Coomans, 1997 (ref. ID; 1899 original paper)
  2. Brevitobrilus findeneggi (Schiemer, 1971) Tsalolikhin, 1983 (ref. ID; 1899)
  3. Brevitobrilus graciloides (von Daday, 1908) Tsalolikhin, 1981 (ref. ID; 1899)
    Syn; Trilobus graciloides Filipjev (1931) (ref. ID; 1899)
  4. Brevitobrilus granatensis (Ocana & Zullini, 1988) Tsalolikhin, 1992 (ref. ID; 1899)
  5. Brevitobrilus kenyensis Tsalolikhin, 1992 (ref. ID; 1899)
  6. Brevitobrilus malayanus (Schneider, 1937) Tsalolikhin, 1983 (ref. ID; 1899)
  7. Brevitobrilus siculus (Vinciguerra & Zullini, 1991) Ocana, Hernandez & Martin, 1996 (ref. ID; 1899)
  8. Brevitobrilus stefanskii (Micoletzky, 1925) Tsalolikhin, 1981 (ref. ID; 1899)
  9. Brevitobrilus tsalolikhini Abebe & Coomans, 1997 (ref. ID; 1899 original paper)

Brevitobrilus fesehai Abebe & Coomans, 1997 (ref. ID; 1899 original paper)

Diagnosis

B. fesehai n. sp. can be recognized by a combination of characteristics i.e. in having a narrow anterior end, short cephalic and outer labial setae, long and bow-shaped spicules, the sixth supplement at a distance of less than a spicule length from cloacal opening, numerous micropapillae, and terminal and subterminals setae. Moreover, amphid size showed sexual dimorphism, being larger in males. (ref. ID; 1899)

Descriptions

  • Female: Body after fixation straight or undulated, tapering towards both ends; maximum body width anterior, at or slightly posterior to vulva. Cuticule 2.0-3.0 µm thick, its layers conspicuous, a thinner, lighter outer and slightly thicker and darker inner layers; smooth inner light microscopy. Somatic setae few. Below the cuticle is found a thin layer of fine, dark-brown refractive particles. Six to nine dorsolateral, type-II loxometanemes on each side of the body; the first situated close to the level of the nerve ring and the last in the tail; length of frontal and caudal filament about 45 and 60 µm, respectively. Metanemes overlapping in most part of the body, overlap involving only two consecutive metanemes, the caudal filaments of the anterior metaneme and the frontal filament of following metaneme. Crystalloid bodies all over the body, situated most probably in the pseudocoelom. Lip region narrow, bluntly rounded, continuous with the rest of the body. Sensilla in two circles: an inner ring of six labial papillae and an outer ring of four short (2.5-3.0 µm) cephalic and six slightly longer (3.0-4.0 µm) labial setae. Amphids stirrup-shaped with transverse oval aperture, 19.6-25.0% corresponding body width; situated 0.8-1.0 lip region width from anterior body end; fusus amphidialis just behind fovea, as long as or slightly longer than fovea. Cheilostome distinct, with weakly sclerotized lining. Rest of stoma consisting of three parts, an anterior and larger cup-shaped part followed by two smaller ventrosublateral pouches of which the first is situated on the right and the second on the left side. Pouch wall well sclerotized; each pouch is supplied with a well sclerotized tooth. Cup-shaped part 1.4-1.7 times longer than wide. First tooth situated 12.5-16.0 µm from anterior body end, the second tooth situated 8.0 µm from the first. Pharynx cylindrical and muscular. Nerve ring prominent, at about one-third to two-fifths of pharyngeal length. Cardia 13-15x16-18 µm. Three prominent (13-15x19-22 µm) cells situated on the junction of the cardia with the pharynx base. On the dorsal side, posterior to these cells is situated one highly granular coelomocyte; it is longer than wide. Excretory pore situated about 85.0 µm from the anterior body end. Ventral gland cells not observed. Cells of intestinal wall filled with brown granules. Intestine leading to 28.0-35.0 µm long rectum. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Gonoducts situated ventral to the intestine; direction of flexure variable. Spermatheca indistinct. Uterus supplied with well developed, externally transversely striated muscular wall. Ovejector with wide lumen; its wall internally lined by highly plicate layer. Vagina about 10.0% corresponding body width; with inconspicuous sphincter muscle. Vaginal wall without plication. Vulva anterior to or at mid-body. Up to 4 eggs in the uterus. Tail elongate-conoid, about 5.0 rectal lengths long, almost always straight, gradually narrowing for most part with the last about 15 µm long posterior end being slightly swollen and club-shaped. Four to seven setae on tail; terminal setae absent. Caudal glands three, prominent; terminating in a short, tubular spinneret outlet that opens perfectly terminal on the blunt tail end. (ref. ID; 1899)
  • Male: Resembling female in many respects except the following. Body after fixation more undulated and coiled than in female, posterior part strongly curved either ventrad or dorsad; maximum body width often at the level of the testis. Amphids wider than in females, 27.3-31.8% corresponding body width, fusus amphidialis shorter than fovea. Excretory pore situated at about 90 µm from anterior body end. Reproductive system diorchic with the posterior testis reflexed posteriad; situated ventral to the intestine. Spicules strongly curved and bow-shaped, without medium stiffening piece. Gubernaculum slightly curved closer to the dorsal side of the body. Four ejaculatory glands present on each side; their ducts clear until they reach the level of the anterior end of the spicules, their common duct inconspicuous. Vas deferens long, extending anterior to mid-body; component cells variable in appearance from one part to the other: more granular closer to the cloaca, cells are bigger and hyaline just posterior to the sphincter, and are filled with finer granules anterior to the sphincter. The sphincter is short and faintly demarcated, situated far anterior to the level of the first supplement. Sprematozoa more or less globular each with a dark, usually centrally positioned spot. Ventral supplements of two types: six prominent, bulb-shaped, longer than wide (9.0-10.0 µm long and 6.0-8.0 µm wide) supplements and up to about 140 micropapillae situated between the bulb-shaped supplement and anterior to the first and posterior to the last supplement. Each bulb-shaped supplement has 2-3 internal canals that form a common duct leading to the anterior wall of the ampulla. Distance between bulb-shaped supplements variable, the shortest distance in most specimens (23.0-31.0 µm) between the fourth and fifth supplements while the longest distance in most specimens (27.0-53.0 µm) was between the fifth and sixth supplements. Some micropapillae two-humped. Number of micropapillae variable: 52-67 anterior to the first supplement, 10-15 between the first and second supplement, 10-13 between the second and third supplement, 11-13 between the third and fourth supplement, 11-16 between the fourth and fifth supplement, 19-31 between the fifth and sixth supplement, and 10-14 between the sixth supplement and the cloacal opening. Tail conoid in it anterior half; drastically narrowing at about half its length; narrow, cylindrical in it posterior half; narrow part about 18.0% of cloacal body width. Six to 8 setae on each side of tail, one terminal and one sub-terminal seta present. (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. granatensis

    Female of B. fesehai n. sp. differ from B. granatensis in having amphids situated less anteriorly and shorter tail (Amphids-anterior body end 8-13 µm, tail length 210-280 µm in B. granatensis). Males of B. fesehai n. sp. differ from B. granatensis in having bow-shaped and thicker spicules (>/_6.0 at thickest point), supplements of uniform size and closely spaced, numerous micropapillae, the fourth and fifth supplements widely spaced, the last supplement far from, cloacal opening, terminal and subterminal setae (spicules only slightly curved, spicule width as measured from two paratype males < /_4.0 µm at thickest point, the fifth and sixth supplements smaller than rest, minimum mean distance between supplements 35 µm, last supplement situated 13-21 µm from cloacal opening, terminal seta absent in B. granatensis) (Ocana & Zullini, 1988). These differences were confirmed by observing paratypes on slide N836 (collection of the University of Ghent). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. keneyensis

    Both sexes of B. fesehai n. sp. differ from B. kenyensis in having longer tail. Moreover males differ in being thicker and in having a narrower anterior end, lower value for ratio 'c', numerous micropapillae, terminal and subterminal setae (tail length 201 for male, 240-280 for female; a=51.4, c=6.0, lip region width 21.0 µm, lack subterminal and terminal setae, number of micropapillae 43 and only six micropapillae anterior to the first supplement in males of B. kenyensis (Tsalolikhin, 1992) (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. malayanus and B. findeneggi

    B. fesehai n. sp. differs from B. malayanus in having narrower anterior end and less anteriorly situated amphids (lip region width 21-26 µm and amphids are situated at the level of the base of the cup-shaped stoma, anterior to the first pouch in B. malayanus) (Schneider, 1937). B. fesehai n. sp. differs from B. findeneggi in having a higher value for the ratio 'c', bow-shaped spicules, higher number of micropapillae between the sixth supplement and cloacal opening, relatively far more anteriorly situated sixth supplement and supplements whose duct is directed anteriad (c=2.6-3.0, spicules more or less straight, a single micropapillae between sixth supplement and cloacal opening, distance between the sixth supplement and cloacal opening=13-15 µm, duct of each supplement straight merging with the dorsal side of the supplement in B. findeneggi (Schiemer, 1971). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. siculus

    B. fesehai n. sp. differs from B. siculus in having narrower anterior end, shorter outer labial and cephalic setae, shorter distance between the two teeth, shorter distance between the first and second supplement and third and fourth supplement, and longer distance between the sixth supplement and cloacal opening, and more numerous micropapillae posterior to the fourth bulb-shaped supplement especially between the last supplement and the cloacal opening (lip region width 26-30 µm, Outer labial setae length 6-7 µm, cephalic setae length 4-5 µm, distance between supplements second-third 33-51 µm, third-fourth 59-81 µm, sixth-cloacal opening 15-20 µm, micropapillae between fourth-fifth supplement 9-10, fifth-sixth 10-12 and sixth-cloacal opening 2 in B. siculus). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Etymology

    The species is named after Mr. Feseha Abebe whose help during sample collection was immense. (ref. ID; 1899)

    Brevitobrilus graciloides (von Daday, 1908) Tsalolikhin, 1981 (ref. ID; 1899)

    Synonym

    Trilobus graciloides Filipjev (1931) (ref. ID; 1899)

    Descriptions

  • Female: Body after fixation usually either curved ventrad or undulated, sometimes straight or curved dorsad, tapering towards the posterior end; maximum body width anterior, at or slightly posterior to vulva. Cuticle 1.5-2.0 µm thick, smooth under light microscopy, finely striated under SEM. Somatic setae numerous; distributed all over the body. Below the cuticle is found a thin layer of fine, dark-brown refractive particles. Their distribution uneven, with their highest concentration on the ventral side, 25.0-40.0 µm anterior and posterior to vulva. Nine to 13 dorsolateral, type-II loxometanemes on each side of the body; the first situated close to the level of the nerve ring and the last in the tail; length of frontal and caudal filament about 60 and 50 µm respectively. Metanemes overlapping in most part of the body, overlap involving only two consecutive metanemes, the caudal filament of the anterior metaneme and the frontal filament following metaneme. Crystalloid bodies all over the body, situated most probably in the pseudocoelom. Lip region bluntly rounded, continuos with the rest of the body. Sensilla prominent, in two circles: an inner ring of six labial papillae and an outer ring of four shorter (4.0-5.5 µm) cephalic and six longer (7.0-12.0 µm) labial setae. Amphids stirrup-shaped, 14.1-20.0% corresponding body width; situated 0.5-0.7 lip region width from anterior body end; susus amphidialis just behind fovea, as long as or slightly longer than fovea width. Cheilostome distinct, with sclerotized lining. Rest of stoma consisting of three parts, and anterior and larger cup-shaped part followed by two smaller ventrosublateral pouches, the first of the latter on the right the second on the left side. Pouch wall well sclerotized; each pouch is supplied with a well sclerotized tooth. Cup-shaped part 1.0-1.5 times longer than wide. First tooth situated 17.0-22.0 µm from anterior body end, the second tooth situated 8.5-11.5 µm from the first. Pharynx cylindrical and muscular. Dorsal gland opening at the level posterior to the first ventrosublateral pouch. Nerve ring prominent, at about one-third to two-fifths of pharyngeal length. Cardia 18-20x20-25 µm. Three prominent (16-20x25-28 µm) cells are situated at the junction of the cardia with the pharynx base. On each side of the body, close to the base of the pharynx are situated two highly granular coelomocytes. One coelomocyte is situated anterior to the level of the base of pharynx; they are longer than wide. Two to three relatively smaller coelomocytes are situated dorsal to the rectum. Excretory pore faintly detectable, situated 100.0-115.0 µm from the anterior body end. Ventral gland cells not observed. Intestinal wall cells filled with brown granules; with a distinct brush-border; posteriorly leading to 35.0-45.0 µm long rectum. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Gonoducts situated ventral to the intestine; direction of flexure variable. Spermatheca distinct. Uterus supplied with well developed, externally transversely striated muscular wall. Ovejector with wide lumen; its wall internally lined by highly plicate layer. Vagina 15.0-20.0% corresponding body width; with inconspicuous sphincter muscle. Vaginal wall without plication. Vulva anterior to middle. Eggs longer than wide. Tail elongate-conoid, about 6.0 rectal lengths long, almost always straight, gradually narrowing for most part with the last about 15 µm long posterior end being slightly swollen and club-shaped. Two to nine setae on tail; terminal setae present in about 80% of the specimens. Caudal glands three, prominent arranged more or less in tandem; terminating in a short, tubular spinneret outlet that protrudes out of the otherwise blunt tail end. Spinneret outlet directed towards the ventral side of the tail terminus, never exactly terminally directed. (ref. ID; 1899)
  • Male: Resembling female in many respects except the following. Body after fixation more undulated and coiled than in female, posterior part strongly curved either ventrad or dorsad; slimmer than female, maximum body width often at the level where the two testis join the gonoduct. Seven to 10 metanemes on each side of the body. Only a single coelomocyte is present posterior to the level of the cardia. Reproductive system diorchic with the posterior testis reflexed posteriad; situated ventral to the intestine. Spicules slightly curved, each with a well sclerotized median stiffening piece. Part of gubernaculum (corpus) enclosing dorsal side of both spicules, and its curved cuneus passing in between the spicules; corpus more or less straight. Six ejaculatory glands present on each side; their dicuts join to form a common duct one on each side ventral to the anterior end of each spicule; exact position where common duct opening is situated is inconspicuous. Vas deferens long, extending anterior to mid-body; component cells variable in appearance from one part to the other: cells are bigger and hyaline closer to cloaca, are partly filled with fine granules slightly anterior to the level of the fourth supplement till the level of the third supplement, are filled with larger granules between the level of the second and first supplement (= anterior most supplement), and are more hyaline ventrally but filled with fine granules dorsally anterior to the level of the first supplement until the well developed sphincter. The latter well demarcated, about 80 µm long. The granules are fine in cells situated in a region 150-170 µm long, in front of the sphincter but become extremely fine more anteriorly. Spermatozoa more or less globular each with a dark, usually centrally positioned spot. Ventral supplements of two types: six prominent, laterally bulb-shaped, 9.0-12.0 µm long and 10.0-14.0 µm wide supplements and up to a about 80 inconspicuous, laterally papilloid supplements situated in between the bulb-shaped supplements and anterior to the first and posterior to the last supplement. Each bulb-shaped supplement has 2-3 internal tubular structures (ducts) that are curved anteriad to fuse with the anterior wall of the ampulla. Under SEM these supplements appear to be composed of two concentric rings with a plug-like structure in the centre. The plug-like structure may be protrusible, for Abebe (1997) have observed it to be of varying length in different supplements. Distance between bulb-shaped supplement variable, the shortest distance in most specimens (22.0-27.0 µm) was between the second and third supplement while the longest distance (33.0-60.0 µm) in most specimens was between the fifth and sixth supplement. Micropapillae in some specimens whose posterior part curved ventrad were two-humped, this appearance however was not observed or was curved dorsad. Under SEM these micropapillae appear to be ventral bands, about 12-15 µm wide and 1-2 µm long, separated from each other by a line. Number of micropapillae variable: 27-38 anterior to the first supplement, 6-10 between the first and second supplement, 5-12 between the second and third supplement, 7-10 between the third and fourth supplement, 6-10 between the fourth and fifth supplement, 8-16 between the fifth and sixth supplement, and 2-11 between the sixth supplement and cloacal opening. Tail conoid and continuously narrowing till about half of its length, more or less cylindrical in its posterior half. Six to 8 setae on each side of tail, terminal seta observed in about 90% of the specimens. (ref. ID; 1899)

    Brevitobrilus tsalolikhini Abebe & Coomans, 1997 (ref. ID; 1899 original paper)

    Diagnosis

    The sixth supplement in B. tsalolikhini n. sp. is situated very close to the cloacal opening. Compared with those species that have their sixth supplement at a distance less than a spicule length from the cloacal opening, this species comes close to B. findenegii, B. granatensis, B. kenyensis and B. malayanus. However, B. tsalolikhini n. sp. differs from all four species in its longer cephalic and outer labial setae (cephalic setae length 2.6 µm for male, 2.9 µm for female; outer labial setae length 2.9 µm for male, 3.2 µm for female in B. findeneggi; longer cephalic setae=6-7 µm in B. granatensis; 6.0 µm in B. kenyensis; and 4.0 µm in B. malayanus). B. tsalolikhini n. sp. differs from the last three species also in having supplements whose straight duct merges with the dorsal wall of the ampulla (duct of supplements directed anteriad and merging with anterior wall in B. granatensis, in B. kenyensis and in B. malayanus). B. tsalolikhini n. sp. can easily be differentiated from all known species in the genus in having a combination of characteristics: long cephalic and outer labial setae, short spicules without median stiffening piece, the sixth supplement situated very close to the cloacal opening, supplements with straight duct that merges with the dorsal wall of the ampulla, and elongated spermatozoa. (ref. ID; 1899)

    Descriptions

  • Female: Body after fixation undulated, tapering towards the posterior end; maximum body width anterior, at or slightly posterior to vulva. Cuticle 2.0-3.0 µm thick, smooth under light microscopy; its layers conspicuous, a thinner, lighter outer and slightly thicker and darker inner layer. Somatic setae few. Below the cuticle is found a thin layer of fine, dark-brown refractive particles. Eight to nine dorsolateral, type-II loxometanemes on each side of the body; the first situated close to the level of the nerve ring and the last in the tail; length of frontal and caudal filament about 60 and 65 µm, respectively. Metanemes overlapping in most part of the body, overlap involving only two consecutive metanemes, the caudal filament of the anterior metaneme and the frontal filament of the anterior metaneme and the frontal filament of following metaneme. Crystalloid bodies all over the body, situated most probably in the pseudoceolom. Lip bluntly truncate, continuous with the rest of the body. Sensilla in two circles: and inner ring of six labial papillae and an outer ring of four shorter (5.0 & 7.0 µm) cephalic and six distinctly longer (10.0 & 11.0 µm) labial setae. Amphids stirrup-shaped with transverse oval aperture, 16.7 & 18.5% corresponding body width; situated 0.6 & 0.7 lip region width from anterior body end; fusus amphidialis just behind fovea, as long as fovea. Cheilosotome distinct, with weakly sclerotized lining. Rest of stoma consisting of three parts, an anterior, cup-shaped part followed by two smaller ventrosublateral pouches of which the anterior one is situated on the right and the posterior one on the left side. Pouch wall well sclerotized; each pouch is supplied with a well sclerotized tooth. Cup-shaped part 1.3 & 1.5 times longer than wide. First tooth situated 22.0 & 23.0 µm from anterior body end, the second tooth situated 10.0 µm from the first. Pharynx cylindrical and muscular. Nerve ring prominent, at 35.9 & 45.5% pharyngeal length. Cardia 17-18x8-19 µm. Three prominent (11-15x16-20 µm) cells situated on the junction of the cardia with the pharynx base. Two highly granular coelomocytes present at the level of these cells or slightly anterior; coelomocytes longer than wide. Excretory pore situated about 95.0 µm from the anterior body end, almost at the level of the nerve ring. Ventral gland cells not observed. Cells of the intestinal wall filled with brown granules. Intestine leading to 26.0 & 28.0 µm long rectum. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Gonoducts situated ventral to the intestine. Spermatheca indistinct but spermatoza observed in uterus. The latter supplied with well developed, externally transversely striated muscular wall. Ovejector with wide lumen; its wall internally lined by a highly plicated layer. Vagina about 14.0% corresponding body width; sphincter muscle inconspicuous. Vaginal wall without plication. Vulva slightly anterior or slightly posterior to mid-body. Up to 4 eggs present in each uterus. Tail elongate-conoid, about 6.0 rectal lengths long, straight, gradually narrowing for most part with the last about 10 µm long posterior end being slightly swollen and club-shaped. Nine to ten setae on tail; subterminal seta present, terminal seta absent. Caudal glands three, prominent; terminating in a short, tubular spinneret outlet that opens perfectly terminal on the otherwise blunt tail end. (ref. ID; 1899)
  • Male: Resembling female in many respects except the following (only males were studied under the scanning electron microscope). Body after fixation curved dorsad; maximum body width often at the level of the testes. Cuticle faintly striated under SEM. Amphids wider than in females, 25.0% corresponding body width. Dorsal gland opening a longitudinal slit, situated posterior to the level of the first ventrosublateral pouch. Reproductive system diorchic with the posterior testis reflexed posteriad; situated ventral to the intestine. Spicules only slightly curved, without median stiffening piece. Gubernaculum straight. Six ejaculatory glands present on each side; their ducts merging together to form a common duct ventral to the anterior end of each spicule. Vas deferens long, extending anterior to mid-body; component cells variable in appearance from one part to the other: hyaline close to the cloaca until the level of the anterior sphincter, filled with fine granules more anteriorly. Two sets of sphincters observed, the first spincter muscles are situated about 55 µm anterior to the first supplement while the second set is an equal distance anterior to the first set. Spermatozoa elongated, 10-17 µm long, wider on one end tapering on the other, up to 3.5 µm wide at its widest part. SEM pictures showed two longitudinal, subventral, cuticular grooves, one right and the other left, extending from the cloacal opening to the level of the most anterior supplement. Ventral supplements of two types: six prominent, laterally bulb-shaped, longer than wide (8.0-14.0 µm long and 8.0-11.0 µm wide) supplements and up to about 46, laterally observed, papilloid supplements between the bulb-shaped supplements and anterior to the first and posterior to the last supplement. Each bulb-shaped supplement has 2-3 internal canals forming a straight common duct that merges with the dorsal side of the ampulla. Under SEM these supplements externally appear to consist of two concentric rings with a central plug-like structure. Distance between bulb-shaped supplements variable, the shortest distance (27.0, 30.0 & 35.0 µm) was between the fourth and fifth supplement while the longest distance (50.0, 50.0 & 52.0 µm) was between the third and fourth supplement. Under SEM micropapillae appear to be ventral bands, about 12-15 µm wide and 2-3 µm long, each separated from the other by a transverse groove (incisure); their number variable: 8, 8 & 9 anterior to the first supplement, 6 between the first and second supplement, 6, 7 & 8 between the second and third supplement, 9, 9 & 10 between the third and fourth supplement, 6 between the fourth and fifth supplement, 7, 8 & 8 between the fifth and sixth supplement, and 1, 2 & 2 between the sixth supplement and cloacal opening. Tail elongate-conoid in its anterior half, narrow and cylindrical more posteriorly; narrowest part about 13.0% of cloacal body width. Ten to eleven setae on each side of tail, one subterminal seta present at the 5-6 µm from posterior body end. (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. findeneggi

    Compared to this species, B. findeneggi has narrower stoma, shorter spicules, higher value for the ration 'c', and lower value for the ratio 'c' (stoma width 5.0 µm for female, 6.0 µm for male; spicule length=26.0 µm, c=13.1 for female, 18.5 for male; c'=2.6 for male, 3.0 for female, in B. findeneggi) (Schiemer, 1971). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. granantensis

    B. tsalolikhini n. sp. differs from B. granatensis in having following: shorter tail, relatively prominent micropapillae, and elongated spermatozoa (tail length 210 µm in female, 126-165 µm for male, micropapillae inconspicuous, and spematozoa more or less globular in B. granatensis) (Ocana & Zullini, 1988). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. kenyensis

    This species differs from B. kenyensis, in being thicker and in having shorter spicules, its sixth supplement slightly closer to the cloacal opening, and shorter tail (a=22.4-26.7 for female, 51.4 for male, spicule length 48.0 µm, distance of the sixth supplement from cloacal opening 20.0 µm, tail length 201 for male, 240-280 µm for female in B. kenyensis (Tsalolikhin, 1992). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. malayanus

    This species differs from B. malayanus, in having its sixth supplement closer to the cloaca and fewer micropapillae between its sixth supplement from cloacal opening 21.5-26.4 µm, number of micropapillae between the sixth supplement and cloacal opening 6-8 in B. malayanus) (Schneider, 1937). (ref. ID; 1899)

    Difference of B. fesehai n. sp.

    This species differs from B. fesehai n. sp. in the shape of its anterior end and tail, width of lip region, length of cephalic and labial setae, length of cup-shaped part of stoma, shape and length of spicules, position of attachment of the duct of supplement with ampulla wall, shape of supplement, distance between supplement, distance of the sixth supplement from cloacal opening, size, number and distribution of micropapillae, shape of spematozoa, in the value for amphid width % corresponding body width, and in lacking a terminal seta. (ref. ID; 1899)

    Etymology

    The species named after Prof. Dr S.J. Tsalolikhin in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of the morphology and systematics of the family Tobrilidae. (ref. ID; 1899)