Bufo typhonius

Basic information
Scientific name	Bufo typhonius	Click to magnify
Major synonym	Rhinella margaritifera
Common names	Leaf Litter toad
Higher taxon	Bufonidae, Anura, Amphibia
Natural range	Central and South America (eastern Panama to Amazonian South America).
Habitat	Lowland forest.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Not established in Japan
Origin	Unintroduced to Japan.
Date
Route	Deliberate: There were some importation as pet animals.
Impact	Potentially: Predation on native small invertebrates, competition with native frogs and toads, toxic to frog and toad predators such as snakes. Native organism(s) affected: Small invertebrates (predation), frogs and toads (competition), snakes (toxin)
Regulation in Japan	Import, transport and keeping are prohibited in Japan by the Invasive Alien Species Act.
Introduced range in other countries	Under Construction.

Reference	Notes
Frost (2009) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.3 (12 February, 2009). http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/ . AMNH, New York, USA. etc.