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The World of Protozoa, Rotifera, Nematoda and Oligochaeta

Achromadora

Achromadora Cobb, 1913 (ref. ID; 3571)

Chromadorida Filipjev, 1929: Family Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918: Subfamily Achromadorinae Subfam. nov. (ref. ID; 3571)

Family Achromadoridae (ref. ID; 6740)

Family Cyatholaimidae (ref. ID; 880)

ref. ID; 1663

Dorsal tooth large, but opposing subventral teeth small or obscure; stoma ending just posterior to teeth; tubular section posterior to teeth lacking. Common species. (ref. ID; 1663)

ref. ID; 1861

This genus are aligivorous or omnivorous. (ref. ID; 1861)

ref. ID; 1923

Esophagus with distinct bulb. (Freshwater, 9 species) (ref. ID; 1923)

ref. ID; 3571

Type species

Chromadora minima Cobb 1891, designated by Cobb, 1913 (ref. ID; 3571)

ref. ID; 6859

Bacterivore. (ref. ID; 6859)
  1. Achromadora aetiopica (Allgen, 1933) (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Euchromadora aetiopica Allgen, 1933 (ref. ID; 3571)
  2. Achromadora ambigua (Altherr, 1938) (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Cyatholaimus (Achromadora) ambiguus Altherr, 1938 (ref. ID; 3571)
  3. Achromadora buikensis (Steiner, 1921) Micoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Achromadora steineri Mulvey, 1969 (ref. ID; 3571); Cyatholaimus buikensis Steiner, 1921 (ref. ID; 3571)
  4. Achromadora dubia (Butschli, 1873) Micoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1861)
    Syn; Achromadora ruricola subsp. macroprocta Altherr, 1952 (ref. ID; 3571); Chromadora dubia Butschli, 1873 (ref. ID; 3571)
  5. Achromadora inermis Altherr, 1952 (ref. ID; 3571)
  6. Achromadora longicauda W. Schneider, 1937 (ref. ID; 3571)
  7. Achromadora longiseta Stekhoven, 1951 (ref. ID; 3571)
  8. Achromadora macroprocta (subsp.) Altherr, 1952
    See; Achromadora dubia (ref. ID; 3571); Achromadora ruricola subsp. macroprocta (ref. ID; 3571)
  9. Achromadora micoletzkyi (Stefanski, 1915) van der Linde, 1938 (ref. ID; 1311) or (Stefanski, 1915) Micoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Cyatholaimus micoletzkyi Stefanski, 1915 (ref. ID; 3571)
  10. Achromadora minima (Cobb, 1893) (ref. ID; 3571) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1923)
    See; Achromadora ruricola (ref. ID; 3571)
  11. Achromadora monohystera (Micoletzky, 1915)
    See; Udonchus monohystera (ref. ID; 3571)
  12. Achromadora papuana (Daday, 1899) Andrassy, 1964 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Prismatolaimus papuanus Daday, 1899 (ref. ID; 3571)
  13. Achromadora pseudomicoletzkyi van der Linde, 1938 (ref. ID; 3571)
  14. Achromadora ruricola (De Man, 1880) Mikoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 880, 1861, 2588) or (De Man, 1880) Micoletzky, 1924 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Chromadora minima Cobb, 1893 (ref. ID; 3571); Cyatholaimus ruricola De Man, 1880 (ref. ID; 3571); Cyatholaimus ruricola subsp. acutus Micoletzky, 1922 (ref. ID; 3571)
  15. Achromadora semiarmata Altherr, 1952 (ref. ID; 1311, 3571)
  16. Achromadora steineri Mulvey, 1969
    See; Achromadora buikensis (ref. ID; 3571)
  17. Achromadora subdubia Gargarin, 1971 (ref. ID; 3571)
  18. Achromadora tenax (De Man, 1876) Micoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Monhystera tenax De Man, 1876 (ref. ID; 3571)
  19. Achromadora tenera (W. Schneider, 1925) Micoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571)
    Syn; Cyatholaimus tener W. Schneider, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571)
  20. Achromadora terricola (De Man, 1880) Micoletzky, 1924 (ref. ID; 3571) reported author and year? (ref. ID; 1861)
    Syn; Chromadora musae Cobb, 1893 (ref. ID; 3571); Cyatholaimus bryophilus Steiner, 1921 (ref. ID; 3571); Cyatholaimus fluviatilis N.A. Cobb in M.V. Cobb, 1915 (ref. ID; 3571); Cyatholaimus terricola De Man, 1880 (ref. ID; 3571); Triodontolaimus lacustris Micoletzky, 1913 (ref. ID; 3571)

Achromadora micoletzkyi (Stefanski, 1915) van der Linde, 1938 (ref. ID; 1311) or (Stefanski, 1915) Micoletzky, 1925 (ref. ID; 3571)

Synonym

Cyatholaimus micoletzkyi Stefanski, 1915 (ref. ID; 3571)

Descriptions

  • Female: Short nematodes with stout and mainly posteriorly tapering body. Posture upon fixation variable: straight, slightly undulating, strongly dorsally or slightly ventrally curved. In some specimens body twisted on its axis. Small crystalloid bodies all over the somatic musculature with highest concentration around mid-body. Cuticle, when seen under the light microscope, with transverse rows of punctations. SEM pictures of the cuticle, however, show that these punctation are in fact intra-cuticular structures, seen by the transparency of the cuticle under the light microscope. Rupture of the cuticle shows under SEM the presence of three layers; an outer one with transverse striations that fit internally with a second layer consisting of small, i.e. around 0.5-0.6 µm x 0.7 µm, flower-like structures (the 'punctations'). The size and pattern of arrangement of these flower-like structures, however, shows irregularities at some parts of the body. The third and most internal layer has fine transverse striae which also fit with the middle layer. Somatic setae are distributed over all parts of the body, with the highest number occurring in the tail region. Cephalic setae seem easily broken, since they are seen only in some specimens; they have a uniform width for most of their length. In front of the four cephalic setae there are six inner labial and six outer labial papillae in two circlets. Lip region without punctation. Stoma asymmetrical, weakly sclerotized, cheilostome with around twelve rod-like structures. A cheilstome with around twelve rod-like structures. A small dorsal tooth is followed by an even smaller ventral denticle. Amphid spiral with two coils situated at 0.8(0.6-0.9) lip region widths from the anterior end, i.e. between the fourth and eighth transverse lines of punctations. Pharynx cylindrical up to the level of the nerve ring, which is situated posterior to mid-pharynx, widening posteriorly and terminating in a strong bulb that is divided into three parts by two very weak transverse interruptions. Ventral gland or its outlet not seen. Pharyngo-intestinal junction simple. Intestinal lumen fairly wide. Rectum muscular, nearly three and one half anal body widths long, composed of two parts, the anterior one of which is sometimes called prerectum. Tail elongate-conoid, 1.8 rectal lengths, and with three distinct caudal glands terminating in a short, tubular spinneret. Vulva-anus distance always more than twice the tail length. Female reproductive system short, didelphic, amphidelphic with ventrally reflexed ovaries. Details of gonoduct obscure. Vagina very short. Vulva a small transverse slit with out-bulging lips situated anterior to mid body. (ref. ID; 1311)
  • Male: Male not found. (ref. ID; 1311)

    Measurements

  • Big form: Body length 605+/-23.1(547-626) µm, maximum body width 28+/-1.5(27-30) µm, pharyngeal length measured from the anterior end 106+/-1.9(104-109) µm, tail length 94+/-7.8(80-105) µm, anal body width 16.4+/-1.4(14-19) µm, lip region width 11+/-0.6(11-13) µm, stoma length 7+/-1.3(5-10) µm, distance from vulva to anus 265+/-16(228-294) µm, amphid anterior body end 9+/-0.9(8-11) µm, corresponding body width 13.5+/-0.6(13-15) µm, nerve ring from the anterior end 61.1+/-3.3(55-67) µm, rectal length 20+/-2.1(17-24) µm, egg size 53x20 µm. (ref. ID; 1311)
  • Small form: Body length 299+/-11(284-324) µm, maximum body width 16+/-1.3(15-19) µm, pharyngeal length measured from the anterior end 69+/-2.3(67-75) µm, tail length 44+/-3.6(39-51) µm, anal body width 9+/-0.6(8-10) µm, lip region width 7+/-0.5(7-8) µm, stoma length 5+/-0.7(4-6) µm, distance from vulva to anus 126+/-13(114-158) µm, amphid anterior body end 9+/-1.0(7-11) µm, corresponding body width 9+/-0.5(8-10) µm, nerve ring from the anterior end 40+/-1.4(38-44) µm, rectal length 11+/-1.1(10-13) µm, egg length 43+/-2.7(40-47) µm, egg width 13+/-0.8(12-14) µm. (ref. ID; 1311)

    Achromadora semiarmata Altherr, 1952 (ref. ID; 1311, 3571)

    Descriptions

  • Female: Small nematodes with short, stout body tapering mainly posteriorly. Curvature after fixation variable but often ventrally arcuate. In a number of specimens body twisted on its axis, especially in the tail region, making them difficult to measure. Light microscopic observations show the cuticle with very fine transverse rows of punctations, giving the impression of fine transverse striations. These dots start near the anterior border of the amphidial fovea which is spiral with one coil situated about one-half lip region width from the anterior end. SEM pictures, however, show the cuticle with three distinct layers, an outer layer of transverse striae with internal ridges, then a middle layer that consists of more or less circular flower-like structures, 0.7-0.8 µm x 0.7-0.8 µm (SEM), followed by a strongly annulated inner layer. Very fine crystalloid bodies are distributed all over the body, their number being variable from one specimen to another. Somatic setae very scare, not seen on most parts of the body, but visible in the tail region. Cephalic setae small, about 1.5 µm (SEM). Lip region more or less truncate, without punctations. Stoma asymmetrical, fairly long, strongly sclerotized with a medium-sized, sharp dorsal tooth followed by a less developed and smaller denticle on the ventral side. Cheilostome with twelve well sclerotized rod-like projections, giving the anterior end the appearance of a comb. Pharynx narrow and mostly cylindrical, terminating in a strong bulb which in most specimens is separated from the cylindrical part by a clear interruption. The bulb itself is also transversely divided into two parts by an interruption in the musculature. The nerve ring is situated behind the middle of the pharynx. Ventral gland and excretory pore not observed. Pharygo-intestinal junction more or less simple, intestine covering the small cardia with an anterior usually conspicuous part. Intestine with wide lumen. Rectum 'L'-shaped, two anal body widths long. Tail elongate, conical, around 2.5 rectal lengths long, with indistinct caudal glands and terminating in a tapering spinneret. Vulva-anus distance at least twice tail length. Female reproductive system short, didelphic, amphidelphic with reflexed ovaries. Detail of gonoduct obscure. Vagina short and with thickened walls. Vulva a transverse slit with protruding lips situated slightly anterior to mid-body. (ref. ID; 1311)
  • Male: Male body slimmer than that of female, with ventrally curved posterior end. Ventromedian supplements three, the posterior most one situated nearly one spicule length from the cloacal opening. Spicules slightly ventrally curved with sharp tip, slightly less than one anal body with long. Gubernaculum slightly more than half the spicule length, and becomes sharper close to the cloacal opening. (ref. ID; 1311)

    Measurements

  • Female: Body length 446+/-36.7(378-502) µm, maximum body width 23+/-0.9(22-25) µm, pharyngeal length measured from the anterior end 89+/-5.8(79-100) µm, tail length 66+/-5.4(54-77) µm, anal body width 13+/-1.1(12-16) µm, lip region width 11+/-0.8(10-12) µm, stoma length 8+/-1.0(7-10) µm, distance from vulva to anus 169+/-19.9(132-207) µm, amphid anterior body end 5+/-1.0(3-7) µm, nerve ring from the anterior end 52+/-4.3(46-60) µm, rectal length 8+/-1.4(6-10) µm, egg length 62+/-5.0(58-69) µm, egg width 16+/-0.4(16-17) µm, size 53x20 µm. (ref. ID; 1311)
  • Male: Body length 449 µm, maximum body width 19 µm, pharyngeal length measured from the anterior end 81 µm, tail length 71 µm, anal body width 17 µm, lip region width 10 µm, stoma length 7 µm, amphid anterior body end 5 µm, spiculae length 24 µm, gubernaculum length 14 µm, number of supplements 3. (ref. ID; 1311)