Columba livia

Basic information
Scientific name	Columba livia	Click to magnify
Common names	Rock dove, Feral pigeon
Higher taxon	Columbidae, Columbiformes, Aves
Natural range	N Africa, W Asia, C Asia, S Asia, and Western China.
Habitat	Farm area, urban area, riverside, etc.

Invasion information
Range in Japan	Almost entire Japan including several islands.
Origin	Unknown.
Date	6C or earlier. Records of wild population were since late 19C.
Route	Deliberate: For a religious ceremony (release of living animal). For food.
Impact	In foreign countries, competitive with native birds for food and nesting site. Fecal pollution. Agricultural damage. Bird strike to airplanes, trains, etc. Transmitting cryptococcosis, parrot fever, etc. Native organism(s) affected: Native birds, crops, human, etc.
Regulation in Japan	No action for prevention, mitigation, control, or eradication.
Introduced range in other countries	Worldwide. South Korea, SE Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, North America, Latin America, Etc.

Reference

Notes

Eguchi & Amano (1999) Naturalization of exotic birds in Japan. Jpn J Ornithol. 47, 97-114 (in Jpn)
Eguchi & Amano (2000) Problems of introductions and naturalizations in birds. Jpn J Conserv Ecol. 5, 131-148 (in Jpn)
Eguchi & Amano (2004) Spread of exotic birds in Japan. Ornithol Sci. 3, 3-12.
Eguchi & Fujimaki (eds) (2000) Check-List of Japanese Birds Sixth Revised Edition. The Ornithological Society of Japan, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Higuchi et al. (eds) (1996) The Encyclopedia of Animals in Japan 3 Birds I. Heibonsha, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Johnston & Janiga (1995) Feral Pigeons. Oxford University Press. New York.
Kawakami & Kanouchi (2012) The Handbook of Introduced Birds in Japan. Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo (in Jpn)
Lepage (ed) (2003-2010) Avibase the world bird database (Accessed on 2012-6-07) http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/
etc.

100 of the Japan’s Worst Invasive Alien Species