Invasion information | ||
Range in Japan | Miyagi, Ibaraki, Gumma, Saitama, Tokyo, Aichi, Gifu, Ahiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Wakayama, Hyogo, Okayama, Hiroshima, Kagawa, Ehime, Tokushima, Fukuoka, and Saga Prefs. | |
Origin | Unknown. | |
Date | Spread since 1990s. | |
Route | Deliberate: For agricultural use (rice-duck farming) Accidental: Spread within Japan by hitchhiking on water bird body. | |
Impact | Competition, hybridization, nutrient enrichment. Native organism(s) affected: Native Azolla (A. imbricate and A. japonica) (competition, hybridization) Freshwater communities (nutrient enrichment) | |
Regulation in Japan | Import, transport and keeping are prohibited in Japan by the Invasive Alien Species Act. | |
Introduced range in other countries | Unknown. |
Reference | Notes |
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The three species Azolla microphylla, A. mexicana,A. caroliniana are regarded as synonyms of A. cristata. |